The Impact of Best Management Practices on Water Nutrients Levels in the United States

Description
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are often designed to restore the water quality of impaired waterbodies. They are expensive to install and maintain and often have limited post-installation analysis. There is a gap in our knowledge of the long-term real-world efficiency

Best Management Practices (BMPs) are often designed to restore the water quality of impaired waterbodies. They are expensive to install and maintain and often have limited post-installation analysis. There is a gap in our knowledge of the long-term real-world efficiency of such systems as their dynamics are complex and poorly understood, and we have very limited data about these systems. We looked at water quality changes pre- and post-BMP implementation from sites around the US to better understand the impacts of BMPs on the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in the waterbodies. Water quality data was obtained from 72 waterbodies across the United States using the National Water Quality Monitoring Council’s Water Quality Portal. This data was analyzed for trends using the Kaplan-Meier method, exceedance probability, and lag time analysis. Out of the seventy-two (72) watershed locations, twenty-two (22) did not have enough data for analysis. Of these fifty (50) remaining watersheds locations one hundred eighty-four (184) monitoring sites were analyzed. Only sixty-nine (69) of these monitoring sites were found to have enough data for analysis. Forty-eight (48) sites saw improvement in nutrient levels, where overall post-implementation exceedance probability for critical thresholds (defined as 1 mg/l for N and 0.1 mg/l for P) decreased. Twenty-one (21) sites did not see improvement, where post-implementation exceedance probabilities did not show any reduction; in some cases, it showed an increase. Even among the efficient sites, where improvement was found, significant variation was observed in changes in exceedance probability with time, with many sites not demonstrating an expected uniform decreasing trend. It was also found that 56 out of the 72 water bodies had some biological indicator present, these included dissolved oxygen concentrations, benthic macroinvertebrate populations, fish communities/aquatic life, bacteria, and index scores. However, data gaps were detrimental to conclusively assessing BMPs with biological indicators. It was determined that sparse biological indicators data were not indicative of BMP success. These observations highlight the importance of designing a monitoring strategy that can capture these unexpected trends and allow a better understanding of BMPs. Along with better monitoring strategies, consistent and frequent monitoring is needed. Therefore, the effectiveness of best management practices was inconclusive due to a lack of available data on many sites.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

February 6, 2023, Kahmaranmaraş, Türkiye Earthquake: Evaluation of Ground-Motion Data and Structural Response

Description
Ground-motion data from the February 6th, 2023 Kahmaranmaraş, Türkiye earthquake sequence is analyzed. Acceleration and deformation response spectra are analyzed to predict susceptible infrastructure and failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete structures in the region. Images are used to compare the

Ground-motion data from the February 6th, 2023 Kahmaranmaraş, Türkiye earthquake sequence is analyzed. Acceleration and deformation response spectra are analyzed to predict susceptible infrastructure and failure mechanisms of reinforced concrete structures in the region. Images are used to compare the theoretical failure and actual building failures in the region. Recommendations are provided for both the seismic design code and seismic retrofitting.
Date Created
2024-05
Agent

College Hesitancy in Minority High School Girls Interested in STEM

Description
Minority women continue to be underrepresented in STEM fields and in STEM related degrees, leading to a lack of diversity in the research conducted and voices advocated for in STEM. To understand why there continues to be a lack of

Minority women continue to be underrepresented in STEM fields and in STEM related degrees, leading to a lack of diversity in the research conducted and voices advocated for in STEM. To understand why there continues to be a lack of representation of minority women in STEM, I conducted a survey of approximately 20 high school girls who identified as minorities and had an interest in science and conservation to ask questions about their hesitancy to attend college and the different barriers they face. The results of this survey show that these minority girls have low hesitancy when considering applying to and attending college. The biggest barrier these girls face is cost, with 74% of respondents citing college expense as a source of hesitancy when considering applying to college. I then discuss possible interventions that would lead to an increase in the representation of minority women in STEM in higher education. I suggest that colleges and universities should highlight scholarships, financial aid, and programs available and that minority women are eligible for, or they should reduce the cost of tuition.
Date Created
2023-12
Agent

Treated Waste Plastics: A Solution for Enhancing the Performance of Concrete Construction

Description

The environment today is facing concerns over accumulation of plastics in landfills as well as excessive CO2 emissions. Containers and packaging take up approximately 15 million tons each year, and accumulations such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch are entering

The environment today is facing concerns over accumulation of plastics in landfills as well as excessive CO2 emissions. Containers and packaging take up approximately 15 million tons each year, and accumulations such as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch are entering the oceans. Work has been done to alter and treat polyethylene plastic to be added to cement mixtures. This is done to increase bearing capacity and ductility of concrete in addition to decreasing carbon emissions and plastic waste.

Date Created
2023-05
Agent

How Does the Mechanics Project Impact Civil Engineering Students?

Description

Innovative teaching methods must be studied and implemented to optimize student learning and prepare future generations for complex challenges. Dr. Keith Hjelmstad, a professor at Arizona State University, developed such an approach, “The Mechanics Project,” and has implemented it in

Innovative teaching methods must be studied and implemented to optimize student learning and prepare future generations for complex challenges. Dr. Keith Hjelmstad, a professor at Arizona State University, developed such an approach, “The Mechanics Project,” and has implemented it in foundational engineering mechanics courses. Although course instructors have used traditional “lecture and read” approaches for generations, the world is changing, requiring a modified policy. In this thesis, I research, discuss, and analyze the positive effects of The Mechanics Project for civil engineering students based on its fundamental principles.

Date Created
2023-05
Agent

Founders Lab – Agrix Paper

Description

Startups in the paper manufacturing are few & rare between. Agrix Paper takes a step towards innovating the traditional mass-scale paper making process & introduce non-wood fiber sourcing into the papermaking space. Using a hemp fiber-base, Agrix Paper hopes to

Startups in the paper manufacturing are few & rare between. Agrix Paper takes a step towards innovating the traditional mass-scale paper making process & introduce non-wood fiber sourcing into the papermaking space. Using a hemp fiber-base, Agrix Paper hopes to develop a new paper manufacturing process that derives high-quality paper sourced from hemp & agricultural waste. Agrix Paper will reinvent the papermaking process for a more sustainable industry future.

Date Created
2023-05
Agent

Using Recycled Ceramics to Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Concrete

Description

This thesis investigates the feasibility of using recycled ceramics as the aggregate in concrete, as an alternative to natural rock aggregates. The study evaluates the mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled ceramics and compares them with those of traditional

This thesis investigates the feasibility of using recycled ceramics as the aggregate in concrete, as an alternative to natural rock aggregates. The study evaluates the mechanical properties of concrete made with recycled ceramics and compares them with those of traditional concrete. The research involved laboratory experiments to determine compressive strength and displacement. The results show that the concrete made with recycled ceramics exhibited higher compressive strength and lower maximum displacement than traditional concrete, which means it acted more brittle. However, when the recycled ceramics were used to replace only 50% of the rock aggregate, the compressive strength decreased while the maximum displacement stayed the same, though the study concludes that a larger sample size is needed for more reliable results. Based on the findings, the thesis concludes that while the use of recycled ceramics in concrete may not be suitable for structural concrete, it could still have potential as a sustainable building material in non-structural applications.

Date Created
2023-05
Agent

Founder's Lab - Uni Flask

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Description
When you get to a point in your day where you need a drink of water, what type of bottle do you reach for? A plastic bottle? In the US alone, over 500 billion bottles are used daily (or in

When you get to a point in your day where you need a drink of water, what type of bottle do you reach for? A plastic bottle? In the US alone, over 500 billion bottles are used daily (or in a year), and this leads to an exorbitant amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills, oceans, and finally, our bodies. Uni Flask is a unique solution tailored to meet the needs of college students throughout the US. Through the pairing of reusable, university themed bottles with our daily reminders and challenges, eliminating plastic waste is at the heart of our group's solution. The themed bottles will be available to not just students, but to anyone who is interested. The reminders you receive can be modified to your exact needs, and can be sent daily, weekly, or even monthly. Regardless of which option you choose, our team will include you in any competitions and challenges available, as our goal at Uni Flask is to not only cut down on plastic waste and consumption, but to help you achieve a healthier, hydrated lifestyle.
Date Created
2022-05
Agent

Understanding the Relationship Between Precipitation
and Runoff in Urban Watersheds Across Maricopa County

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Description
The monsoon season is an important part of Arizona's ecosystem as it provides 33% of Maricopa's annual rainfall. However, the monsoon also brings storms with high rainfall intensity which can cause floods. As Maricopa continues to expand and become more

The monsoon season is an important part of Arizona's ecosystem as it provides 33% of Maricopa's annual rainfall. However, the monsoon also brings storms with high rainfall intensity which can cause floods. As Maricopa continues to expand and become more urbanized, it may become more susceptible to flooding. This project analyzes watersheds across Maricopa County to determine the amount of runoff that occurs for a given rainfall event.
Date Created
2022-05
Agent

Episode 5

Description

This podcast focused on the experience of women in the field of STEM and more specifically civil engineering. The episodes will explore three main topics surrounding women in the workforce: how women navigate and succeed in a workforce with a

This podcast focused on the experience of women in the field of STEM and more specifically civil engineering. The episodes will explore three main topics surrounding women in the workforce: how women navigate and succeed in a workforce with a predominantly male presence, whether or not women experience “impostor syndrome,” and how to deal with being undermined in the workforce. Also available on Spotify! 

Date Created
2022-05
Agent