Constructing a Proactive Higher Education Environment for Students with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This pilot study examined aspects of post-secondary education at Arizona State University (ASU) in relation to how Universal Design for Learning (UDL) aligned strategies are used to support students, especially those who identify as having Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Students with ADHD have different needs from peers without ADHD, particularly in self-regulation and executive function (APA, 2022). UDL strategies are designed to help create educational experiences that are accessible to diverse learners of all backgrounds, and they are implemented through three main principles: multiple means of engagement, expression, and representation (CAST, 2018). UDL guidelines which expand upon the principle of multiple means of engagement were investigated in relation to building a better framework of learning for students with ADHD at a large public university in the Southwestern US. I aimed to better understand (a) student perceptions of ASU faculties' implementation of instructional strategies aligned to UDL’s principle of multiple means of engagement (b) student perception of the benefit of using specific UDL aligned strategies, and (c) the relationship between the engagement UDL strategies used and their perceived benefit to students’ academic success. A survey was used to collect data from a sample within ASU’s population of students. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as an independent samples t-test to compare variables. Findings from this pilot study can greatly benefit the quality of learning that students receive, could have the potential to inform future studies, as well as provide additional data to faculty members about student perception of the use and benefit of instructional strategies aligned to the UDL principle of multiple means of engagement. With the results of the study, educators can better understand student needs and increase student academic benefit within a college environment.