This project combines a performance recording with musicological research on Louise Farrenc’s four sets of piano études (Op. 26, 41, 42, 50). It highlights the remarkable piano works of the French female composer Louise Farrenc, exploring representative selections from Farrenc’s four progressive sets of educational piano études. I intend to draw attention to these extraordinary compositions and elevate their position in modern-day piano repertoire. These are essential works from the nineteenth-century piano repertoire, which provide significant pedagogical value as they were composed based on Louise Farrenc’s (1804-1875) own teaching experience of pupils. In addition, a growing appreciation for the aesthetic and educational merit of women composers’ compositions is rapidly emerging in contemporary scholarship, while people tended to focus on prominent male composers’ work in the past. This discussion centers around the technical goals of each set, musical expression and interpretation suggestions, and analysis of important influences to create a comprehensive pedagogical guide for performers and teachers. The lack of documentation and analysis of piano compositions by female pianists is a great loss to pedagogy and keyboard literature, and the purpose of this project is to contribute to change in promoting the works of female composers.This pedagogical study is organized into four chapters. Chapter 1 offers a concise biography of composer Louise Farrenc, exploring her personal journey and the artistic landscape that shaped her work. I emphasize the societal expectations on different genders as musicians in the nineteenth century. The first part of Chapter 2 embarks on a chronological development of études, commencing with their seventeenth-century inception and culminating in their peak during the mid-nineteenth century. The second part of Chapter 2 discusses Farrenc’s études and her pedagogical values. Chapters 3 and 4 provide an overview of the relevance and progression between the four sets of études based on form, texture, and technique. Finally, a pedagogical guide to the études demonstrates the recommended teaching processes and goals for each set and the études as a collection.

This project focuses on Samarkand Pictures, a cycle for solo piano composed by the Uzbek composer Dilorom Amanullaeva. She currently serves on the faculty of the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan in Tashkent where she received her musical education. As Uzbekistan was once a part of the Soviet Union, there is no doubt Amanullaeva was influenced by Russian and Soviet composers, but traditional Uzbek melodic inflections and unique rhythmic patterns can be found prevailing in her writing. The recorded part of the project will include approximately thirty minutes of playing. The written commentary includes a chapter about the composer’s biography and compositional style, and also the historical background of the recorded compositions. Most importantly, the commentary features a guide for performers that is based on the interpretational choices I made when recording this cycle. One of the main purposes of this project is to diversify the modern piano repertoire. With this project, I intend to promote Dilorom Amanullaeva’s piano works and advocate for women composers in classical music in general.

The purpose of this project is to research the pedagogical, philosophical and compositional ideals of the renowned Chinese pedagogue Zhaoyi Dan and to provide performance and pedagogical suggestions for selected piano works. Zhaoyi Dan (b. 1940) is one of the leading piano educators of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries in China. Over his sixty years of teaching, he has been given the nickname “Godfather of piano education”. He has taught many renowned concert pianists, including Yundi Li, Sa Chen, and Haochen Zhang. Twenty-nine of Dan’s students have collectively won sixty-three prizes at major international competitions. This paper will detail Zhaoyi Dan’s comprehensive teaching philosophy and methods by studying his published academic theses, piano compositions, and online master classes and seminars. The selected piano works composed by Zhaoyi Dan are presented with an introduction of each piece, brief musical description, and pedagogical suggestions. Through the study of Zhaoyi Dan’s pedagogical philosophies and selected piano works, I hope this paper will show his helpful teaching methods and add to the pedagogical piano repertoire for teachers and students.

Ge Gan-ru (b. 1954) is considered one of the most innovative composers of his time and is referred to in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians as “China's first avant-garde composer.”[ Stanley Sadie, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press,( January 29, 2004): 258.] In 1986, Ge composed Ancient Music, a piece employs extended piano techniques to express the composer's reimagination of ancient Chinese music. This project explores the life and music of Ge Gan-ru by providing a historical background of Ge’s life as a composer during the Chinese Cultural Revolution[ The Chinese Cultural Revolution was a decade-long era of political and social upheaval ignited by Mao Zedong's attempt to restore his authority over the Communist Party through the mistreatment of the Chinese people. ] and the changes after he came to America. In addition, a technical analysis and performance guide of Ancient Music are included, in order to discuss how he expresses his individual compositional language and integrates Chinese musical concepts into a western contemporary compositional system. In this document, I take a close look at Ge Gan-ru’s perspectives on Chinese music and the revolutionary reforms he made. Chapter One is a review of sources about Ge’s life and study in China and America and a brief introduction to his Ancient Music. Chapter Two discusses why the concept of composer in the context of Western music is missing in Chinese music, as most traditional Chinese works were not created by a single person and therefore do not reflect the individual voice of one composer. This point can also be extended to explain why Chinese society has historically encouraged homogenization including in music. Chapter Three serves as a performance guide, as well as a musical and technical analysis of Ancient Music. This will involve outlining and comparing the performance of traditional Chinese instruments with the internal piano techniques employed throughout this piece. Chapter Four is a summary of Ge’s Ancient Music and his musical contributions.

Piano education in China is a complex phenomenon shaped over the past century by many factors: China’s rich history of musical traditions, the influence of missionary piano teachers, the establishment of government-formed music conservatories, rapid changes in a political top-down approach, and the contributions of Russian piano teachers. Globalization and China’s rising economic status in the last four and a half decades have led to more Chinese pianists studying abroad and bringing their education back home. Once a foreign import, the piano is now played by more children in China than anywhere else in the world, and young Chinese pianists are frequently recognized on the world’s most competitive stages. As musicians compete on a global scale and international exchanges grow, understanding piano education in China becomes increasingly important.Three renowned teachers shape today’s piano education in China: Dr. Zhe Tang (唐哲) at Shanghai Conservatory, Dr. Ling Zhao (赵聆) at Central Conservatory, and Dr. Vivian Li (李穗荣) at Xinghai Conservatory. After studying in both China and the West, they train some of China’s best young pianists who are recognized on the world’s most competitive stages. This paper shares the teaching methods and philosophies of Tang, Zhao, and Li through comprehensive interviews and lesson observations. It aims to enhance the teaching and performance of pianists, while offering valuable insights into piano education in China. The document explores Tang’s methods to inspire characters in the music and achieve balance in timing and sound, Zhao’s techniques to position and move the hands and fingers for effortless control, and Li’s approaches to manipulate natural arm weight to create a variety of tones and sounds. Their teaching presents useful ideas for how to effectively communicate music and guide students to become passionate and independent musicians. Techniques taught by Zhao and Li—such as the finger standing stably on the key, grabbing with the hand, and differing approaches to the high finger technique—encourage pianists to investigate the function of different body parts, the interconnectedness of tension and relaxation, where strength should come from, and how to best support weight with ease. Additionally, Tang, Zhao, and Li describe the unique aspects of piano education in China.

The word “nocturne” was first used to describe a piano work by the Irish composer John Field, who also established its basic framework. The genre was expanded and brought to its maturity by Chopin, who wrote twenty-one nocturnes for solo piano over his entire creative life. Among Chopin’s works, it is the nocturnes with their lyrical melodies and improvisational nature that especially provide flexibility and freedom for performers to express inner feelings and individual interpretations. The marked contrast between Chopin’s early and late nocturnes naturally leads to different interpretive results. Accordingly, this project investigates how the stylistic changes in Chopin’s early and late nocturnes are related to their performances. Taking Op. 9, No. 1 and Op. 62, No. 1 as examples of Chopin’s early and late nocturnes respectively, the project compares the recordings of Artur Rubinstein (1965) and Vladimir Ashkenazy (1981) through the lens of descriptive analyses. The introductory chapter covers the influences on Chopin’s nocturnes, Rubinstein’s and Ashkenazy’s playing styles of Chopin’s works, various editions of Chopin’s nocturnes, and the relation of analysis to performance. The main body of the paper alternates descriptive analysis of each section of Nocturnes Op. 9, No. 1 and Op. 62, No. 1 with comparisons between the two pianists’ recordings. The final chapter outlines how the two nocturnes from Chopin’s early and late creative periods differ from one another and how the changes in style affect the two pianists’ interpretations. The goal of this project is to aid in a better understanding of the interpretive choices made by Rubinstein and Ashkenazy in these two nocturnes.

History has long been stamped with the name of Carl Czerny in the domain of piano pedagogy, due to the substantial number of didactic piano exercises that Czerny produced. As a result, Czerny’s “canonic” pedagogical works have overshadowed other unrecognized piano études. At the turn of the nineteenth century, the cultivated form of concert études entered the output of almost every pianist-composer, and yet traditionally, attention in piano pedagogy has centered on études by Czerny, Burgmüller, Liszt, Schumann and Chopin. More recent research pays tribute to études by other composers, such as Clementi, Cramer, Hummel and Moscheles. The current lack of documentation and analysis of piano études written by female pianists is undeservedly a great loss to pedagogy and keyboard literature. Not only do these études give modern musicians a glimpse into the pianism and professionalism of the earliest accomplished women pianists, but the varieties in their études also form a comprehensive training method that ranges from the intermediate level to the advanced level. The virtuosity and brilliance of the advanced études deserve to be considered in league with other long-standing piano études that have already been glorified and performed throughout history. The purpose of this pedagogical study is to shed light on these hidden treasures of études which are invaluable pedagogical resources. To concisely demonstrate the varieties of pianistic techniques, this analysis will focus solely on two collections of études: Eight Übungsstücke (1823) by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel (1805 – 1847), and Six Concert de Études Op. 11 (1881) by Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847 – 1907).