Programs and Communities
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- Creators: School of Human Evolution and Social Change
- Creators: Chou, Ju-hsi
Background
In 2015, the Zika arbovirus (ZIKV) began circulating in the Americas, rapidly expanding its global geographic range in explosive outbreaks. Unusual among mosquito-borne diseases, ZIKV has been shown to also be sexually transmitted, although sustained autochthonous transmission due to sexual transmission alone has not been observed, indicating the reproduction number (R0) for sexual transmission alone is less than 1. Critical to the assessment of outbreak risk, estimation of the potential attack rates, and assessment of control measures, are estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0.
Methods
We estimated the R0 of the 2015 ZIKV outbreak in Barranquilla, Colombia, through an analysis of the exponential rise in clinically identified ZIKV cases (n = 359 to the end of November, 2015).
Findings
The rate of exponential rise in cases was ρ = 0.076 days[superscript −1], with 95% CI [0.066,0.087] days[superscript −1]. We used a vector-borne disease model with additional direct transmission to estimate the R0; assuming the R0 of sexual transmission alone is less than 1, we estimated the total R0 = 3.8 [2.4,5.6], and that the fraction of cases due to sexual transmission was 0.23 [0.01,0.47] with 95% confidence.
Interpretation
This is among the first estimates of R0 for a ZIKV outbreak in the Americas, and also among the first quantifications of the relative impact of sexual transmission.
Phoebus 6, Number 1: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents
“Preface” p. 7-8.
“The Time of Qianlong (1736-1795)” by Wen Fong, p. 9-16.
“The Intellectual Climate in Eighteenth-century China: Glimpses of Beijing, Suzhou, and Yangzhou in the Qianlong Period” by Frederick Mote, p. 17-55.
“The Qianlong Emperor’s Skill in the Connoisseurship of Chinese Painting” by Kohara Hironobu, p. 56-73.
“An Overview of Stylistic Development in the Qianlong Painting Academy” by She Cheng, p. 74-90.
“Document and Portrait: the Southern Tour Paintings of Kangxi and Qianlong” by Maxwell Hearn, p. 91-131.
“Tangdai: A Biographical Sketch” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 132-140.
“For the Love of God: Castiglione at the Qing Imperial Court” by Howard Rogers, p. 141-160.
“Approaches to Painting at the Qianlong Court” by Claudia Brown, p. 163-168.
“Notes” p. 169-198.
Phoebus 6, Number 2: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents
“Preface” p. 207.
“Figure, Fiction, and Figment in Eighteenth-century Chinese Painting” by Richard Vinograd, p. 209-227.
“Yuan Jiang: Image Maker” by Alfreda Murck, p. 228-260.
“Zheng Xie's Price List: Painting as a Source of Income in Yangzhou” by Ginger Cheng-chi Hsü, p. 261-271.
“Jin Nong: The Eccentric Painter with a Wintry Heart” by Marshall P. S. Wu, p. 272-294.
“An Overview of Li Jian’s Painting” by Christina Chu, p. 295-315.
“Eighteenth-century Foundations in Modern Chinese Painting” by Chu-tsing Li, p. 316-327.
“Rubric and Art History: The Case of the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 329-350.
“Notes” p. 351-379.
“Glossary” p. 381-391.
“Index” p. 393-418
Phoebus 8: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents
“Preface” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 9-10.
“The Significance of the Nineteenth Century for Modern Chinese History” by Stephen R. Mackinnon, p. 11-17.
“Looking at Late Qing Painting with New Eyes” by Chu-Tsing Li, p. 18-37.
“Qian Du to Zhang Jing: The Artist and the Patron” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 38-66.
“Zhou Xian's Fabulous Construct: The Thatched Cottage of Fan Lake” by Britta Erickson, p. 67-93.
“A Forgotten Celebrity: Wang Zhen (1867-1938), Businessman, Philanthropist, and Artist” by Hsing-yuan Tsao, p. 94-109.
“Satire and Situation: Images of the Artist in Late Nineteenth-Century China” by Richard Vinograd, p. 110-133.
“Painters and Publishing in Late Nineteenth-century Shanghai” by Jonathan Hay, p. 134-188.
“Calligraphy at the Close of the Chinese Empire” by Lothar Ledderose, p. 189-207.
“Glossary of Chinese Names and Terms” p. 211-219
Phoebus 2: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents
“Preface” by Jack Breckenridge, p. 3.
“Contributors” p. 4-5.
“Table of Contents” p. 6-7.
“The Problem of Antisolimenismo in Neapolitan Baroque Painting” by Donald Rabiner, p. 8-16.
“Mid-Fourteenth Century Painting in Suchou: Some Lesser Masters” by Claudia Brown, p. 17-30.
“A Re-Examination of the Cult of Demeter and the Meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries” by Sherly Farness, p. 31-38.
“Arizona Portfolio” p. 39-53.
“Wooden Cross” by Mildred Monteverde, p. 40-43.
“Le Petit Tablier” by Rosalind Robinson, p. 44-47.
“La Réunion des plus Célèbres Monuments Antiques de la France” by Vicki C. Wright, p.
48-53.
“An Unpublished Rowlandson Sketchbook” by Anthony Gully, p. 54-74.
“Are We Ready for Shih-T'ao?” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 75-87.
“A Conversation Between Adolph Gottlieb and Jack Breckenridge” transcribed by Jack Breckenridge, p. 88-96.
“Three Recent Art Reference Books” by Winberta Yao, p. 97-102
Phoebus 1: A Journal of Art History - Table of Contents
“Preface” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 4-6.
“Dedication” by Harry Wood, p. 7-8.
“Style and Symbolism in the Awatobi Kiva Mural Paintings” by Marvin Cohodas, p. 9-21.
“Mr. B and the Cherubim: A Critical Examination of William Blake's 'A Descriptive Catalogue' of 1809” by Anthony Gully, p. 23-46.
“Arizona Portfolio” p. 47-64.
“La Muse de Guillaume Apollinaire (The Muse of Guillaume Apollinaire)” by Anthony
Gully, p. 48-51.
“Wild Geese, Flowering Plants, and Tall Reeds” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 52-55.
“Ting” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 56-59.
“Homage to Watteau” by Robin Dowden, p. 60-64.
“A Note on a Letter from Roger Hilton to Terry Frost” by Jack Breckenridge, p. 65-74.
“Ming Idealism and Landscape Painting” by Ju-hsi Chou, p. 75-92.
“Classic Maya Elements in the Iconography of Rulership at El Tajin, Veracruz, Mexico” by Michael Kampen, p. 93-104.
“Anne de Coursey Clapp, Wen Cheng-ming, ‘The Ming Artist and Antiquity’” by Anne de Coursey Clapp and Wen Cheng-ming, p. 105-108.
“‘7+5 Sculptors in the 1950s’: An Exhibition in the Phoenix Art Museum” 108-113.
“List of Contributors” by 114-116.