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- Creators: Chang, Chun
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Description
This study investigates how well prominent behavioral theories from social psychology explain green purchasing behavior (GPB). I assess three prominent theories in terms of their suitability for GPB research, their attractiveness to GPB empiricists, and the strength of their empirical evidence when applied to GPB. First, a qualitative assessment of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), Norm Activation Theory (NAT), and Value-Belief-Norm Theory (VBN) is conducted to evaluate a) how well the phenomenon and concepts in each theory match the characteristics of pro-environmental behavior and b) how well the assumptions made in each theory match common assumptions made in purchasing theory. Second, a quantitative assessment of these three theories is conducted in which r2 values and methodological parameters (e.g., sample size) are collected from a sample of 21 empirical studies on GPB to evaluate the accuracy and generalize-ability of empirical evidence. In the qualitative assessment, the results show each theory has its advantages and disadvantages. The results also provide a theoretically-grounded roadmap for modifying each theory to be more suitable for GPB research. In the quantitative assessment, the TPB outperforms the other two theories in every aspect taken into consideration. It proves to 1) create the most accurate models 2) be supported by the most generalize-able empirical evidence and 3) be the most attractive theory to empiricists. Although the TPB establishes itself as the best foundational theory for an empiricist to start from, it's clear that a more comprehensive model is needed to achieve consistent results and improve our understanding of GPB. NAT and the Theory of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB) offer pathways to extend the TPB. The TIB seems particularly apt for this endeavor, while VBN does not appear to have much to offer. Overall, the TPB has already proven to hold a relatively high predictive value. But with the state of ecosystem services continuing to decline on a global scale, it's important for models of GPB to become more accurate and reliable. Better models have the capacity to help marketing professionals, product developers, and policy makers develop strategies for encouraging consumers to buy green products.
ContributorsRedd, Thomas Christopher (Author) / Dooley, Kevin (Thesis advisor) / Basile, George (Committee member) / Darnall, Nicole (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description本文对中国制药企业并购溢价影响因素进行了研究，提出了对制药企业并购非常重要的两个新的影响因素：可生产药品批文和在研新药批文。本文以2011年1月—2019年12月间我国制药行业上市公司并购事件为样本，对在研新药和可生产药品批文的价值从四个维度度量：是否有在研新药和可生产药品批文；在研新药数量及可生产药品批文数量；根据创新药和仿制药两个类别进行细分；标的企业所拥有的在研新药和可生产药品批文的市场价值。论文发现药品批文对企业并购溢价的影响不是很显著。进一步的，本文探究了药品批文对主并企业的对被并购公司的估值的影响。实证结果表明，我国制药企业在并购估值时确实会考虑到在研新药和可生产药品批文的价值。本文还发现对于可生产药品来说，相对创新药，被并购公司持有的仿制药批文影响更显著。而对于在研新药来说，主并企业更看重在研的创新药，在研仿制药对并购估值的影响不大。最后，本文选取了两个代表性案例进一步分析和探讨药品批文对企业并购的影响。
ContributorsYe, Tao (Author) / Shen, Wei (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Jiang, Zhan (Committee member) / Gu, Bin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description2020年，中国经济总量首次突破百万亿大关，位居全球经济总量排名第二，成为全球经济唯一正增长的经济体，实现了中国“增长奇迹”。但是，近年来企业普通员工收入的增长速度远低于社会经济发展的增长速度。二十一世纪是人才竞争的时代，企业转型升级发展的关键在于员工的自主创新能力。根据薪酬激励理论，企业为员工支付更高的薪酬可以调动员工的工作热情和积极性，增强员工的自主创新能力，提高企业创新绩效和企业价值。因此，本文试图研究员工薪酬与企业价值之间的关系，并探索创新绩效是否在其关系中起到中介效应作用。本文通过回顾和梳理国内外有关员工薪酬、创新绩效和企业价值三者关系的相关文献，结合该领域国内外学者的研究经验，以我国科创板上市的214家公司为本文研究的样本。在理论分析和经验研究的基础上，得出以下研究结果：
（1）在科创板上市公司的全样本中，回归结果发现，员工薪酬与企业价值呈显著正相关，员工薪酬与企业创新绩效呈显著正相关，创新绩效与企业价值呈显著正相关，创新绩效在员工薪酬与企业价值的关系中具有中介效应的作用。
（2）区分了企业产权性质后，在民营企业的样本组中，其回归结果发现与全样本组的回归结果基本一致。在非民营企业的样本组中，员工薪酬与创新绩效和企业价值的系数虽为正，但系数的P值并不显著，说明员工薪酬对创新绩效和企业价值都具有正向的激励作用，但不显著；创新绩效对企业价值具有正向的促进作用，但不显著；创新绩效在员工薪酬对企业价值的关系中不具有中介效应，而是起到了遮掩效应的作用。
（3）区分了企业经营所在地后，在非一线城市企业样本中，其回归结果发现与全样本的回归结果基本一致。在一线城市企业样本中，回归结果发现，员工薪酬的系数虽然为正，但P值不显著，说明员工薪酬对创新绩效和企业价值都具有正向的激励作用，但不显著；创新绩效与企业价值呈显著正向相关；创新绩效在员工薪酬对企业价值的关系中起到了遮掩效应。
ContributorsJin, Jian (Author) / Huang, Xiaochuan (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Li, Hongmin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description应收账款（Accounts Receivable）是企业在正常的经营过程中因销售商品、产品、提供劳务等业务，应向购买单位收取的款项，包括应由购买单位或接受劳务单位负担的税金、代购买方垫付的各种运杂费等。国内的工业制造业，由于产能过剩带来的产需不平衡、市场信誉危机带来的市场不规范以及历史供给关系等诸多问题的影响，形成了以买方市场为主的供需结构关系。企业为了提高资金周转效率、增大市场占有率，往往会选择以信用赊销为主的结算方式，造成应收账款激增。但是，应收账款的激增在提高企业账面利润、降低存货储备的同时，也无形中减少了企业的现金流量，造成企业真实盈利能力下降、偿还债务能力减弱、资金周转效率降低，加大企业经营风险。所以，如何有效管理应收账款，从而增加企业竞争力是每个企业发展过程中的重要课题。应收账款的管理不仅要在形成应收账款之后加大催收力度，形成多种多样、真实有效的回款方式，同时也要在合同签订、执行过程中加强风险管理力度。应收账款的信用风险管理已经成为现代企业管理中不可或缺的一部分。分析卧龙公司应收账款的成因与管理可以发现，赊销形成的应收账款占据极高比例，卧龙公司对于赊销管理缺乏有效的组织结构与保障体系，本研究从销售合同、客户特征属性、客户财务数据角度出发，研究合同条款、客户特征属性、客户财务数据与应收账款是否逾期的关系。研究发现，应收账款逾期的客户，每年的逾期原因都不一样，但是影响逾期的显性因素是很少的，这与电机行业作为传统制造业，受宏观经济周期影响相关，行业形势每年都面临较大的变化，但是另一方面，影响逾期的因素相对少意味着其实还是有办法找到主要原因的，只要可以提前预判出主要因素，并有针对性的采取预防措施，可以一定程度上缓解应收账款逾期的问题。从整体的逾期与否预测的逻辑回归模型看，无论使用单变量筛选的logistic回归模型，还是使用层次分析法确定的logistic回归模型，分类正确率都可以达到70%以上，使用本研究中提炼出来的变量，在历史数据中，模拟预测过程的效果很好，为解决应收账款逾期问题提供了有力的辅助工具，而且，层次分析法充分采纳了团队管理公司多年的经验，变量最后控制在15个以内，能实现与50多个变量类似的效果，甚至更佳，降价了模型维护的经济成本、实际使用的难度，也客观上给带领团队进行尝试提供了信心。本文研究成果可以辅助卧龙集团管理应收账款，为控制风险提供指导，具有一定的实践价值。
ContributorsPang, Xinyuan (Author) / Pei, Ker-Wei (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Zhu, Qigui (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description本文研究了产品和研发构成如何影响制药业被收购生物科技公司的并购溢价。研究结果如下。首先，拥有更多产品的目标公司获得更高的溢价。具体来说，这种影响来源于创新药物的数量。第二，目标公司的研发管线的数量与溢价没有明显的相关性。这一结果与强调了不同阶段研发管线携带的公共信息、风险和回报的文献相符。我的实证证据表明，II期管线（III期管线）的数量正向（负向）预测并购溢价。第三，创新产品和II期管线数量的影响部分地被制药业格局特有的协同效应所解释。此外，改良药数量也通过提高协同效应来创造溢价。本文结果对从业者具有参考价值。上述结论来自2010年至2021年的纳斯达克样本，对仍处于早期阶段的中国生物科技产业来说，可以作为一个重要的参考。
ContributorsGuo, Xiaobin (Author) / Zhu, David (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Jiang, Zhan (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description当前中国经济面临严峻挑战，新冠肺炎疫情的三年对于中国的许多产业造成了非常大的冲击。这些领域和薄弱环节需要大量的公共投资来实现复苏和发展。然而，由于公共投资存在“政府失灵”和“市场失灵”的问题，开发性金融的作用变得异常重要。通过寻找政府和市场的合适边界，并采用良好的组织变革和金融创新来修正两种失灵，开发性金融可以为经济复苏提供重要的可持续解决方案。本文围绕外国政府贷款在中国运作开发性金融项目这一核心话题展开：首先，本文定义了开发性金融项目的特点，并借助Coase和Hart的相关理论区分了商业银行、政策性银行和开发性金融机构之间的不同特征。其次，本文采用理论分析的方法，从组织变革、金融创新两个角度，对EKPAC在中国的外国政府贷款成功经营发展进行了深入剖析，并找到了背后可持续、可复制的理论模型。最后，本文使用实证分析的方法，基于手动收集的EKPAC的开发性金融项目数据，探究外国政府贷款对地方产业的投资的影响，并发现外国政府贷款的使用对当地外资企业的公司的固定资产投资率存在挤入效应，即每增加1%的外国政府贷款，会使得当地外企投资水平上升0.7%。这些挤入效应源于当地营商环境的提升，与Hart的合约理论中对合约保护的重视一致。最后，本文进一步研究了外国政府贷款对关键产业的长期影响。
本文所研究的外国政府贷款模式对开发性金融的国际化应用具有广泛的价值。
ContributorsLi, Sirong (Author) / Shao, Benjamin (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Pei, Ker-Wei (Committee member) / Yan, Hong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description政府引导基金的兴起是近十年中国创投实践中最重要的现象之一。根据投中数据统计，截至2020年，国内共成立1,349支政府引导基金，政府引导基金自身总规模达21,452亿元。然而，引导基金存在资源盘活问题，根据清科私募通数据显示，截至2019年11月底，57%的政府引导基金尚未发生过投资，而已投资的项目中，存在明显的和市场化资金争夺利益的情况，并未发挥引导效果，主要系其作为公共资本，与社会资本在创投引导基金的目标选择上存在冲突，社会资本追求利润最大化, 而公共资本则追求政府特定目标的实现，因而势必要求一定的补偿机制存在。什么样的影响？实践中应该选择什么样的补偿机制？对于这些问题，无论是引导基金的中国实践还是学术研究成果，均没有形成一致的看法。因此本文通过手动搜集整理各级引导基金管理方法，对目前我国实际应用的补偿机制设计作出分类，并以此基准运用实证分析的方法，首先确认了政府引导基金的正向补偿机制（收益奖励和亏损弥补）能够通过缓解社会资本与公共资本的目标冲突显著提升股权投资机构的投资效率和对当地的返投意愿，而明股实债作为一种负面机制则会显著削弱其投资效率和返投意愿。在此基础上，本文进一步考察不同补偿方式及其组合对创投效率产生的异质性影响，从而为政策制定者科学制定让利机制提供参考。此外，相比于参股国有背景创投机构而言，引导基金参股非国有背景股权投资机构时提供正向补偿机制，对其投资效率和返投意愿的提升作用更明显。本文拓宽了股权投资机构提升投资效率的战略选择，对引导基金主管部门选择补偿机制也有一定的参考意义。
ContributorsRu, Xiaoqin (Author) / Zhu, David (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Yan, Hong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description在我国绩效管理领域，国内企业目前大多仅适用客观评价指标，而往往忽略了更有弹性的主管评价等主观评价指标。但在世界范围内，随着绩效管理理论的不断发展，以平衡计分卡（BSC）为代表的新型绩效管理体系管理范围更加广泛，除了客观业绩之外，还将很多主观指标也纳入绩效评价系统内，并且得到了诸多跨国公司的引用。为了探究以主管评价为代表的主观指标与客观业绩之间的关系，本文以R公司为例，基于其内部的实际数据，分析了员工业绩与主管评价之间的相互关系。研究发现，员工历史客观业绩与主管评价呈正相关关系，且相较于员工长期客观业绩，这种关系在员工短期业绩中更加明显。基于此，研究还发现，主管历史评价与员工后期的客观业绩也呈正相关关系，且相较于前期主管评价，这种关系在当期主管评价中更加明显。除此之外，本文还发现主管和员工的性别差别和学历差别会同时减弱上述员工业绩与主管评价之间的正相关关系。综上，本文研究结果为企业设计和制定绩效考核标准提供了一定的参考，有助于企业更好地进行绩效体系的构建。
ContributorsJin, Tao (Author) / Shen, Wei (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Wu, Fei (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Non public offerings are common economic activities of enterprises. Enterprises that make non-public offerings can use the financing capital to purchase fixed assets and expand. From the perspective of enterprise innovation, with the continuous upgrading of market competition, enterprises may need new capital to upgrade their assets, or purchase key technology licenses, patents, and invest in start-ups in related industries. Therefore, there may be some correlation between economic activities and innovation. It is of great significance to understand the impact of economic activities and analyze the influencing factors of innovation performance for how to better promote innovation. This paper increases the consideration of the impact of non-public issuance on innovation, and further find out the impact mechanism of innovation. Although there is positive relationship between non-public issuance and invention patents and utility models, with the relationship with utility models is significant at the 5% level, considering the endogeneity of this relationship remains significant only in the DID model. In the sub samples of non-public issuance plans, the success of issuance also becomes insignificant. Under the instrumental variable method, the conclusion of the benchmark model is supported, and in the sub samples of non-public issuance plans, the success of issuance is still not significant. In the lag phase inspection, non-public issuance promotes the improvement of utility model patents in enterprises. The asset liability ratio of enterprises has certain positive moderating effect on the relationship between non-public issuance and corporate innovation, but this effect only holds across the entire sample range. In the subsample, this conclusion is not true. The moderating effects of R&D ratio, whether there are cash transactions, and whether major shareholders participate are not significant. Companies with low public offering price ratios, i.e. those with high discounts, may experience a decrease in their innovation after successful issuance. These companies are relatively inferior in the market and attract non-public investors with high discounts. They cannot create good innovation, while good innovative companies have lower discounts on non-public offerings. After raising funds, companies increase their R&D, Promote further innovation achievements.
ContributorsFeng, Guoliang (Author) / Wang, Yimin (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Yan, Hong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
This dissertation adopts a multi-case study method to conduct in-depth research on the competence of CEOs of several joint ventures between a leading company in the electric vehicle charging industry in China and various agencies of the Chinese government. It develops a theoretical model, highlighting how the competence of CEOs affects the market dominance of these joint ventures. The theoretical model proposes that CEOs with three competencies - firm goals, trustworthiness, and high professionalism - can achieve market dominance by efficiently managing alliance partners and management teams. Managing alliance partners requires identifying and meeting their needs, unifying them, and firmly implementing resolutions; managing teams requires building cross-institutional teams, establishing effective performance valuation channels, and promoting a unified multicultural mindset. Additionally, the model underscores two boundary conditions: complementary resources between alliance partners and strategic consensus between them. The main contribution of this study is to construct a theoretical model for general managers to achieve market dominance under mixed ownership, expanding and deepening research on strategic leadership in strategic alliances, and contributing new content to the innovation of business models in the electric vehicle charging industry.
ContributorsKong, Manqing (Author) / Zhu, David (Thesis advisor) / Chang, Chun (Thesis advisor) / Zhu, Qigui (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024