ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.
In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.
Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at gradformat@asu.edu.
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- Creators: Kannan, Arunachala Mada
Description
Tire blowout often occurs during driving, which can suddenly disturb vehicle motions and seriously threaten road safety. Currently, there is still a lack of effective methods to mitigate tire blowout risks in everyday traffic, even for automated vehicles. To fundamentally study and systematically resolve the tire blowout issue for automated vehicles, a collaborative project between General Motors (GM) and Arizona State University (ASU) has been conducted since 2018. In this dissertation, three main contributions of this project will be presented. First, to explore vehicle dynamics with tire blowout impacts and establish an effective simulation platform for close-loop control performance evaluation, high-fidelity tire blowout models are thoroughly developed by explicitly considering important vehicle parameters and variables. Second, since human cooperation is required to control Level 2/3 partially automated vehicles (PAVs), novel shared steering control schemes are specifically proposed for tire blowout to ensure safe vehicle stabilization via cooperative driving. Third, for Level 4/5 highly automated vehicles (HAVs) without human control, the development of control-oriented vehicle models, controllability study, and automatic control designs are performed based on impulsive differential systems (IDS) theories.
Co-simulations Matlab/Simulink® and CarSim® are conducted to validate performances of all models and control designs proposed in this dissertation. Moreover, a scaled test vehicle at ASU and a full-size test vehicle at GM are well instrumented for data collection and control implementation. Various tire blowout experiments for different scenarios are conducted for more rigorous validations. Consequently, the proposed high-fidelity tire blowout models can correctly and more accurately describe vehicle motions upon tire blowout. The developed shared steering control schemes for PAVs and automatic control designs for HAVs can effectively stabilize a vehicle to maintain path following performance in the driving lane after tire blowout.
In addition to new research findings and developments in this dissertation, a pending patent for tire blowout detection is also generated in the tire blowout project. The obtained research results have attracted interest from automotive manufacturers and could have a significant impact on driving safety enhancement for automated vehicles upon tire blowout.
ContributorsLi, Ao (Author) / Chen, Yan (Thesis advisor) / Berman, Spring (Committee member) / Kannan, Arunachala Mada (Committee member) / Liu, Yongming (Committee member) / Lin, Wen-Chiao (Committee member) / Marvi, Hamidreza (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
Commercial Li-ion cells (18650: Li4Ti5O12 anodes and LiCoO2 cathodes) were subjected to simulated Electric Vehicle (EV) conditions using various driving patterns such as aggressive driving, highway driving, air conditioning load, and normal city driving. The particular drive schedules originated from the Environment Protection Agency (EPA), including the SC-03, UDDS, HWFET, US-06 drive schedules, respectively. These drive schedules have been combined into a custom drive cycle, named the AZ-01 drive schedule, designed to simulate a typical commute in the state of Arizona. The battery cell cycling is conducted at various temperature settings (0, 25, 40, and 50 °C). At 50 °C, under the AZ-01 drive schedule, a severe inflammation was observed in the cells that led to cell failure. Capacity fading under AZ-01 drive schedule at 0 °C per 100 cycles is found to be 2%. At 40 °C, 3% capacity fading is observed per 100 cycles under the AZ-01 drive schedule. Modeling and prediction of discharge rate capability of batteries is done using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). High-frequency resistance values (HFR) increased with cycling under the AZ-01 drive schedule at 40 °C and 0 °C. The research goal for this thesis is to provide performance analysis and life cycle data for Li4Ti5O12 (Lithium Titanite) battery cells in simulated Arizona conditions. Future work involves an evaluation of second-life opportunities for cells that have met end-of-life criteria in EV applications.
ContributorsAbdelhay, Reem (Author) / Kannan, Arunachala Mada (Thesis advisor) / Wishart, Jeffrey (Committee member) / Nam, Changho (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018
Description
The automotive industry is committed to moving towards sustainable modes of transportation through electrified vehicles to improve the fuel economy with a reduced carbon footprint. In this context, battery-operated hybrid, plug-in hybrid and all-electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming commercially viable throughout the world. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with various active materials, electrolytes, and separators are currently being used for electric vehicle applications. Specifically, lithium-ion batteries with Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4 - LFP) and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (Li(NiMnCo)O2 - NMC) cathodes are being studied mainly due to higher cycle life and higher energy density values, respectively. In the present work, 26650 Li-ion batteries with LFP and NMC cathodes were evaluated for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) applications, using the Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS) to discharge the batteries with 20 A current in simulated Arizona, USA weather conditions (50 ⁰C & <10% RH). In addition, 18650 lithium-ion batteries (LFP cathode material) were evaluated under PHEV mode with 30 A current to accelerate the ageing process, and to monitor the capacity values and material degradation. To offset the high initial cost of the batteries used in electric vehicles, second-use of these retired batteries is gaining importance, and the possibility of second-life use of these tested batteries was also examined under constant current charge/discharge cycling at 50 ⁰C.
The capacity degradation rate under the PHEV test protocol for batteries with NMC-based cathode (16% over 800 cycles) was twice the degradation compared to batteries with LFP-based cathode (8% over 800 cycles), reiterating the fact that batteries with LFP cathodes have a higher cycle life compared to other lithium battery chemistries. Also, the high frequency resistance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to increase significantly with cycling, leading to power fading for both the NMC- as well as LFP-based batteries. The active materials analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed no significant phase change in the materials after 800 PHEV cycles. For second-life tests, these batteries were subjected to a constant charge-discharge cycling procedure to analyze the capacity degradation and materials characteristics.
The capacity degradation rate under the PHEV test protocol for batteries with NMC-based cathode (16% over 800 cycles) was twice the degradation compared to batteries with LFP-based cathode (8% over 800 cycles), reiterating the fact that batteries with LFP cathodes have a higher cycle life compared to other lithium battery chemistries. Also, the high frequency resistance measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was found to increase significantly with cycling, leading to power fading for both the NMC- as well as LFP-based batteries. The active materials analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed no significant phase change in the materials after 800 PHEV cycles. For second-life tests, these batteries were subjected to a constant charge-discharge cycling procedure to analyze the capacity degradation and materials characteristics.
ContributorsVaidya, Rutvik Milind (Author) / Kannan, Arunachala Mada (Thesis advisor) / Alford, Terry (Committee member) / Wishart, Jeffrey (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017