ETDs

This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.

In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.

Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at gradformat@asu.edu.

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Novel Computational Algorithms for Imaging Biomarker Identification

Description
Over the past few decades, medical imaging is becoming important in medicine for disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment assessment and health monitoring. As medical imaging has progressed, imaging biomarkers are being rapidly developed for early diagnosis and staging of disease. Detecting and segmenting objects from images are often the first steps…

Over the past few decades, medical imaging is becoming important in medicine for disease diagnosis, prognosis, treatment assessment and health monitoring. As medical imaging has progressed, imaging biomarkers are being rapidly developed for early diagnosis and staging of disease. Detecting and segmenting objects from images are often the first steps in quantitative measurement of these biomarkers. While large objects can often be automatically or semi-automatically delineated, segmenting small objects (blobs) is challenging. The small object of particular interest in this dissertation are glomeruli from kidney magnetic resonance (MR) images. This problem has its unique challenges. First of all, the size of glomeruli is extremely small and very similar with noises from images. Second, there are massive of glomeruli in kidney, e.g. over 1 million glomeruli in human kidney, and the intensity distribution is heterogenous. A third recognized issue is that a large portion of glomeruli are overlapping and touched in images. The goal of this dissertation is to develop computational algorithms to identify and discover glomeruli related imaging biomarkers. The first phase is to develop a U-net joint with Hessian based Difference of Gaussians (UH-DoG) blob detector. Joining effort from deep learning alleviates the over-detection issue from Hessian analysis. Next, as extension of UH-DoG, a small blob detector using Bi-Threshold Constrained Adaptive Scales (BTCAS) is proposed. Deep learning is treated as prior of Difference of Gaussian (DoG) to improve its efficiency. By adopting BTCAS, under-segmentation issue of deep learning is addressed. The second phase is to develop a denoising convexity-consistent Blob Generative Adversarial Network (BlobGAN). BlobGAN could achieve high denoising performance and selectively denoise the image without affecting the blobs. These detectors are validated on datasets of 2D fluorescent images, 3D synthetic images, 3D MR (18 mice, 3 humans) images and proved to be outperforming the competing detectors. In the last phase, a Fréchet Descriptors Distance based Coreset approach (FDD-Coreset) is proposed for accelerating BlobGAN’s training. Experiments have shown that BlobGAN trained on FDD-Coreset not only significantly reduces the training time, but also achieves higher denoising performance and maintains approximate performance of blob identification compared with training on entire dataset.
ContributorsXu, Yanzhe (Author) / Wu, Teresa (Thesis advisor) / Iquebal, Ashif (Committee member) / Yan, Hao (Committee member) / Beeman, Scott (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
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Novel Deep Learning Models for Medical Imaging Analysis

Description
Deep learning is a sub-field of machine learning in which models are developed to imitate the workings of the human brain in processing data and creating patterns for decision making. This dissertation is focused on developing deep learning models for medical imaging analysis of different modalities for different tasks including…

Deep learning is a sub-field of machine learning in which models are developed to imitate the workings of the human brain in processing data and creating patterns for decision making. This dissertation is focused on developing deep learning models for medical imaging analysis of different modalities for different tasks including detection, segmentation and classification. Imaging modalities including digital mammography (DM), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) are studied in the dissertation for various medical applications. The first phase of the research is to develop a novel shallow-deep convolutional neural network (SD-CNN) model for improved breast cancer diagnosis. This model takes one type of medical image as input and synthesizes different modalities for additional feature sources; both original image and synthetic image are used for feature generation. This proposed architecture is validated in the application of breast cancer diagnosis and proved to be outperforming the competing models. Motivated by the success from the first phase, the second phase focuses on improving medical imaging synthesis performance with advanced deep learning architecture. A new architecture named deep residual inception encoder-decoder network (RIED-Net) is proposed. RIED-Net has the advantages of preserving pixel-level information and cross-modality feature transferring. The applicability of RIED-Net is validated in breast cancer diagnosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) staging. Recognizing medical imaging research often has multiples inter-related tasks, namely, detection, segmentation and classification, my third phase of the research is to develop a multi-task deep learning model. Specifically, a feature transfer enabled multi-task deep learning model (FT-MTL-Net) is proposed to transfer high-resolution features from segmentation task to low-resolution feature-based classification task. The application of FT-MTL-Net on breast cancer detection, segmentation and classification using DM images is studied. As a continuing effort on exploring the transfer learning in deep models for medical application, the last phase is to develop a deep learning model for both feature transfer and knowledge from pre-training age prediction task to new domain of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD conversion prediction task. It is validated in the application of predicting MCI patients’ conversion to AD with 3D MRI images.
ContributorsGao, Fei (Author) / Wu, Teresa (Thesis advisor) / Li, Jing (Committee member) / Yan, Hao (Committee member) / Patel, Bhavika (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019