Matching Items (1,082)
Description
Fumonisins are fungal metabolites found in corn and cereals. Fumonisins pose health risks, including suspected carcinogenicity, yet their mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. While modifications in the human gut microbiome can impact host health, the effects of fumonisins on the microbiome are not well understood. Thus, our study aimed to assess a possible dose-response relationship between fumonisin B1 (FB1) and the gut microbiome. We utilized in vitro anaerobic bioreactors with media simulating most of the nutrients in the human large intestine, inoculated them with fecal samples from 19 healthy adults and treated them with FB1 at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ppb. Analyses of bioreactor headspace revealed declining methane production over time, possibly influenced by the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Significant differences in acetic acid production were observed in 10 ppb reactor (Day 2) and 100 ppb reactor (Day 8) when compared to 0 ppb control. Microbiome analysis showed minimal shifts in microbial relative abundances during FB1 treatment, except for Desulfovibrio desulfuricans C at Day 8 when compared between 0 ppb and 10 ppb as well as 10 ppb and 1000 ppb at Day 16. Alpha diversity analyses indicated significant differences in observed features within bioreactors of different treatments, with some variation in Faith’s Phylogenetic Diversity between the 0 ppb and 10 ppb bioreactors. Beta diversity analyses, however, revealed no significant differences between bioreactors. Overall, our findings suggest no clear dose-response relationship between FB1 treatment and gut microbiome composition/functions. The presence of DMSO may have obscured potential effects. This research will help contribute to our understanding of mycotoxicity influence on the human gut microbiome.
ContributorsSanchez Carreon, Aurely (Author) / Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa (Thesis director) / Cheng, Qiwen (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Curanderismo can be defined as a blend between ancient Aztec natural healing methods and modern day Catholicism. Today, it is practiced through various techniques, which can be observed in yerberias. Upon visiting these yerberias, the attendants were interviewed to understand which products are commonly sold, what they are used to treat, and the cultural significance behind the practice. After purchasing a number of products from each yerberia, a literature analysis of potential biochemical pathways was conducted to determine if these products have efficacy in what they treat. While potential pathways were found for a number of the products, it has been determined that further clinical research must be conducted to state whether these products are effective in treatment.
ContributorsDickey, Erin (Author) / Mullenmeister, William (Co-author) / Breitweiser, Mya (Co-author) / Holechek, Susan (Thesis director) / Redding, Kevin (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Sustainability has become an increasingly important field over the past few decades, especially in relation to the field of urban planning and development. Sustainable communities play a pivotal role in balancing residents' current and future needs while nurturing diversity within the community. Elements such as economic diversity, mixed land use, walkability, green spaces, varying age groups, and efficient resource and service provision cultivate sustainable communities that encourage residents to age in place. Urban planning is focused on promoting the presence of these elements in communities, but the process of turning them into reality is often difficult due to existing infrastructure, lack of resources, and failure to receive government approval. When communities fail to provide residents with the facilities necessary to foster sustainability, instability often follows as residents do not favor aging in place in communities that do not meet their current needs or will not meet their future needs. Accessory dwelling units have emerged as a strategy for encouraging and allowing aging in place to occur in the United States. Some states have legalized the development of these units to increase urban density and to provide affordable housing options in cities where residents might not be able to afford other options. Accessory dwelling units are a potential solution to address the housing affordability crisis in Hawaii by encouraging aging in place and supporting multigenerational families. Encouraging aging in place allows Hawaiian communities to become more sustainable by supporting multiple generations. Hawaii is one of the states that have legalized accessory dwelling units to address issues in the state housing market, which has provided the state with a new opportunity to experiment with an affordable housing solution that aligns with the state’s cultural values. The island state of Hawaii provides a unique opportunity to dissect the importance of sustainable communities and aging in place. Native Hawaiians place tremendous cultural emphasis on the family unit, which makes the state an excellent place to encourage sustainable design in communities to facilitate aging in place. Hawaii has struggled to develop sustainable communities historically with a growing tourism industry that provides significant revenue to the state government playing a large role in the state’s housing market. This has contributed to an unsustainable situation in Hawaii where it has become more difficult to age in place over time. Given this situation, this report will address the following research question:
What factors limit the ability of Hawaiians to “age in place” and how might accessory dwelling units help promote an environment of sustainable communities in Hawaii that fosters such aging in place?
To address this question, the existing literature will be utilized to highlight areas that promote housing affordability and aging in place as well as to highlight areas that are detrimental to aging in place across the state and at the county level. This thesis seeks to provide context for the factors that have prevented sustainable community development by conducting a literature review that encompasses the current state of housing development in Hawaii. Data from the University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization will be used to portray the current state of housing development in each Hawaiian county. My methods will examine how the state of Hawaii has previously utilized accessory dwelling units and discuss the potential for these developments given the statewide barriers Hawaiians face and the connection between Hawaiian culture and these units.
ContributorsStrydom, Dylan (Author) / Kelley, Jason (Thesis director) / Pfeiffer, Deirdre (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Misincorporation of uracil bases into DNA can lead to mutations after transcription. Uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) is an enzyme that removes uracil bases from DNA, leaving an apurinic/apyrimidinic site. Different efficiencies of uracil base removal by UDG have been observed at different sites in DNA. A previous study found that UDG has a higher specificity constant for DNA sequences that are more flexible, specifically that those with uracil in a context of thymine adjacent on the 5’ side and adenine adjacent on the 3’ side (TUA sequence) bound UDG better than those with an adenine adjacent on the 5’ side and thymine adjacent on the 3’ side (AUT sequence) context. The purpose of this study is to expand the previous one by determining whether the ratios observed between TUA and AUT specificity constants within DNA sequences that are otherwise the same are also observed across a third sequence context that was not included in the first study. The hypothesis that same ratio would be observed is somewhat supported as the new sequence has a specificity constant of 1.24±0.043 ✕ 107 M-1s-1. However, conclusions to be drawn from this are limited by the wide margin of error seen among trials of the same concentrations.
ContributorsEngelken, Rylee (Author) / Levitus, Marcia (Thesis director) / Klein-Seetharaman, Judith (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Tempe City Roots is an upcoming music festival that aims to promote sustainability and community in the City of Tempe. Accessibility has been notably absent from the ideation process for this festival, despite being essential for a sustainable and community-oriented festival. Equity and justice are core to sustainability and disabled people are important members of the Tempe community. I have undergone a thorough research and ideation process to create nine accessibility-centered ideas for Tempe City Roots based on the thoughts and experiences of the disabled community. These ideas would make Tempe City Roots more accessible and inclusive for all, and allow each attendee to have a safe and enjoyable experience.
ContributorsColucci, Melody (Author) / Reeves, James Scott (Thesis director) / Kuhn, Anthony (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor)
Created2024-05
DescriptionSecondhand Saves repurposes donated clothes by giving them the new purpose of sustainability education through attaching embroidered patches made from recycled plastic.
ContributorsBullock, Jessica (Author) / Byrne, Jared (Thesis director) / Giles, Charles (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Graphic Information Technology (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / Hugh Downs School of Human Communication (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This duo thesis is an autoethnography of what it means to be Filipino-American in the United States. Being raised in varying backgrounds yet with the similarity of being Filipino, there are aspects of our lives that are simultaneously similar and different. The goal of this project is the exploration of one’s cultural, familial and personal identities and how they intersect with their individuality and sense of belonging. Through this project, we documented our experience as Filipinos in the United States and our travel back to the Philippines and showcased it through videos. It is a means to document our reflections on this project to share with the Filipino community and individuals who share the same sentiments.
ContributorsTamayo, Rianne Daisy (Author) / Onayan, Youla Tricia (Co-author) / O'Flaherty, Katherine (Thesis director) / Fedock, Rachel (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This duo thesis is an autoethnography of what it means to be Filipino-American in the United States. Being raised in varying backgrounds yet with the similarity of being Filipino, there are aspects of our lives that are simultaneously similar and different. The goal of this project is the exploration of one’s cultural, familial and personal identities and how they intersect with their individuality and sense of belonging. Through this project, we documented our experience as Filipinos in the United States and our travel back to the Philippines and showcased it through videos. It is a means to document our reflections on this project to share with the Filipino community and individuals who share the same sentiments.
ContributorsOnayan, Youla Tricia (Author) / Tamayo, Rianne Daisy (Co-author) / O'Flaherty, Katherine (Thesis director) / Fedock, Rachel (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
The boarding school system heavily impacted the structure and mental wellness of the
Diné (Navajo) Nation, and these effects can still be felt today across Indian country in the
Southwest. To this day, the general public is not fully aware of how much the Diné community
has suffered from this system. Generally, in American history books, you will not find a chapter
on the Trail of Tears or the Long Walk, which are devastating moments in history of the tribal
communities affected. Nor will you find a chapter on boarding schools and the founding of the
Carlisle Indian School which shaped the standard for American educational systems. The stories of the boarding school system and the forced assimilation of indigenous communities are not common knowledge in mainstream society. Many of these stories do not exist outside of Indigenous communities. The purpose of this thesis is to identify who were the perpetrators of the boarding school system and who were the victims, while proving that Indigenous people
today are still closely connected to their culture and were not completely assimilated. This thesis will identify how boarding school trauma impacted the Diné people of the Navajo tribe and Indigenous peoples across the southwest region between the Four Sacred Mountains: Mount Blanca in south-central Colorado, Mount Taylor in Grants, New Mexico, the San Francisco peaks in Flagstaff, Arizona, and Mount Hesperus near Durango, Colorado. The Diné concepts of K’é and Hózhó are discussed as methods of survivance employed by Diné boarding school survivors and their descendants.
ContributorsTsosie, Autumn (Author) / Lynch, John (Thesis director) / Fixico, Donald (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Cryptotephra (microscopic volcanic ash) has had significant contributions towards constructing and refining age models and correlating archaeological sites for decades. This thesis will report on cryptotephra from the archaeological site of Kathu Pan, specifically from sinkhole 6, located on the southern edge of the Kalahari basin in the Northern Cape of South Africa. I will investigate the potential of cryptotephra from the Holocene layers of Kathu Pan (KP6) to test the current age model and source it to a specific region and a specific eruption. Both of the samples in this study, kp6-55-70 and kp6-75-90, are high silica rhyolites that date to the Holocene. Based on the geochemical findings, both samples have potential to be sourced from the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER), Guatemala, Indonesia, and New Zealand. The primary sourcing was focused on the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) and the Turkana Basin in Kenya. Evidence suggests that kp6-75-90 is likely to have originated from the Turkana basin, meanwhile kp6-55-70 requires further sourcing in order to confidently correlate it to a region and an eruption. Further research needs to be completed in order to refine the age model at Kathu Pan 6.
ContributorsCurtiss, Julia (Author) / Campisano, Christopher (Thesis director) / Hirniak, Jayde (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor)
Created2024-05