Matching Items (423)
Description
Research regarding typical English language development in children who are bilingual is of interest for speech-language pathologists, but often this information is not available to them. As a result, many individuals find themselves believing false stereotypes about children who are bilingual, such as the idea that bilingualism causes developmental delay or disorders. For example, individuals do not realize the differences in past tense development for bilingual children versus monolingual children, a form that is often difficult for monolingual English-speaking children with developmental language delays. By focusing on a specific aspect of language development, such as English past tense acquisition of children who are bilingual, and observing changes in MLU and grammaticality that accompany acquisition, this study seeks to increase the existing knowledge on bilingualism and language development. Specifically, we will answer the following questions: a) At which grade level do Spanish-English bilingual children master English past tense after they enter English-only schooling in preschool? b) What types of errors do the children make with regular past tense? c) what types of errors do they make with irregular past tense? and d) What is the level of English grammaticality and MLUw at each grade level in English after children enter preschool? This study examined past-tense accuracy, MLU, and grammaticality development over a period of 5 years, in 13 children who were participants in a larger project called the Language and Reading Research Consortium (LARRC). Children were followed from preschool to third grade. They provided a yearly language sample by retelling one of the wordless Marianna Meyer and Mercer Meyer frog books, such as Frog on His Own or A Boy a Dog a Frog and a Friend. The language samples were then transcribed, coded, and analyzed using the Systematic Analysis of Language Transcripts (SALT) software. Results indicate that children progressively improved over the years, with children reaching over 80% accuracy with past tense by year 3 or first grade; they demonstrated the most improvement in MLU between years 2 to 3 and years 3 to 4; and they showed a gradual improvement in grammaticality each year, with the exception of no increase between years 4 to 5. Findings from the study indicate that there is leveling in all three areas after 2nd grade. These results contribute to our understanding of normal English language development in bilingual children and may improve assessment when we evaluate their performance in English as a second language.
ContributorsEdem, Stephanie (Author) / Restrepo, M. Adelaida (Thesis director) / Weinhold, Juliet (Committee member) / Pierce, Melissa (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor, Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12
Description
In 2017, the last full year before the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 (PASPA) was overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States, over $4.8 billion was legally gambled on sports in Nevada alone. This number pales in comparison to the estimated $150 billion that is gambled illegally on sports in the United States every year (Liptak, Draper). These numbers have continually grown year-over-year as the interest and demand in sports gambling has steadily increased. This trend will continue s states begin to legalize sports gambling and gambling operators set-up shop, allowing hundreds of thousands of people who had never placed a bet because of its limited access to now be able to do so. As fans begin to place legal bets on sporting events, there will be three types of fans who place bets: those who will never place a bet on a game involving their favorite team, those who will bet on games involving their favorite team but never against their favorite team, and those who will place bets on games involving and against their favorite team. This project explores how the modern sports fan will be impacted by the widespread legalization of sports gambling throughout the United States of America. As fans are able to place legal sports bets through their phones, computers, or at local sportsbooks and casinos, it will be interesting to see if the loyalty they have towards their favorite team remains as strong as ever or becomes divided between their favorite team and sports bets.
ContributorsGoldstein, Matthew (Author) / McIntosh, Daniel (Thesis director) / Eaton, John (Committee member) / WPC Graduate Programs (Contributor) / School of Accountancy (Contributor) / Department of Information Systems (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
A growing body of research suggest that experiencing racial discrimination is associated with the development of mental health problems. Lee and Ahn (2011) conducted a meta-analysis that documented the relationship between racial discrimination and psychopathology, including depressive symptoms among Asian Americans. However, evidence of an increase in racial discrimination in the last decade requires examining to what degree its link to depressive symptoms has changed since Lee and Ahn (2011)’s seminal study. To address this issue, I conducted a systematic review of research on racial discrimination and depressive symptoms among Asian Americans from 2009-2019 in the United States. I used PsycINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global to perform my search. My aims were to: 1) understand the relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms, 2) understand how studies vary across sex, age, measures, socioeconomic and ethnic subgroup (e.g., Chinese Americans, Vietnamese Americans). My results demonstrated that the relationship between racial discrimination and depressive symptoms was primarily positive. Factors regarding sex, age, measures, and socioeconomic status varied across studies. Future research should focus more on current issues regarding Asian Americans and use meta-analytic techniques to further investigate any potential moderators such as socioeconomic status and ethnic subgroups.
ContributorsWaddington, Margaret Mary (Author) / Causadias, José (Thesis director) / Korous, Kevin (Committee member) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The purpose of this thesis project is to analyze the impact that patient death has on long-term care providers. This study draws upon my own experience working as a licensed nursing assistant in a long-term care facility and also uses a qualitative analysis of six semi-structured interviews with other nursing assistants and hospice volunteers. With patient death being an unavoidable part of working in this area of healthcare, I explore how these care providers cope with losing their patients and the effectiveness of these coping mechanisms. Some strategies found that aided in coping with grief included staying detached from patients, being distracted by other aspects of the job, receiving support from co-workers, family members and/or supervisors, and having a religious outlook on what happens following death. In addition to these, I argue that care providers also utilize the unconscious defense mechanism of repression to avoid their feelings of grief and guilt. Repressing the grief and emotions that come along with patient death can protect the individual from additional pain in order for them to continue to do their difficult jobs. Being distracted by other patients also aids in the repression process by avoiding personal feelings temporarily. I also look into factors that have been found to affect the level of grief including the caregiver’s closeness to the patient, level of preparedness for the death, and first experience of losing a patient. Ultimately, I show that the common feelings accompanied by patient death (sadness, anger and stress) and the occurrence of burnout are harmful symptoms of the repression taking place.
ContributorsMasterson, Kaitlin (Author) / Loebenberg, Abby (Thesis director) / Mack, Robert (Committee member) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Geographical Influences on Parental Decision for Child's Secondary Education from a Race Perspective
Description
The objective of this research project was to explore how lower-income, Latinx parents make decisions about where their child will attend high school and the factors that influence choosing out-of-district or in-district (public, charter or private) high schools. Research on parental choice of schooling often finds that parents’ education and income make a difference in school choice decisions with higher-income parents relying more on social networks for information and lower-income parents relying more on school-based information (e.g., Bosetti, 2004; Holme, 2002). Researchers have also found that how information is presented and understood also plays a part in school choice (IES, 2018).
However, less information is available on how Latinx parents receive information and the factors that play a part in their schooling decisions. This project focused on how Latinx parents weight information about their local high schools versus other school choices. The research revolving around Latinx families and high school choice matters because most research in the education sector does not involve minority groups, such as the Latinx and Hispanic communities specifically in Laveen. The key research questions are: Why do Latinx parents send their children to in-district high schools when those schools have poorer test scores? Why do parents send their children out of district high schools? What information and resources are used by parents to help make their decision in the process? How do student perspectives play a part in the decision?
Data was gathered through an on-line survey of parents about factors that play a part in the choice of high school. In-person case studies of four families also showed the detail of the specific ways that sources of information, personal networks, child input, and other factors influence the school choice process. I found that parents sent their children to their designated in-district high school because it was the closest available option that led to the most convenience in regards to commuting. On the other hand, I found that parents sent their child to an out of district high school because of the resources they used, which consisted of mostly family and other social networks that had attended or were currently attending that high school. Overall, the students’ perspective at the time when the decision was made played an important role in almost all of the case studies. All of the children were included at least somewhat and their input was taken into consideration if and when possible. Also, a geographical analysis of Laveen that includes the income levels, education levels, and high schools available in the area is interpreted. Through the maps completed by Social Explorer, the data used is from 2018, and it was filtered from the Hispanic population in Laveen from the non-Hispanic population to add more emphasis on a specific ethnicity.
However, less information is available on how Latinx parents receive information and the factors that play a part in their schooling decisions. This project focused on how Latinx parents weight information about their local high schools versus other school choices. The research revolving around Latinx families and high school choice matters because most research in the education sector does not involve minority groups, such as the Latinx and Hispanic communities specifically in Laveen. The key research questions are: Why do Latinx parents send their children to in-district high schools when those schools have poorer test scores? Why do parents send their children out of district high schools? What information and resources are used by parents to help make their decision in the process? How do student perspectives play a part in the decision?
Data was gathered through an on-line survey of parents about factors that play a part in the choice of high school. In-person case studies of four families also showed the detail of the specific ways that sources of information, personal networks, child input, and other factors influence the school choice process. I found that parents sent their children to their designated in-district high school because it was the closest available option that led to the most convenience in regards to commuting. On the other hand, I found that parents sent their child to an out of district high school because of the resources they used, which consisted of mostly family and other social networks that had attended or were currently attending that high school. Overall, the students’ perspective at the time when the decision was made played an important role in almost all of the case studies. All of the children were included at least somewhat and their input was taken into consideration if and when possible. Also, a geographical analysis of Laveen that includes the income levels, education levels, and high schools available in the area is interpreted. Through the maps completed by Social Explorer, the data used is from 2018, and it was filtered from the Hispanic population in Laveen from the non-Hispanic population to add more emphasis on a specific ethnicity.
ContributorsRodriguez, Briana (Author) / Nakagawa, Kathryn (Thesis director) / Shabazz, Rashad (Committee member) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / School of Social Transformation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The rates of anxiety, depression, and attempted suicide for transgender individuals are extremely elevated relative to the general population. Yet, little research has been conducted about the transgender population regarding social transition (an individual presenting as their authentic/true gender, one different than the gender they were assigned at birth, in the context of everyday life) and parental acceptance. Both of which have been shown to impact the mental health of transgender individuals. The purposes of this study were: (1) To characterize a sample of transgender adults on their age of awareness of their authentic gender identity and their age of social transition. (2) Examine whether age of social transition, (3) parental acceptance, and (4) the gap in time between age of awareness and age of social transition (awareness-transition gap) were related to mental health. (5) Examine whether parental acceptance was related to age of social transition or to awareness-transition gap. (6) Examine whether age of social transition or awareness-transition gap interact with parental acceptance as correlates of mental health. The sample consisted of 115 transgender adults, ages 18 to 64. Measures were separated into 7 subheadings: demographics, transgender
on-cisgender identity, age of awareness, age of social transition, primary caregiver acceptance, secondary caregiver acceptance, and mental health. Hypotheses were partially supported for age of social transition with mental health, parental acceptance with mental health, and awareness-transition gap with parental acceptance. This study investigated under studied concepts of social transition and parental acceptance that appear to have an effect on the mental health of transgender adults.
on-cisgender identity, age of awareness, age of social transition, primary caregiver acceptance, secondary caregiver acceptance, and mental health. Hypotheses were partially supported for age of social transition with mental health, parental acceptance with mental health, and awareness-transition gap with parental acceptance. This study investigated under studied concepts of social transition and parental acceptance that appear to have an effect on the mental health of transgender adults.
ContributorsRosenberg, Beth Ann (Author) / Gonzales, Nancy (Thesis director) / Saenz, Delia (Committee member) / Davis, Mary (Committee member) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / College of Public Service and Community Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
Suspect classification is a judicial process by which classes of people are determined as either suspect, quasi-suspect, or not suspect at all due to a combination of five factors: 1) minority status, 2) discrimination history, 3) political powerlessness, 4) an immutable trait, and 5) trait relevance as it relates to a discriminatory law in question. Laws that discriminate against a suspect class become immediately subject to strict scrutiny while most discriminatory laws only need to pass a rational basis test. Craig v. Boren (1976) established a precedent for the class of sex, which thereafter became subject to an intermediate level of scrutiny as a quasi-suspect class. With a more visible distinction between sex and gender today, this study seeks to determine whether gender rather than sex may become protected through heightened scrutiny by applying factors for suspect classification. In a call for heightened scrutiny for both gender and sex, this thesis argues that the suspect classification of both classes should include combinations of subclasses between gender, sex, and any other protected class. The central thesis employs a content analysis of case law, statutory law, and administrative law as it discriminates against classes of people with varying protection under the court system in the United States. In the question of whether courts should protect gender with suspect classification, the main argument calls for such action but if and only if an intersectional approach to protecting gender along with sex at a heightened level of judicial scrutiny is applied by individual judges on higher courts of review.
ContributorsTorres, Cristian Jesus (Author) / Hoekstra, Valerie (Thesis director) / Durfee, Alesha (Committee member) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor) / Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (Contributor) / School of Social Transformation (Contributor) / School of Public Affairs (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
Within sports films, there is a noticeable lack of female characters, whether they are acting as the protagonist athletes or as support to male protagonist athletes. This project analyzes the way female characters and their sexualities are represented when they are featured in sports films. An investigation into seven films, A League of Their Own, Bend It Like Beckham, Bring It On, Bull Durham, Rocky, Stick It, and The Sandlot, which feature female characters and references to their sexualities, was conducted. These films represent themes of hypersexualization, sexual stereotypes, and adolescence. These themes contribute to ideas then presented in sports films that female sexuality is an obstacle to athletic achievement, for both men and women. This paper highlights the ways female sexuality is painted to be a distraction, burden, or jinx to the athletes and those around them. This analysis then reveals how sports films are perpetuating dangerous, heteronormative ideas about how female sexuality and athletic achievement are mutually exclusive.
ContributorsMcCarthy, Emma (Author) / Miller, April (Thesis director) / McQueen, Jon (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies, Sch (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This project is a zine about the histories of the feminist self-help movement and the Treatment and Data Committee of ACT UP during the AIDS crisis. It also includes an interview with Peter Rodriguez, an original ACT UP NYC member. The zine explores these movements' connection to citizen science, layperson expertise, and knowledge production.
ContributorsZelinka, Audrey (Author) / Nelson, Elizabeth (Thesis director) / Brian, Jennifer (Committee member) / Boyles, David (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
In the modern age of marketing and the growing use of influencer marketing, the use of these influencers and social platforms is rapidly evolving. With the rise of TikTok during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there was a shift as consumers started to prefer short-form video content and new influencers started to gain popularity. The beauty industry in particular had a large increase in marketing as new influencers popped up with a new style, leading to changing consumer desires and attitudes. This case study aims to aid future researchers in understanding a new topic of research in the rapidly changing marketing world. For this study, I defined three subtypes of beauty mega-influencers: first-mover beauty influencers, who have been in the industry for a decade or more, controversial influencers, who actively create content but have problematic pasts, and beauty lifestyle influencers who gained their popularity on TikTok and their styles develop parasocial relationships with their followers. I gathered a sample of sponsored posts on both TikTok and Instagram to look into the effectiveness of each type’s style for marketing use and how consumers reacted to these types of posts. With this sample, I tested how the credibility within each group and as individuals affected consumer attitudes, and which group is the most effective overall in receiving positive attitudes in terms of response to persuasion. This was done by comparing engagement rates and tracking attitudes in each comment section. My findings found that those with all three facets of credibility, knowledge, expertise, and attractiveness, received the best responses from their audience, and this was found mostly within the newer, TikTok-based beauty lifestyle influencers, however, each subtype had different advantages. There was also the unexpected finding of platform difference, and how much effect that had on consumer attitudes overall.
ContributorsJenkins, Jennifer (Author) / Dong, Xiaodan (Thesis director) / Eaton, John (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Marketing (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor)
Created2024-05