Matching Items (369)
Description
Abstract The purpose of this study is to draw attention to problematic peer behaviors experienced among older adults in low income housing. Antagonistic behaviors including peer bullying are commonly associated with youth yet they also occur among older adults. This study shares findings from a recent study of negative social interactions among older adults in independent low-income housing. Using a sample size of 11 tenants, and semi-structured interviews, this author used thematic analysis to code and categorize themes. This author found that common themes included types of behaviors experienced, contributing factors, interventions and perceived barriers to interventions. Results indicated that tenants experienced a variety of antagonistic behaviors including verbal, physical and relational aggression. The most common behaviors reported were verbal threatening (36.4%) and being gossiped about (54.4%). The least common reported were physical behaviors (27.3%). Tenants reported the most common contributing factor for the aggressor's actions as having mental health or emotional issues (45.5%), whereas they reported physical disability as the most common contributing factor in those who were victimized (54.5%). Individuals reported responding to these behaviors most commonly through isolation, withdrawal, and avoidance. Findings suggest the need for interventions to minimize bullying and other antagonistic behaviors in low-income housing. Additionally, findings suggest the need to help those who are mistreated to find ways to address the bullying in more positive ways. Keywords: themes, behaviors, factors, interventions, barriers
ContributorsCasalean, Monica Ruth (Author) / Bonifas, Robin (Thesis director) / Mendoza, Natasha (Committee member) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor) / School of Social Work (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
This thesis explores the historical development of the criminal justice system across four eras. The system has been utilized to control and exploit Black people for economic gain. After the American Revolution, and the rise of the penitentiary, many argued that imprisoning individuals for labor was reminiscent of the institution of slavery itself, which highlights the criminal justice system's potential to target and control Black people. During the pre-Civil War era, white slave owners established slave patrols to prevent enslaved Black people from leaving their plantation, and to control the movement of Blacks more broadly. These early slave patrols provided an institutional foundation for the later development of the modern police force. During Reconstruction, the Ku Klux Klan adopted the methods of slave patrols to maintain white supremacy and control over Blacks with lynching becoming everyday occurrences. During the Jim Crow era, Black communities faced widespread discrimination, and the system was used to enforce racial segregation and maintain white dominance. The Civil Rights Movement marked a turning point against Jim Crow. However, the post-Civil Rights era was met with the War on Drugs and the rise of mass incarceration, which disproportionately affected Black communities. To gain equality, Black people have consistently been met with backlash, often supported by the criminal justice system. While reforming the system is necessary, it is unlikely to eliminate racism and white supremacy. A more comprehensive approach is needed to address the root causes of these issues and ensure equality and justice for all.Keywords: white supremacy, racism, color-blind, police violence, slave patrol, slavery, convict leasing system
ContributorsMoore, Antonio Lamont (Author) / Keahey, Jennifer (Thesis advisor) / Kim, Linda (Committee member) / Hepner, Tricia R (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
Description
In the early 1960’s, there was a socio-political movement in the Black people in the United States for them to look more natural through their hair, which lead to the popularization of the afro style during this time. After a few decades, the natural style fell off and many Black women started chemically treating their hair or using excessive heat to straighten it. However, today, natural hair for Black people and non-Black people is a constant topic in social spaces, politics, and pop culture. I would consider this to be a new wave of appreciation for Black hair with a conversation crafted specifically around new thoughts about race in the 21st century. This thesis will examine the views on Black hair both historically and currently in the United States from a sociological lens. For my research, I aim to examine definitions of terms related to Black hair in order to help others learn how Black people understand and speak about their own hair; to explore how the history behind the hair has shaped the current day conversations of Black hair; and the representations of Black hair in literature, film, television, and on the Internet on platforms such as YouTube and Instagram in order to understand how people speak and think about Black hair in the 21st century.
ContributorsLynn, Kayla (Author) / Lee, Sangmi (Thesis director) / Taylor, Jameien (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This study focuses on the connection between musical rhythm and dyslexia. Dyslexia has long been a disability that has been studied, but not one that researchers have a particular or in-depth treatment for. There has been a long time of research on the connection between dyslexia and creativity. This has led to looking at how dyslexic students are often found in art schools and engage in creativity. This has led to a new wave of research into EEG and how dyslexia occurs, including what causes dyslexia. This connection is proposed through the temporal sampling deficit hypothesis that theorizes “neuroelectric oscillations that encode incoming information at different frequencies could explain the perceptual and phonological difficulties with syllables, rhymes and phonemes,” (Goswami, 2011). My research aims to go further into the theory that dyslexia is caused by phonological perception and rapid timing skills (Overy et al., 2001). Music has many of these underlying deficits within it, so my theory is that dyslexic people have rhythm deficits, therefore, music therapy would be helpful in learning dyslexia. This paper does not find a negative correlation between dyslexia and rhythm. The trend points to dyslexic participants responding to claps faster and more accurately. All participants made a trend of fewer errors and faster responses the second time they heard a clap pattern. This leads to an inconclusive conclusion that requires more investigation to confirm whether this is statistically significant.
ContributorsSarraf, Maya (Author) / Bristol, Rachel (Thesis director) / Peter, Beate (Committee member) / Kim, Yookyung (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Humanities, Arts, and Cultural Studies (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Determining what leads to a 911 caller being perceived as suspicious is crucial. Confirmation bias can be detrimental to an investigation, particularly when the suspect is innocent. Law enforcement are engaging in unreliable 911 analysis techniques when investigating violent crimes, which can exacerbate this confirmation bias against innocent suspects and lead to wrongful convictions. Little is known about what leads to someone being targeted as a suspect in an investigation, so previous studies in our lab sought to find common behavioral indicators that predict suspicion for 911 callers. In this study, participants heard eight 911 calls and gave their impressions of each caller based on these behavioral indicators. We replicated many of the findings from these previous studies; callers perceived as more verbally fluent, under greater cognitive load, and engaging in information and impression management were more suspicious, while callers perceived as more urgent for the victim and emotional were less suspicious. The caller’s gender did not have a moderating impact on perceived suspicion with regards to emotionality. The significant negative relationship between perceived emotionality of the caller and suspicion was significantly stronger when they knew the victim relative to when they did not know the victim. Of note, callers deemed suspicious in this study were not necessarily guilty of the crime they were reporting. When law enforcement use behavioral cues to form suspicion and determine a caller's guilt, it can lead to downstream consequences for wrongful convictions.
ContributorsReeder, Isabelle (Author) / Salerno, Jessica (Thesis director) / Wulff, Alia (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor) / School of Interdisciplinary Forensics (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Empathy facilitates connections between individuals and fluctuates throughout life, affecting emotions, views, and interactions. Research suggests that behaviorism offers the most logical explanation for the current state of empathy in the United States. While the consequences of interactions with one’s environment have shaped covert and overt empathy behaviors in individuals and groups of individuals across civilizations, this paper combines research from three sectors to illustrate how interactions in the school, art museum, and healthcare environments reverberate significantly throughout American society. Although behaviorism is a major contributing theory throughout this paper, and it is especially relevant in schools, other theories are employed to show various constructs of empathy. Americans tip the scale heavily in favor of individualism over collectivism. The American Dream focuses on individual achievement and welfare, which directly challenges the concept of empathy. This paper delineates the history of empathy in the United States within the three sectors and illustrates how a thoughtfully manipulated school, museum, and healthcare environment can play a vital role in increasing empathy across American society.
ContributorsRyan, Jennifer (Author) / Romano, Adam (Co-author) / Wiseman, Shania (Co-author) / Niebuhr, Robert (Thesis director) / Henriksen, Danah (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Integrative Sciences and Arts (Contributor) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This duo thesis is an autoethnography of what it means to be Filipino-American in the United States. Being raised in varying backgrounds yet with the similarity of being Filipino, there are aspects of our lives that are simultaneously similar and different. The goal of this project is the exploration of one’s cultural, familial and personal identities and how they intersect with their individuality and sense of belonging. Through this project, we documented our experience as Filipinos in the United States and our travel back to the Philippines and showcased it through videos. It is a means to document our reflections on this project to share with the Filipino community and individuals who share the same sentiments.
ContributorsTamayo, Rianne Daisy (Author) / Onayan, Youla Tricia (Co-author) / O'Flaherty, Katherine (Thesis director) / Fedock, Rachel (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This duo thesis is an autoethnography of what it means to be Filipino-American in the United States. Being raised in varying backgrounds yet with the similarity of being Filipino, there are aspects of our lives that are simultaneously similar and different. The goal of this project is the exploration of one’s cultural, familial and personal identities and how they intersect with their individuality and sense of belonging. Through this project, we documented our experience as Filipinos in the United States and our travel back to the Philippines and showcased it through videos. It is a means to document our reflections on this project to share with the Filipino community and individuals who share the same sentiments.
ContributorsOnayan, Youla Tricia (Author) / Tamayo, Rianne Daisy (Co-author) / O'Flaherty, Katherine (Thesis director) / Fedock, Rachel (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Tuition costs for undergraduate students have been on the rise in the United States in recent years. The National Center for Education Statistics estimates that the current average cost of tuition at a public four-year college is 23 times higher than it was in 1963, leading students to work while attending school. Additionally, Gen-Z young adults report significantly higher rates of stress than all other generations, making burnout a salient concern within this demographic. Taking these two factors of employment and stress into consideration, the current study aimed to explore the role of job type (major vs non-major) in the relationship between burnout and social support for undergraduate students in the United States. The current study sampled 312 undergraduate students from the United States ages 18-24 (M = 20.75, SD = 1.89). The results indicated that there was no significant difference in academic burnout among employed vs unemployed students. Both perceived and actual social support-seeking were linked with lower academic burnout only for employed students. Higher person-job fit was associated with lower job burnout. Finally, students with jobs related to their major reported significantly lower job burnout at the lowest levels of person-job fit than students with non-major jobs.
ContributorsNazir, Zainab (Author) / Mickelson, Kristin (Thesis director) / Hall, Deborah (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05