![150231-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/150231-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=ifzadqsgpLFXWzybWzt.zcelY3gXHrOb&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T153632Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=4a15fdbe606b64352760e4120684d3fb4f388841bb9487b95c3ac627ad106a90&itok=0wyg51vH)
![150551-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-09/150551-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=fkRLfwcPLFRSc1HPsv0_cnvHqpyXfl1n&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T142740Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f36c9e1863c9adeb31d3018776f04ffce2c4c48018b7bc160eabb6b3a18c8027&itok=IW3-QpoZ)
![151230-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-09/151230-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=WZKHoTKbNHqGZqSqMtUXi_9WUujEDXnI&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T142740Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=7a0890167507fc222f8731bdd87897b50c49dd1abed6672f6eb3f6705ed73fa3&itok=WhVMn-XN)
![135873-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/135873-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=5NKpTNcEyMXAIy13VON6caCNGgSBY9Q3&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T155543Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=41fdafb23a302df17d0738f2c9e0073d2ad09bbc6540a49aa565ed8e341d28f6&itok=bhgplXEC)
![137139-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137139-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=coFJjtYqhO_WYOhhb.7jurlC38C7aEVK&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240617/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240617T011407Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=247bd0207373031156776184625a77de4c509016858025a5963abd16aec09b52&itok=EILIMXs4)
![137818-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137818-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=UjsdUOMfClGjvOEuS3eB0S8rvP9hwvvX&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T035652Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=cacd3bd160caa3331f91c127d90114566ec8346b04ac919f3a4c930aeeea3ddb&itok=JLMj1KNv)
![136845-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/136845-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=j9K8LJo0SMg6P0.6xG6rFHhH58wzzCmZ&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240619/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240619T062010Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=2106abecdefc0812f16e322afe3101d25650227d6b3a15524fc540795882fb8e&itok=_OmglesV)
![137507-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137507-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=AnOzSTIempIrZ_qTLm_QzZUg7MvzoKAI&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240619/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240619T014153Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a9377fee0e84883a837861609f80960ebe2d0d717ac4ba4103d6111436c75b27&itok=gpkIIoO7)
![130393-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130393-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=jwsuRP_I2jmipSlvJtmcEbD0cH_d9BAe&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T153726Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f3501bc4fb11c2838976508303ff97cd0a37c19b3a607fb71e8faf45460f7bb4&itok=Mst1eoY1)
![130394-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130394-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=iwiAwyzaZraIEe2azQdjT58FFUS5hzyU&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T155036Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=3adcdccf5f30037813623651b010c8f630b5055be992137d81f4bca9e52fea7c&itok=ZBVt4qbl)
Nutrient recycling by fish can be an important part of nutrient cycles in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. As a result, understanding the mechanisms that influence excretion elemental ratios of fish is of great importance to a complete understanding of aquatic nutrient cycles. As fish consume a wide range of diets that differ in elemental composition, stoichiometric theory can inform predictions about dietary effects on excretion ratios.
We conducted a meta-analysis to test the effects of diet elemental composition on consumption and nutrient excretion by fish. We examined the relationship between consumption rate and diet N : P across all laboratory studies and calculated effect sizes for each excretion metric to test for significant effects.
Consumption rate of N, but not P, was significantly negatively affected by diet N : P. Effect sizes of diet elemental composition on consumption-specific excretion N, P and N : P in laboratory studies were all significantly different from 0, but effect size for raw excretion N : P was not significantly different from zero in laboratory or field surveys.
Our results highlight the importance of having a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of consumer excretion rates and ratios. We suggest that more research is needed on how consumption and assimilation efficiency vary with N : P and in natural ecosystems in order to further understand mechanistic processes in consumer-driven nutrient recycling.