Filtering by
- Resource Type: Text
![137744-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137744-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=FXLn9Lw.eow6QGYgQJrQ_GCjxlwfT2s1&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T020218Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=1ed21f7e7cba49a5005e4cbeb8db79f58c899ac508765313b523c1d14ae2a0c1&itok=s1WglMRa)
![137413-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137413-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=Wv27ioPs6mvEZNOX9ZI2JpfsM9Rw79oM&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T235936Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a3efc46a79c9f52d040c6424b20949522e6050bc0b070f8d3e20893160dd5796&itok=6E7e336R)
![136660-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/136660-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=ulwyBgU._AzKpceXT1oIaduZvzAkRrsJ&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T003559Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=481455675068defff30462c73d4951892f7b21426a03920be18447fd1f435b0d&itok=zD2CLAmh)
![147619-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/147619-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=pta6EMbUoXxwY8mi1yelJ4qxLrfEDqqO&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T212049Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=af22054cf87ba367a448a3da4748e6c11e64bc7a30daaa300300a3487f2561a0&itok=DhzevFSc)
The human gut microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms. These microbes play an important role in host health by contributing essential compounds and acting as a barrier against pathogens. However, these communities and associated functions can be impacted by factors like disease and diet. In particular, microbial fermentation of dietary components like polysaccharides, proteins, and fats that reach the gut are being examined to better understand how these biopolymers are utilized and affect community structure. Thus, evaluating the accuracy of methods used to quantify specific macromolecules is crucial to gaining a precise understanding of how gut microbes hydrolyze those substrates. This study presents findings on the accuracy of the Megazyme RS kit (Rapid) modified for high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) readings and the DC Protein Assay when performed on samples from complex gut media with potato starch treatments and bovine serum albumin (BSA) treatments. Overall, our data indicates that the megazyme RS kit needs further modification to detect expected starch content with the HPLC and that the DC Protein Assay is not suitable for specific protein analysis.
![141463-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-06/141463-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=ENeUABe2Oyxa57Ihl_PyS6yF4grzWvE3&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T154456Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=25e0b8adb35752d781eb5d677152ca29b3318012766c800a6e41c2bfe78fafe6&itok=goj-kO6R)
Five immunocompetent C57BL/6-cBrd/cBrd/Cr (albino C57BL/6) mice were injected with GL261-luc2 cells, a cell line sharing characteristics of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The mice were imaged using magnetic resonance (MR) at five separate time points to characterize growth and development of the tumor. After 25 days, the final tumor volumes of the mice varied from 12 mm3 to 62 mm3, even though mice were inoculated from the same tumor cell line under carefully controlled conditions. We generated hypotheses to explore large variances in final tumor size and tested them with our simple reaction-diffusion model in both a 3-dimensional (3D) finite difference method and a 2-dimensional (2D) level set method. The parameters obtained from a best-fit procedure, designed to yield simulated tumors as close as possible to the observed ones, vary by an order of magnitude between the three mice analyzed in detail. These differences may reflect morphological and biological variability in tumor growth, as well as errors in the mathematical model, perhaps from an oversimplification of the tumor dynamics or nonidentifiability of parameters. Our results generate parameters that match other experimental in vitro and in vivo measurements. Additionally, we calculate wave speed, which matches with other rat and human measurements.
![141465-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-06/141465-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=CLsGsPWKP1.zeRS8RBLIh7IYp7HJofq2&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T154049Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=3fc9a50fe74495da2ace906993d36d99873d8562a19ec3d0e69517ee11394c1f&itok=wBKpi1Kz)
Recent studies suggest a role for the microbiota in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), potentially arising from their role in modulating the immune system and gastrointestinal (GI) function or from gut–brain interactions dependent or independent from the immune system. GI problems such as chronic constipation and/or diarrhea are common in children with ASD, and significantly worsen their behavior and their quality of life. Here we first summarize previously published data supporting that GI dysfunction is common in individuals with ASD and the role of the microbiota in ASD. Second, by comparing with other publically available microbiome datasets, we provide some evidence that the shifted microbiota can be a result of westernization and that this shift could also be framing an altered immune system. Third, we explore the possibility that gut–brain interactions could also be a direct result of microbially produced metabolites.
![141466-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-06/141466-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=H_yECOGpyT_.gwOh4ElTQY.3ylKhbWx2&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T154040Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=0f7f32e623ef6278a07389047b2b72c311129fbe12fbc861dfee8a26e7d35377&itok=MXteB4fe)
There is a growing body of scientific evidence that the health of the microbiome (the trillions of microbes that inhabit the human host) plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host and that disruptions in the microbiome may play a role in certain disease processes. An increasing number of research studies have provided evidence that the composition of the gut (enteric) microbiome (GM) in at least a subset of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) deviates from what is usually observed in typically developing individuals. There are several lines of research that suggest that specific changes in the GM could be causative or highly associated with driving core and associated ASD symptoms, pathology, and comorbidities which include gastrointestinal symptoms, although it is also a possibility that these changes, in whole or in part, could be a consequence of underlying pathophysiological features associated with ASD. However, if the GM truly plays a causative role in ASD, then the manipulation of the GM could potentially be leveraged as a therapeutic approach to improve ASD symptoms and/or comorbidities, including gastrointestinal symptoms.
One approach to investigating this possibility in greater detail includes a highly controlled clinical trial in which the GM is systematically manipulated to determine its significance in individuals with ASD. To outline the important issues that would be required to design such a study, a group of clinicians, research scientists, and parents of children with ASD participated in an interdisciplinary daylong workshop as an extension of the 1st International Symposium on the Microbiome in Health and Disease with a Special Focus on Autism (www.microbiome-autism.com). The group considered several aspects of designing clinical studies, including clinical trial design, treatments that could potentially be used in a clinical trial, appropriate ASD participants for the clinical trial, behavioral and cognitive assessments, important biomarkers, safety concerns, and ethical considerations. Overall, the group not only felt that this was a promising area of research for the ASD population and a promising avenue for potential treatment but also felt that further basic and translational research was needed to clarify the clinical utility of such treatments and to elucidate possible mechanisms responsible for a clinical response, so that new treatments and approaches may be discovered and/or fostered in the future.
![148396-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/148396-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=iRYQkrl7IWsmbf4MHyi_kg_Uu69JmA9J&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T190511Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=37e7b345f69016f724bb27d88aac3c801b20d86d307bb95e0f1e6a58ac60ff4d&itok=UMffMZb6)
Over time, tumor treatment resistance inadvertently develops when androgen de-privation therapy (ADT) is applied to metastasized prostate cancer (PCa). To combat tumor resistance, while reducing the harsh side effects of hormone therapy, the clinician may opt to cyclically alternates the patient’s treatment on and off. This method,known as intermittent ADT, is an alternative to continuous ADT that improves the patient’s quality of life while testosterone levels recover between cycles. In this paper,we explore the response of intermittent ADT to metastasized prostate cancer by employing a previously clinical data validated mathematical model to new clinical data from patients undergoing Abiraterone therapy. This cell quota model, a system of ordinary differential equations constructed using Droop’s nutrient limiting theory, assumes the tumor comprises of castration-sensitive (CS) and castration-resistant (CR)cancer sub-populations. The two sub-populations rely on varying levels of intracellular androgen for growth, death and transformation. Due to the complexity of the model,we carry out sensitivity analyses to study the effect of certain parameters on their outputs, and to increase the identifiability of each patient’s unique parameter set. The model’s forecasting results show consistent accuracy for patients with sufficient data,which means the model could give useful information in practice, especially to decide whether an additional round of treatment would be effective.
![149451-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/149451-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=HqNc1bEDIHxe.gOUMqU0TMdLfXsaEx7r&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T022803Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=79a389ff20089dd75879d4eeab1f847d7678955ff18b55200e0498913295fe4c&itok=o4h8iYEP)
![135929-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/135929-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=QUsOUdHiUc2HFyPV9qFRdDyGapS8k_sj&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T005937Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=c0f4a5988203b334fc0709b59b78644f036359a9f9101ccd8ebd8ba020f25ee5&itok=GEfiiRIm)