Matching Items (1,000)
Filtering by
- Creators: Department of Psychology
- Status: Published
Description
Objective: Previous studies have expressed that individuals with dyslexia may be hypersensitive to stimuli when compared to typical individuals, creating the neural noise hypothesis. This study uses electroencephalogram (EEG) to look at participants' mismatch negativity (MMN) response to the distinctive English phoneme /æ/ and an allophone of the phoneme /æ/, measuring their reaction to the variation between these two sounds.
Methods: Twenty-two adults, fourteen with dyslexia and 8 controls partook in an auditory oddball EEG experiment measuring MMN with the amplitudes and latencies being collected.
Results: Five participants demonstrated a large MMN response, four of which were in the dyslexic group. These participants’ results indicate an increased sensitivity to phonetic differences.
Significance: Understanding how some individuals with dyslexia process phonetic differences may be key to comprehending how a dyslexic subtype takes in auditory information.
ContributorsOvaska, Madeline (Author) / Peter, Beate (Thesis director) / Daliri, Ayoub (Committee member) / Kim, Yookyung (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Integrative Sciences and Arts (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Latinx youth experience increased risk of depressive symptoms (DS) due to cultural and universal risk factors. Acculturative family distancing (AFD) and mother-adolescent conflict (MAC) are significant in predicting depressive symptoms (DS) among Latinx adolescents. Guided by resilience frameworks, this study examined the effects of AFD and MAC on Latinx adolescent DS, and whether family cohesion (FC) moderated these relations. Self-reported survey data was gathered from 207 Latinx students and analyzed using regression analyses. Results indicated that MAC and AFD were significant and positively related to DS. However, family cohesion (FC) did not emerge as a significant moderator for these relations.
ContributorsTimmons, Isabella (Author) / Nair, Rajni (Thesis director) / Bauer, Richard (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
I researched and discussed the background of muscular hypertrophy as well as the potential mechanisms of sarcoplasmic hypertrophy. I proposed a hypothetical study that could help distinguish the effects of strength versus fatigue training and identified the impact of some key variables on muscle hypertrophy. The outcome of this hypothetical study could help improve the way athletes train in order to better suit their specific performance needs.
ContributorsSchaffer, Tarah (Author) / Rawls, Alan (Thesis director) / Smith, Cameron (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced Wallerian degeneration and secondary injury sequelae are associated with persisting neuroinflammation hypothesized to increase risk or early-onset of neurodegenerative diseases. At 6-months post-midline fluid percussion injury (FPI) in a rodent model of TBI, we evaluated markers of neuropathology (amino cupric-silver stain), axonal injury (APP), neuroinflammation (ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule, Iba-1), autophagy (neutral red), phospho-tau (AT8), macrophage recruitment (CD68), and lysosome (LAMP-1) pathology in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in male and female Sprague Dawley rats (n=5-6/group). Positive silver staining was present in injured and age-matched shams; however, the organization, localization, and degree of neuropathology differed within the regions of the DG. A 45% increase in neutral red staining pixel density was present in injured rats compared to sham (p<0.05). No AT8 staining was present in the DG or observed in other brain regions. No quantifiable sex differences were detected. Differential distribution of neuropathology and evidence of persistently activated autophagy pathways implicate novel differences between age-related and injury-related neuropathological processes that require further investigation.
ContributorsRajaboina, Bhavik (Author) / Olive, Foster (Thesis director) / Thomas, Theresa Currier (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
The present study, Examination of Parent-Child Relationships in Latino Families
investigated the relationship between early adolescent experiences on coping behaviors, as
determinants of present day depressive symptoms and resilience. Three multiple regression
models were conducted (Model 1) Predictors of Problem Solving Coping, (Model 2) Predictors
of Depressive Symptoms, (Model 3) Predictors of Resilience. Following this a cross tabulation
analysis was conducted to look at (Yes = Mention) and (No = No Mention) of Active Problem
Solving across 3 levels of Quality of Relationship with Father. This study found that (a) Quality
of Relationship with Father was a significant predictor of Problem Solving Coping Behavior.
Also, (a) Father Expectations and Problem Solving Coping Behavior in adolescence were
significant positive predictors of Resilience. This evidence suggests that Quality of Relationship
with Father in adolescence aids in the development of specific skills and capabilities for (a)
effective Problem Solving Coping Behaviors and (b) effective Expression of Resilience.
ContributorsCarbajal, Robert (Author) / Castro, Felipe (Thesis director) / Carlos Chavez, Fiorella (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2024-05
DescriptionA creative project focused on addressing food insecurity within ASU, addressing problems faced between the Pitchfork Pantry and ASU on the Basic Needs Task Force, and finding innovative and sustainable solutions to continue combatting food insecurity efforts at ASU.
ContributorsDickson, Ren (Author) / McCoy, Maureen (Thesis director) / Cunningham, Anna (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Familiar size is a pictorial depth cue for which an object's known physical size and visual angle influence observations of apparent distance. There is controversy over the type of process that accounts for the reports of depth. According to Gogel (1976), a non-perceptual cognitive process occurs when the observer experiences a display larger or smaller than a familiar object, such as off-size. The viewer judges that the object is closer or farther away than its perceived distance. Gogel had his participants move their heads to test this notion to see if the apparent depth generated motion parallax. He found that the displays generated slight illusory motion parallax when observers moved laterally.
We created sets of novel objects that varied in size but were identical in shape and color. Twenty-two college students were familiarized with a smaller or larger version of three objects and asked to judge its apparent distance by moving a rod viewed with both eyes. After apparent depth was reported, the rod was placed at the same distance as the familiarized object, and the observer moved their head back and forth. Perception of the motion of the object toward and away from the rod that was concurrent with the motion of the head was found on trials in which a large depth illusion was reported. On trials with little depth effect observed, subjects reported no apparent motion. Thus, the motion supports the view that familiar size is a perceptual illusion, and when it is sufficiently compelling, it can create apparent motion.
ContributorsChengalasetty, Amoolya (Author) / Yonas, Albert (Thesis director) / Tang, YiYuan (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
This case study explores the intricate relationship between Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a long-term survivor. A 51-year-old male with a medical history of type II diabetes presented with black out episodes. Neuroimaging revealed a large right frontal lesion suggestive of GBM. Following gross total resection, the tumor was identified as IDH-wildtype, MGMT methylated glioblastoma. The patient underwent Stupp protocol chemotherapy with Temozolomide and radiation, followed by adjuvant therapy. Management also included adjustments to diabetic medications. The patient experienced mild abulia and decreased executive function post-chemotherapy but responded well to subsequent treatments, including Avastin. Medication adjustments for diabetes were made based on A1C and glucose levels. Imaging studies revealed changes indicative of treatment response and disease progression. Correlation analyses revealed negative associations between resection cavity and affected brain tissue volume and glucose/A1C levels. The study underscores the importance of exploring the impact of antidiabetic medications on GBM outcomes and highlights the need for further research in this area. Lessons learned include the potential role of metabolic biomarkers in predicting treatment response and disease progression, guiding personalized therapeutic interventions for patients with comorbid GBM and T2DM.
ContributorsHuman, Hannah (Author) / Maley, Carlo (Thesis director) / Swanson, Kristin (Committee member) / Lee Kim, Peter (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Purinergic receptors play an important role in the response to infectious diseases by sensing damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The P2X family of purinergic receptors is known to recognize extracellular ATP (eATP) at different affinities. One of these receptors, P2X3, shows high affinity for eATP, but its role in modulating responses to infectious diseases has not been studied. Using the pulmonary infection model with influenza virus PR8 strain on wild type (WT) and P2RX3-deficient (P2RX3-KO) mice, we aimed to discover the role of P2RX3 in influenza infection in the lungs. We found that there was not a significant difference in the severity of disease in WT and P2RX3-KO mice during the acute phase, but there was more fibrotic tissue visible in P2RX3-KO mice lungs on day 40 post infection (p.i.) using Masson’s trichrome staining. To further investigate these differences, we analyzed myeloid cell populations and flu-specific lymphocytes in the infected lungs. We found that there was a significant decrease in the number of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in the lungs of P2RX3-KO mice after 7 days p.i. After performing t-SNE (t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding) analysis on CD4+ T cells of P2RX3-KO and WT mice, we discovered that P2RX3-KO mice had a population of cells which was not present in the WT mice. This population showed high expression of most proteins such as T-bet and BCL6, which is not characteristic of the typical Th1 population induced by influenza virus. Using in vitro activation and differentiation of Th1 CD4+ T cells from WT and P2RX3-KO mice, we found that P2RX3-KO CD4+ T cells had greater expression of markers related to Tfh (T follicular helper cells), such as ICOS and CXCR5, and overall hyperactivation, demonstrating irregular Th1 differentiation. Taken together, these results suggest that P2RX3 may be linked to the maintenance of “healthy” CD4+ T cells and may be important in preventing fibrosis in influenza infection.
ContributorsWhite, Emily (Author) / Florsheim, Esther (Thesis director) / Borges da Silva, Henrique (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Education is highly valued in our society, and teaching is regarded as a necessary and impactful job. Students are influenced not only by the knowledge they retain, but also by the connections they build with their instructors and peers, as well as the classroom environment. Reciprocally, teachers are impacted by the classroom environment which is determined by the students within it. While all teachers have a heavy workload and may be prone to moments of exhaustion, teachers dealing with difficult students are increasingly at risk of burnout (Aloe et. al., 2014). Despite the available research on teacher burnout, there is little exploration on the factors that protect against teacher stress. While interventions have been conducted to help mitigate burnout, they have been time consuming and difficult to implement in everyday practice. In this study, elementary school teachers from a variety of schools participated in a survey that assessed their stress levels, rewarding and challenging aspects of their job, relationships with students, and their stress-management strategies. This data was used to establish the connection between stress-management/mindfulness practice, quality of student-teacher relationships, stress levels and attitudes towards teaching. Results revealed significant correlations between the practice of stress management strategies, student-teacher closeness and stress levels (both overall and relating specifically to student misbehavior). As the practice of stress management strategies increased, stress levels decreased. Similarly, the closer teachers felt to their students, the less that student misbehavior stressed them out. Teachers felt most rewarded by seeing student growth, and most stressed out by their overall workload and lack of time.
ContributorsTrefny, Erin (Author) / Kappes, Janelle (Thesis director) / Pickett, Janna (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor)
Created2024-05