![131287-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/131287-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=T6jJwczZvIGRrtdooFJZ.tdRkJS3TIz0&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T231202Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=772284f7a02a88b8ee80f82dc7798b41d2d16c406047c5bf9102786df42f5a75&itok=LTN3WMp9)
![132222-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/132222-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=SgvmGj0ljO4Yf3iY9Ux6DrR4ce4hTWtp&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T031646Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=423b5466cd8e44ca20ac847f14a933df980e5a98eeb252ce9ef32b23c475a8f0&itok=GnuikLpc)
![132294-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/132294-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=R9WEQArUxfugsXj8W3raohvWrq90rEyN&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T161821Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a176afe680f8644379516540efb460afaf977f10eee7828b145db9eef5f6334d&itok=kcGmUUKT)
![131837-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/131837-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=q.sSqx.vto8PAWksf4CVY4dz_OOfSGaX&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T031646Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a3106ae3dee76acd08d45baf075070713c9cbd38c6bd0a7adb1772a2335c0089&itok=Wn38pb1q)
![131736-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/131736-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=s_QyI5fJ.6rJncGdVovGAAkzXcOJkW.c&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T163209Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f706f172358f5f74fa8b2f6cf347434759b33505dd5ceb2352c580cd64a67590&itok=2rg56gud)
![131596-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/131596-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=Zz8n6PO1_i3SgXfBU84JyDPTQSavFcSz&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T073609Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=eaba36d5794626a90b92e6339c2d7d453c1ee81c486c7842c3d2f83c09415561&itok=-eJeTILc)
This study aims to examine the relationship between urban densification and pedestrian thermal comfort at different times of the year, and to understand how this can impact patterns of activity in downtown areas. The focus of the research is on plazas in the urban core of downtown Tempe, given their importance to the pedestrian landscape. With that in mind, the research question for the study is: how does the microclimate of a densifying urban core affect thermal comfort in plazas at different times of the year? Based on the data, I argue that plazas in downtown Tempe are not maximally predisposed to pedestrian thermal comfort in the summer or the fall. Thus, the proposed intervention to improve thermal comfort in downtown Tempe’s plazas is the implementation of decision support tools focused on education, community engagement, and thoughtful building designs for heat safety.
![131610-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/131610-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=I7d3FFD9VuHqVV_o88k.Tltj1PbD70Wn&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T163209Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f24c6b93e0732ebacf51662a06b7f47eb84b20362cfb00db1b82931daf501a75&itok=vGEero8U)
The combined use of methamphetamine and opioids has been reported to be on the rise throughout the United States (U.S.). However, our knowledge of this phenomenon is largely based upon reported overdoses and overdose-related deaths, law enforcement seizures, and drug treatment records; data that are often slow, restricted, and only track a portion of the population participating in drug consumption activities. As an alternative, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has the capability to track licit and illicit drug trends within an entire community, at a low cost and in near real-time, while providing anonymity to those contributing to the sewer shed. In this study, wastewater was collected from two Midwestern U.S. cities (2017-2019) and analyzed for the prevalence of methamphetamine and the opioids oxycodone, codeine, fentanyl, tramadol, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Monthly 24-hour time-weighted composite samples (n = 48) from each city were analyzed using isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that methamphetamine and total opioid consumption (milligram morphine equivalents) in City 1 were strongly correlated only in 2017 (Spearman rank order correlation coefficient, ρ = 0.78), the relationship driven by fentanyl, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. For City 2, methamphetamine and total opioid consumption were strongly positively correlated during the entire study (ρ = 0.54), with the correlations driven by hydrocodone and hydromorphone. In both cities, hydrocodone and hydromorphone mass loads were highly correlated, suggesting a parent and metabolite relationship. WBE provides important insights into licit and illicit drug consumption patterns in near real-time as they evolve; important information for community stakeholders in municipalities across the U.S.
![131559-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/131559-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=vIZGSzS73ZPMOPENTjNJtFlcCWuHPGzu&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T215302Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=38d7e76aa7b6cc30b769f58f98233a951959f041ea46567e6658f9f7f3371278&itok=CEui_dH1)
![132548-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/132548-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=T8UHMMmN3s0NQTOZZxvy5ydgLWAQjIIW&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T030232Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=96b700b438faf4909ec9eeacc562f916b27cd7a31f42d1ffe3f4177400a33826&itok=LYrilozt)
GitHub Repository: https://github.com/komal-agrawal/AD_GIS.git
![132573-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-07/132573-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=xaVLR7FVfiWXLWHenN0ZSc93R2.z6S3J&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T223748Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=bc367706e3e372d2eba9436fa7cf724d7a856dc78c7342a4732ee66e18fcbebc&itok=_GTUl-9N)