This thesis project will be investigating the interactions and organizational theory within the student housing market at Arizona State University. The focus of the project will be around the partnership that makes up many of the communities, the public company known as American Campus Communities, and the auxiliary of Arizona State University Housing. The paper will analyze the organization through the four frames outlined by Bolman and Deal’s Reframing Organizations. These four are the structural, human resource, political, and symbolic frames. The paper will confront two main issues found in the organization. The first is the frequent turnover of staff. The second will be the separation between the departments, leading to unstable communication. Solutions will be proposed that could take some pressure off the problems that are identified. Compensation for staff and adjustments to summer living may allow retention to improve. Adjusted training and top-level management communication and interaction may improve the stark separation between areas of the organization. Analyzing these issues and solutions through the organizational frames allows us to better understand the reasoning behind and possible effects of any decision. This project has been very insightful, and I learned a lot with my studies and am proud to be a part of this organization and its mission to serve the students.

In an age of crisis, division, and ideological representation, it is vital to understand the representative and leadership qualities that made past presidents successful, not in terms of policy, but in terms of character. This interpretation of the American presidency reflects the nation as a whole, not as a political or personal allegiance, but as a symbol of Americanism in the current age. Through the use of scholarly literature and historical accounts of highlighted American Presidents, (Washington, Lincoln, Roosevelt, FDR, and more), insight can be utilized to create a new model of presidential representation that addresses the faults of current methodologies. This thesis aims to identify the critical successful characteristics and strategies enacted by American presidents to relate with the American people, especially in times of hardship, when understanding and connection are needed the most. These attributes can then formulate a blueprint for positive personal relationships and identify qualities for future Presidential leadership. Once determined, these traits can be formatted into a new model of representation to analyze the representative power and ability of the American presidency in order to establish a baseline for successful representation.

Actuaries can analyze healthcare trends to determine if rates are reasonable and if reserves are adequate. In this talk, we will provide a framework of methods to analyze the healthcare trend during the pandemic. COVID-19 may influence future healthcare cost trends in many ways. First, direct COVID-19 costs may increase the amount of total experienced healthcare costs. However, with the implementation of social distancing, the amount of regularly scheduled care may be deferred to a future date. There are also many unknown factors regarding the transmission of the virus. Implementing epidemiology models allows us to predict infections by studying the dynamics of the disease. The correlation between infection amounts and hospitalization occupancies provide a methodology to estimate the amount of deferred and recouped amounts of regularly scheduled healthcare costs. Thus, the combination of the models allows to model the healthcare cost trend impact due to COVID-19.

In collaboration with Moog Broad Reach and Arizona State University, a<br/>team of five undergraduate students designed a hardware design solution for<br/>protecting flash memory data in a spaced-based radioactive environment. Team<br/>Aegis have been working on the research, design, and implementation of a<br/>Verilog- and Python-based error correction code using a Reed-Solomon method<br/>to identify bit changes of error code. For an additional senior design project, a<br/>Python code was implemented that runs statistical analysis to identify whether<br/>the error correction code is more effective than a triple-redundancy check as well<br/>as determining if the presence of errors can be modeled by a regression model.

Oscillatory perturbations with varying amplitudes and frequencies have been found to significantly affect human standing balance. However, previous studies have only applied perturbation in either the anterior-posterior (AP) or the medio-lateral (ML) directions. Little is currently known about the impacts of 2D oscillatory perturbations on postural stability, which are more commonly seen in daily life (i.e., while traveling on trains, ships, etc.). This study investigated the effects of applying 2D perturbations vs 1D perturbations on standing stability, and how increasing the frequency and amplitude of perturbation impacts postural stability. A dual-axis robotic platform was utilized to simulate various oscillatory perturbations and evaluate standing postural stability. Fifteen young healthy subjects were recruited to perform quiet stance on the platform. Impacts of perturbation direction (i.e., 1D versus 2D), amplitude, and frequency on postural stability were investigated by analyzing different stability measures, specifically AP/ML/2D Center-of-Pressure (COP) path length, AP/ML/2D Time-to-Boundary (TtB), and sway area. Standing postural stability was compromised more by 2D perturbations than 1D perturbations, evidenced by a significant increase in COP path length and sway area and decrease in TtB. Further, the stability decreased as 2D perturbation amplitude and frequency increased. A significant increase in COP path length and decrease in TtB were consistently observed as the 2D perturbation amplitude and frequency increased. However, sway area showed a considerable increase only with increasing perturbation amplitude but not with increasing frequency.

Optimal foraging theory provides a suite of tools that model the best way that an animal will <br/>structure its searching and processing decisions in uncertain environments. It has been <br/>successful characterizing real patterns of animal decision making, thereby providing insights<br/>into why animals behave the way they do. However, it does not speak to how animals make<br/>decisions that tend to be adaptive. Using simulation studies, prior work has shown empirically<br/>that a simple decision-making heuristic tends to produce prey-choice behaviors that, on <br/>average, match the predicted behaviors of optimal foraging theory. That heuristic chooses<br/>to spend time processing an encountered prey item if that prey item's marginal rate of<br/>caloric gain (in calories per unit of processing time) is greater than the forager's<br/>current long-term rate of accumulated caloric gain (in calories per unit of total searching<br/>and processing time). Although this heuristic may seem intuitive, a rigorous mathematical<br/>argument for why it tends to produce the theorized optimal foraging theory behavior has<br/>not been developed. In this thesis, an analytical argument is given for why this<br/>simple decision-making heuristic is expected to realize the optimal performance<br/>predicted by optimal foraging theory. This theoretical guarantee not only provides support<br/>for why such a heuristic might be favored by natural selection, but it also provides<br/>support for why such a heuristic might a reliable tool for decision-making in autonomous<br/>engineered agents moving through theatres of uncertain rewards. Ultimately, this simple<br/>decision-making heuristic may provide a recipe for reinforcement learning in small robots<br/>with little computational capabilities.

Water quality and accessibility can impact most aspects of life such as hygiene, medicine,<br/>thermal comfort, sewage disposal, and health, to name a few. Rising concerns related to the<br/>quality of drinking water in the United States caused by municipal water utility failures such as<br/>in Texas or in Michigan has led to an inquiry into the root cause of how a supply-chain for a<br/>basic necessity such as water can run into issues. After initial research and investigation, one<br/>hypothesis for this was the nature of how recyclable materials in a linear economy eventually run<br/>into production or storage problems as exhaustible resources (or space) become less accessible<br/>over time. To remedy this issue, LifeGear360 is introduced to allow individual users the liberty<br/>to treat their water directly if needed, while also remaining in a circular economy for the<br/>lifecycle of the product. As a backpack with water treatment capabilities, natural plant fibers are<br/>used to ensure a renewable cycle of production while also redefining the traditional<br/>“plastic-taste” characteristics many people associate with water pouches to a smoother, cleaner<br/>taste. Engineering, sustainability, and business and public service practice have been used in an<br/>interdisciplinary way to prepare this product for its intended use such as in school, for travel, and<br/>for the outdoors. According to the collected outreach, many indicated that they feel as though<br/>there is a need for a product that allows for the feeling of water security which can include<br/>carrying any personal belongings as well. Marketing strategies such as logo creating and online<br/>outreach continually influence product design, up until production would take place following<br/>the finalized design.

2D fetal echocardiography (ECHO) can be used for monitoring heart development in utero. This study’s purpose is to empirically model normal fetal heart growth and function changes during development by ECHO and compare these to fetuses diagnosed with and without cardiomyopathy with diabetic mothers. There are existing mathematical models describing fetal heart development but they warrant revalidation and adjustment. 377 normal fetuses with healthy mothers, 98 normal fetuses with diabetic mothers, and 37 fetuses with cardiomyopathy and diabetic mothers had their cardiac structural dimensions, cardiothoracic ratio, valve flow velocities, and heart rates measured by fetal ECHO in a retrospective chart review. Cardiac features were fitted to linear functions, with respect to gestational age, femur length, head circumference, and biparietal diameter and z-scores were created to model normal fetal growth for all parameters. These z-scores were used to assess what metrics had no difference in means between the normal fetuses of both healthy and diabetic mothers, but differed from those diagnosed with cardiomyopathy. It was found that functional metrics like mitral and tricuspid E wave and pulmonary velocity could be important predictors for cardiomyopathy when fitted by gestational age, femur length, head circumference, and biparietal diameter. Additionally, aortic and tricuspid annulus diameters when fitted to estimated gestational age showed potential to be predictors for fetal cardiomyopathy. While the metrics overlapped over their full range, combining them together may have the potential for predicting cardiomyopathy in utero. Future directions of this study will explore creating a classifier model that can predict cardiomyopathy using the metrics assessed in this study.

Dreadnought is a free-to-play multiplayer flight simulation in which two teams of 8 players each compete against one another to complete an objective. Each player controls a large-scale spaceship, various aspects of which can be customized to improve a player’s performance in a game. One such aspect is Officer Briefings, which are passive abilities that grant ships additional capabilities. Two of these Briefings, known as Retaliator and Get My Good Side, have strong synergy when used together, which has led to the Dreadnought community’s claiming that the Briefings are too powerful and should be rebalanced to be more in line with the power levels of other Briefings. This study collected gameplay data with and without the use of these specific Officer Briefings to determine the precise impact on gameplay. Linear correlation matrices and inference on two means were used to determine performance impact. It was found that, although these Officer Briefings do improve an individual player’s performance in a game, they do not have a consistent impact on the player’s team performance, and that these Officer Briefings are therefore not in need of rebalancing.