Matching Items (62)
Description
Minimally invasive surgery is a surgical technique that is known for its reduced
patient recovery time. It is a surgical procedure done by using long reached tools and an
endoscopic camera to operate on the body though small incisions made near the point of
operation while viewing the live camera feed on a nearby display screen. Multiple camera
views are used in various industries such as surveillance and professional gaming to
allow users a spatial awareness advantage as to what is happening in the 3D space that is
presented to them on 2D displays. The concept has not effectively broken into the
medical industry yet. This thesis tests a multi-view camera system in which three cameras
are inserted into a laparoscopic surgical training box along with two surgical instruments,
to determine the system impact on spatial cognition, perceived cognitive workload, and
the overall time needed to complete the task, compared to one camera viewing the
traditional set up. The task is a non-medical task and is one of five typically used to train
surgeons’ motor skills when initially learning minimally invasive surgical procedures.
The task is a peg transfer and will be conducted by 30 people who are randomly assigned
to one of two conditions; one display and three displays. The results indicated that when
three displays were present the overall time initially using them to complete a task was
slower; the task was perceived to be completed more easily and with less strain; and
participants had a slightly higher performance rate.
patient recovery time. It is a surgical procedure done by using long reached tools and an
endoscopic camera to operate on the body though small incisions made near the point of
operation while viewing the live camera feed on a nearby display screen. Multiple camera
views are used in various industries such as surveillance and professional gaming to
allow users a spatial awareness advantage as to what is happening in the 3D space that is
presented to them on 2D displays. The concept has not effectively broken into the
medical industry yet. This thesis tests a multi-view camera system in which three cameras
are inserted into a laparoscopic surgical training box along with two surgical instruments,
to determine the system impact on spatial cognition, perceived cognitive workload, and
the overall time needed to complete the task, compared to one camera viewing the
traditional set up. The task is a non-medical task and is one of five typically used to train
surgeons’ motor skills when initially learning minimally invasive surgical procedures.
The task is a peg transfer and will be conducted by 30 people who are randomly assigned
to one of two conditions; one display and three displays. The results indicated that when
three displays were present the overall time initially using them to complete a task was
slower; the task was perceived to be completed more easily and with less strain; and
participants had a slightly higher performance rate.
ContributorsSchroll, Katelyn (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Chiou, Erin (Committee member) / Craig, Scotty (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
As deception in cyberspace becomes more dynamic, research in this area should also take a dynamic approach to battling deception and false information. Research has previously shown that people are no better than chance at detecting deception. Deceptive information in cyberspace, specifically on social media, is not exempt from this pitfall. Current practices in social media rely on the users to detect false information and use appropriate discretion when deciding to share information online. This is ineffective and will predicatively end with users being unable to discern true from false information at all, as deceptive information becomes more difficult to distinguish from true information. To proactively combat inaccurate and deceptive information on social media, research must be conducted to understand not only the interaction effects of false content and user characteristics, but user behavior that stems from this interaction as well. This study investigated the effects of confirmation bias and susceptibility to deception on an individual’s choice to share information, specifically to understand how these factors relate to the sharing of false controversial information.
ContributorsChinzi, Ashley (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Chiou, Erin (Committee member) / Becker, David V (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Interface design has a large impact on the usability of a system, and the addition of multitasking only makes these systems more difficult to use. Information processing, mental workload, and interface design are determining factors that impact the performance of usability, and therefore interface design needs to be more adapted to users undergoing a high mental workload. This study examines how a primary task, visual tracking, is affected by a secondary task, memory. Findings show that a high mental workload effects reaction time and memory performance on layouts with a high index of difficulty. Further research should analyze the effects of manipulating target size and distance apart independently from manipulating the index of difficulty on performance.
ContributorsSrikantha, Sainjeev (Author) / Gray, Robert (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Branaghan, Russell (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018
Description
With the growth of autonomous vehicles’ prevalence, it is important to understand the relationship between autonomous vehicles and the other drivers around them. More specifically, how does one’s knowledge about autonomous vehicles (AV) affect positive and negative affect towards driving in their presence? Furthermore, how does trust of autonomous vehicles correlate with those emotions? These questions were addressed by conducting a survey to measure participant’s positive affect, negative affect, and trust when driving in the presence of autonomous vehicles. Participants’ were issued a pretest measuring existing knowledge of autonomous vehicles, followed by measures of affect and trust. After completing this pre-test portion of the study, participants were given information about how autonomous vehicles work, and were then presented with a posttest identical to the pretest. The educational intervention had no effect on positive or negative affect, though there was a positive relationship between positive affect and trust and a negative relationship between negative affect and trust. These findings will be used to inform future research endeavors researching trust and autonomous vehicles using a test bed developed at Arizona State University. This test bed allows for researchers to examine the behavior of multiple participants at the same time and include autonomous vehicles in studies.
ContributorsMartin, Sterling (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Chiou, Erin (Committee member) / Gray, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The implementation of chatbots in customer service is widely prevalent in today’s world with insufficient research to appropriately refine all of their conversational abilities. Chatbots are favored for their ability to handle simple and typical requests made by users, but chatbots have proven to be prone to conversational breakdowns. The study researched how the use of repair strategies to combat conversational breakdowns in a simple versus complex task setting affected user experience. Thirty participants were collected and organized into six different groups in a two by three between subjects factorial design. Participants were assigned one of two tasks (simple or complex) and one of three repair strategies (repeat, confirmation, or options). A Wizard-of-Oz approach was used to simulate a chatbot that participants interacted with to complete a task in a hypothetical setting. Participants completed the task with this researcher-controlled chatbot as it intentionally failed the conversation multiple times, only to repair it with a repair strategy. Participants recorded their user experience regarding the chatbot afterwards. An Analysis of Covariance statistical test was run with task duration being a covariate variable. Findings indicate that the simple task difficulty was significant in improving the user experience that participants recorded whereas the particular repair strategy had no effect on the user experience. This indicates that simpler tasks lead to improved positive user experience and the more time that is spent on a task, the less positive the user experience. Overall, results associated with the effects of task difficulty and repair strategies on user experience were only partially consistent with previous literature.
ContributorsRios, Aaron (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Gutzwiller, Robert S. (Committee member) / Chiou, Erin K. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Team communication facilitates team coordination strategies and situations, and how teammates perceive one another. In human-machine teams, these perceptions affect how people trust and anthropomorphize their machine counterparts, which in turn affects future team communication, forming a feedback loop. This thesis investigates how personifying and objectifying contents in human-machine team communication relate to team performance and perceptions in a simulated remotely piloted aircraft system task environment. A total of 46 participants grouped into teams of two were assigned unique roles and teamed with a synthetic pilot agent that in reality was a trained confederate following a script. Quantities of verbal personifications and objectifications were compared to questionnaire responses about participants’ perceived trust and anthropomorphism of the synthetic pilot, as well as team performance. It was hypothesized that verbal personifications would positively correlate with reflective trust, anthropomorphism, and team performance, and that verbal objectifications would negatively correlate with the same measures. It was also predicted that verbal personifications would decrease over time as human teammates interact more with the machine teammate, and that verbal objectifications would increase. Verbal personifications were not found to be correlated with trust and anthropomorphism outside of perceptions related to gender, albeit patterns of change in the navigator’s personifications coincided with a co-calibration of trust among the navigator and the photographer. Results supported the prediction that verbal objectifications are negatively correlated with trust and anthropomorphism of a teammate. Significant relationships between verbal personifications and objectifications and team performance were not found. This study provides support to the notion that people verbally personify machines to ease communication when necessary, and that the same processes that underlie tendencies to personify machines may be reciprocally related to those that influence team trust. Overall, this study provides evidence that personifying and objectifying language in human-machine team communication is a viable candidate for measuring the perceptions and states of teams, even in highly restricted communication environments.
ContributorsCohen, Myke C. (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Chiou, Erin K. (Committee member) / Amazeen, Polemnia G. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Vehicular automation and autonomy are emerging fields that are growing at an
exponential rate, expected to alter the very foundations of our transportation system within the next 10-25 years. A crucial interaction has been born out this new technology: Human and automated drivers operating within the same environment. Despite the well- known dangers of automobiles and driving, autonomous vehicles and their consequences on driving environments are not well understood by the population who will soon be interacting with them every day. Will an improvement in the understanding of autonomous vehicles have an effect on how humans behave when driving around them? And furthermore, will this improvement in the understanding of autonomous vehicles lead to higher levels of trust in them? This study addressed these questions by conducting a survey to measure participant’s driving behavior and trust when in the presence of autonomous vehicles. Participants were given several pre-tests to measure existing knowledge and trust of autonomous vehicles, as well as to see their driving behavior when in close proximity to autonomous vehicles. Then participants were presented with an educational intervention, detailing how autonomous vehicles work, including their decision processes. After examining the intervention, participants were asked to repeat post-tests identical to the ones administered before the intervention. Though a significant difference in self-reported driving behavior was measure between the pre-test and post- test, there was no significant relation found between improvement in scores on the education intervention knowledge check and driving behavior. There was also no significant relation found between improvement in scores on the education intervention knowledge check and the change in trust scores. These findings can be used to inform autonomous vehicle and infrastructure design as well as future studies of the effects of autonomous vehicles on human drivers in experimental settings.
exponential rate, expected to alter the very foundations of our transportation system within the next 10-25 years. A crucial interaction has been born out this new technology: Human and automated drivers operating within the same environment. Despite the well- known dangers of automobiles and driving, autonomous vehicles and their consequences on driving environments are not well understood by the population who will soon be interacting with them every day. Will an improvement in the understanding of autonomous vehicles have an effect on how humans behave when driving around them? And furthermore, will this improvement in the understanding of autonomous vehicles lead to higher levels of trust in them? This study addressed these questions by conducting a survey to measure participant’s driving behavior and trust when in the presence of autonomous vehicles. Participants were given several pre-tests to measure existing knowledge and trust of autonomous vehicles, as well as to see their driving behavior when in close proximity to autonomous vehicles. Then participants were presented with an educational intervention, detailing how autonomous vehicles work, including their decision processes. After examining the intervention, participants were asked to repeat post-tests identical to the ones administered before the intervention. Though a significant difference in self-reported driving behavior was measure between the pre-test and post- test, there was no significant relation found between improvement in scores on the education intervention knowledge check and driving behavior. There was also no significant relation found between improvement in scores on the education intervention knowledge check and the change in trust scores. These findings can be used to inform autonomous vehicle and infrastructure design as well as future studies of the effects of autonomous vehicles on human drivers in experimental settings.
ContributorsReagan, Taylor (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Chiou, Erin (Committee member) / Gray, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Human-agent teams (HATs) are expected to play a larger role in future command and control systems where resilience is critical for team effectiveness. The question of how HATs interact to be effective in both normal and unexpected situations is worthy of further examination. Exploratory behaviors are one that way adaptive systems discover opportunities to expand and refine their performance. In this study, team interaction exploration is examined in a HAT composed of a human navigator, human photographer, and a synthetic pilot while they perform a remotely-piloted aerial reconnaissance task. Failures in automation and the synthetic pilot’s autonomy were injected throughout ten missions as roadblocks. Teams were clustered by performance into high-, middle-, and low-performing groups. It was hypothesized that high-performing teams would exchange more text-messages containing unique content or sender-recipient combinations than middle- and low-performing teams, and that teams would exchange less unique messages over time. The results indicate that high-performing teams had more unique team interactions than middle-performing teams. Additionally, teams generally had more exploratory team interactions in the first session of missions than the second session. Implications and suggestions for future work are discussed.
ContributorsLematta, Glenn Joseph (Author) / Chiou, Erin K. (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Roscoe, Rod D. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
There has been an ongoing debate between the relative deterrent power of certainty and severity on deceptive and criminal activity, certainty being the likelihood of capture and severity being the magnitude of the potential punishment. This paper is a review of the current body of research regarding risk assessment and deception in games, specifically regarding certainty and severity. The topics of game theoretical foundations, balance, and design were covered, as were heuristics and individual differences in deceptive behavior. Using this background knowledge, this study implemented a methodology through which the risk assessments of certainty and severity can be compared behaviorally in a repeated conflict context. It was found that certainty had a significant effect on a person’s likelihood to lie, while severity did not. Exploratory data was collected using the dark triad personality quiz, though it did not ultimately show a pattern.
ContributorsDay, Nicholas C (Author) / Chiou, Erin (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Becker, Vaughn (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The study at hand investigated the effects of guidance and type of occlusion on the prediction of shot direction during a soccer penalty kick. Seventy participants took an online survey where they had to guess the direction of a penalty kick from the perspective of a goalkeeper. Half the participants were placed in a group where they had access to tips on what to look for, while the other group had no tips provided. Participants were shown videos in which the penalty shooter had their upper body covered or their lower body covered. Participants had 30 seconds to decide what side the ball was going to, right or left. Results showed that there is no significant between the two groups in terms of judgment accuracy. The group that received no guidance and had the kicker's lower body covered was the group with the highest average score, 50.44%. The findings may help future studies that focus on what material is taught to goalkeepers in a classroom setting and the role of occlusion during free kicks outside the 18-yard box.
ContributorsCervantes, Ian (Author) / Gray, Robert (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Branaghan, Russell (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019