Filtering by
![149747-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/149747-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=wGWU7esLrtk3JEpSEgMAibXf43FoAUZj&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240619/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240619T070543Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=16b6563ddec68dfd26b686c15c3cd3f5a87f4483b75e611cc244162ab00c1ded&itok=aMddrdvO)
![137615-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137615-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=ITFeRKtNt4Qwfb_X9iIkALfQz04M04lq&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T160453Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=d8d8683ebf0fe4a3adf47b58e4d911bbd285cab403441c56f39f37ed97220f76&itok=I7Lu0Lhz)
![152066-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/152066-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=aUEJQQzVFIcqKWEbA5rQREFUh4_3MJPg&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240619/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240619T072115Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=8d6bfa78645e405f135797e70fece0bd2cd70a938e1153711888daca106061dd&itok=dXqd2MlY)
![136210-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/136210-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=uWzG7lApXnUfzIG8YNUdthKqpqCa.Bbk&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240619/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240619T084736Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=7a1780ab4d21bc9e5a4fa6c27812570bc1cfa1b34f7caf3592c2612fc6ef3ce4&itok=IIBPS7E9)
![137090-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137090-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=3vmaPNcEbmT_y31niQi3PvCfpGiBmRs8&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240619/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240619T133401Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=b2c342d2f2fee8b0a1a1b45afc1f3b4d15443a7ef5e97eb9f817c4149e8cb984&itok=jz9M__Mj)
![141470-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-06/141470-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=1DsvTKWHuUoezLgeialkCA3kLRH1S94h&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T225252Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=cb30a57fa55216fd5e3204b277773e3a2488b97d73cd4040243b641fd06797bc&itok=gmzNwGv_)
The value of “diversity” in social and ecological systems is frequently asserted in academic and policy literature. Diversity is thought to enhance the resilience of social-ecological systems to varied and potentially uncertain future conditions. Yet there are trade-offs; diversity in ecological and social domains has costs as well as benefits. In this paper, we examine social diversity, specifically its costs and benefits in terms of decision making in middle range or tribal societies, using archaeological evidence spanning seven centuries from four regions of the U.S. Southwest. In these nonstate societies, social diversity may detract from the capacity for collective action. We ask whether as population density increases, making collective action increasingly difficult, social diversity declines. Further, we trace the cases of low diversity and high population density across our long-temporal sequences to see how they associate with the most dramatic transformations. This latter analysis is inspired by the claim in resilience literature that reduction of diversity may contribute to reduction in resilience to varied conditions. Using archaeological data, we examine social diversity and conformity through the material culture (pottery styles) of past societies. Our research contributes to an enhanced understanding of how population density may limit social diversity and suggests the role that this association may play in some contexts of dramatic social transformation.
![136257-Thumbnail Image.png](/s3/files/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/136257-Thumbnail%20Image.png?itok=TDJft3Va)
![130393-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130393-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=jwsuRP_I2jmipSlvJtmcEbD0cH_d9BAe&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T153726Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f3501bc4fb11c2838976508303ff97cd0a37c19b3a607fb71e8faf45460f7bb4&itok=Mst1eoY1)
![130394-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130394-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=iwiAwyzaZraIEe2azQdjT58FFUS5hzyU&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T155036Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=3adcdccf5f30037813623651b010c8f630b5055be992137d81f4bca9e52fea7c&itok=ZBVt4qbl)
Nutrient recycling by fish can be an important part of nutrient cycles in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. As a result, understanding the mechanisms that influence excretion elemental ratios of fish is of great importance to a complete understanding of aquatic nutrient cycles. As fish consume a wide range of diets that differ in elemental composition, stoichiometric theory can inform predictions about dietary effects on excretion ratios.
We conducted a meta-analysis to test the effects of diet elemental composition on consumption and nutrient excretion by fish. We examined the relationship between consumption rate and diet N : P across all laboratory studies and calculated effect sizes for each excretion metric to test for significant effects.
Consumption rate of N, but not P, was significantly negatively affected by diet N : P. Effect sizes of diet elemental composition on consumption-specific excretion N, P and N : P in laboratory studies were all significantly different from 0, but effect size for raw excretion N : P was not significantly different from zero in laboratory or field surveys.
Our results highlight the importance of having a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of consumer excretion rates and ratios. We suggest that more research is needed on how consumption and assimilation efficiency vary with N : P and in natural ecosystems in order to further understand mechanistic processes in consumer-driven nutrient recycling.
![130400-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130400-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=fITKeInJnFNHlXQPlJfW7Wnq5Imby1wy&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240606/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240606T084542Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=0883a773c48a901b038e5fe418a1fb71181e307baec8b049ce4e95a8dd928052&itok=eHIl7ATb)