![150400-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/150400-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=WFEnCncJSEzAng.Xha5.KW4BlhAkxD_j&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240610/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240610T171342Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a1cba49cf89568a3d01eef3f1b735ba287f0b6195a2a65c9cbcdf031f3aa8460&itok=6FaGkBLK)
![150443-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/150443-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=0neP0asFBPIOIFptE2uqC45r2AxEz5iC&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T132939Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=7eb7b926b4f0b90e5e4cea12729808e18c3faa8025934ddf54cb53bc2d782324&itok=SHJUbOaW)
![137293-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/137293-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=Caq4wuCKVzEwtYmPs4Ytl7HkU_L.OhrQ&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T142159Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=0e3aa4e3f11621c55f89cad2c4274587967a6733f36d875c19d76d98df6c8e70&itok=_XpX1Vtf)
![149362-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-08/149362-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=K8Ln8fg2OEHYCZTN.jrBR8qXTDbHIjrl&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T125419Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=1f5b19bde1bd56a6db31465f54faf4e0244c340eb57d6728b415ab68acb9531f&itok=7_vE1rr0)
![130399-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130399-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=5fp8lcUnZKRPddAVNGJzOOqnuL1bAQbD&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T154321Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=c2d50c8ab60141b30b0a886feaca75766875d83b5513cb6494990c598181657a&itok=iOJnOdF9)
![130321-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130321-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=Qz8AVLilG_wPQvC4pSqXEh9tMCf4_cfX&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T011115Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=61ca77ee4cdd66df5ea8d38d91f0022d2278ccc3fbb29d6b1121299ff3bf1b21&itok=DBBpN6q4)
![130326-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130326-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=5TfPM2g3UH2Ac3tpJdDjYTgM_RtNYtdR&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T075415Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=5aa8bd951c27117225ea5497b9bcad4e584c9eebf181f1e34454c14c0023ee8c&itok=OXoBNak3)
Inhibition by ammonium at concentrations above 1000 mgN/L is known to harm the methanogenesis phase of anaerobic digestion. We anaerobically digested swine waste and achieved steady state COD-removal efficiency of around 52% with no fatty-acid or H[subscript 2] accumulation. As the anaerobic microbial community adapted to the gradual increase of total ammonia-N (NH[subscript 3]-N) from 890 ± 295 to 2040 ± 30 mg/L, the Bacterial and Archaeal communities became less diverse. Phylotypes most closely related to hydrogenotrophic Methanoculleus (36.4%) and Methanobrevibacter (11.6%), along with acetoclastic Methanosaeta (29.3%), became the most abundant Archaeal sequences during acclimation. This was accompanied by a sharp increase in the relative abundances of phylotypes most closely related to acetogens and fatty-acid producers (Clostridium, Coprococcus, and Sphaerochaeta) and syntrophic fatty-acid Bacteria (Syntrophomonas, Clostridium, Clostridiaceae species, and Cloacamonaceae species) that have metabolic capabilities for butyrate and propionate fermentation, as well as for reverse acetogenesis. Our results provide evidence countering a prevailing theory that acetoclastic methanogens are selectively inhibited when the total ammonia-N concentration is greater than ~1000 mgN/L. Instead, acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens coexisted in the presence of total ammonia-N of ~2000 mgN/L by establishing syntrophic relationships with fatty-acid fermenters, as well as homoacetogens able to carry out forward and reverse acetogenesis.
![130346-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130346-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=5O.2vP3rxtRAH8A3ZRbcDe78PJblYbPf&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T152118Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f7d3dc044bfb24534ba106d70ecbcc60940bd9f1aa16cd41133aa92c3756a514&itok=4tib7UYy)
![130318-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130318-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=njhRBNM0BKpD1_HhHfyY6Wsc64iBsWhF&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T153827Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=e6cee279f4a2fd00dab3be5e50a0baa2ff7102f6ee11c27f25757be4ef9af1b9&itok=okv7UB4w)
![130433-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130433-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=5FWlNNKutwsGP2wwp2o9_1HyGN7huODW&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240618/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240618T135758Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=6a59492c60824dd76025aa559bb87a12cd0160db7099353c41961ffe2b0d35b0&itok=VLnJC-x4)