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- Creators: College of Health Solutions
Description
Abstract
Purpose of the Study
Vocabulary breadth and depth in children is associated with higher academic achievement, yet time for explicit vocabulary instruction is schools is limited. Physical activity has been proposed as a method to potentially improve word learning in children.
Method
In this pilot study, children were taught Tier 2 vocabulary words through two distinct interventions. Using a single-case alternating treatment design, this study evaluated whether high-intensity aerobic physical activity preceding vocabulary teaching could enhance word learning compared to sessions with only one vocabulary instruction. Participants included two children ages 9 and 11, who engaged in a four-week intervention of 16 sessions with immediate post intervention probes and a maintenance measure one week post training.
Results
As this project is currently ongoing, results are inconclusive.
Discussion
The author discusses key take away points learned from conducting this research study.
ContributorsKitchel, Jaron (Author) / Gray, Shelley (Thesis director) / Larson, David (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
Patient-physician interactions are the cornerstone of healthcare delivery, with the potential to significantly influence patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. The quality of patient-physician interactions is pivotal in facilitating efficient communication concerning patient care and treatment. This relationship impacts the patient's adherence to medical advice and trust in healthcare. Considering the diversity of the patient population, there are a multitude of pertinent variables to take into account, including but not limited to English proficiency, race, educational attainment, age, gender, and socioeconomic status. How do patient-physician communication patterns and demographic variables impact patient comprehension, perception of communication efficacy, and healthcare outcomes across diverse cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic backgrounds? The purpose of this thesis is to comprehensively understand the characteristics underlying effective patient-physician communication and its impact on patient compliance, retention of medical information, and healthcare outcomes. By addressing racial, cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic disparities in healthcare, the research aims to establish a universal foundation for augmenting patient-centered care. The methodology of this research included an extensive literature review, shadowing of clinical visits, and patient care, along with the distribution of a survey to patients to gain insight into their satisfaction with healthcare. Practical applications include the development of targeted interventions, communication training programs for healthcare providers, and the formulation of policies aimed at improving patient outcomes and healthcare system efficiency. This research paper investigates the impact of physician attitudes on patient understanding and overall health through a comprehensive analysis of survey data collected from 115 individuals attending various clinics. Our findings highlight the significance of quality healthcare delivery in fostering favorable patient experiences, with 63.5% of respondents rating their visits as excellent or very good. Effective communication emerges as a key determinant of patient satisfaction, with 64.4% of respondents rating communication as excellent or very good. However, a notable proportion of respondents (26.9%) rated their overall satisfaction as neutral or dissatisfied, indicating areas for improvement in patient satisfaction related to unaddressed concerns or inadequate communication. Gender-related concerns, reactive versus proactive medicine, mental health, and shared decision-making emerge as overlooked topics in current clinical practice. Our observations underscore the need for a holistic approach that addresses patients' psychosocial and emotional needs alongside medical concerns. Gender-related differences in care delivery are evident, with female patients reporting feeling dismissed or misunderstood by male doctors, particularly regarding issues related to pain or reproductive health. Female physicians are associated with a greater likelihood of receiving preventive counseling and gender-specific screening, highlighting the importance of gender diversity in healthcare. Furthermore, patients express frustration with a reactive approach to medicine, advocating for a higher focus on addressing the underlying causes of health issues rather than merely treating symptoms. Patients also desire more information about natural remedies and holistic treatment options, emphasizing the importance of incorporating these discussions into shared decision-making between doctors and patients. The study underscores the pivotal role of specific provider qualities such as communication, empathy, and attention to patient comfort in patient-centered care delivery. The comprehension and cooperation rating between the doctor and patient was 81.8% excellent and good with a remaining 18.2% indicating the need for a more interactive visit. Based on the survey, the important qualities of a provider from highest to lowest ranking include communication (listening and understanding), empathy and kindness, medical knowledge proficiency, and quality listening. Due to the heavy importance of communication, healthcare providers must gain the necessary skills to cater to and address many of the concerns of their patients outside of simple medical knowledge. Given the doctor explanation comprehension rating of 25.2% being somewhat clear and not so clear, providers must develop their patient communication skills to optimize patient satisfaction and compliance. Cultural competency emerges as a critical aspect of providing effective and equitable care to patients from diverse backgrounds. However, there are limitations to the study, including the relatively small sample size and potential response bias. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the multifaceted nature of the doctor-patient interaction and underscore the importance of effective communication, patient-centered care, and shared decision-making in promoting positive patient outcomes. According to the patient experience survey, talking more in-depth about the patient treatment plan and taking the time to display eagerness to help and be active in one’s health will significantly enhance visit satisfaction. In addition to patients' ratings of physician level of empathy and respect consisting of 93% of respondents as exceeded or met expectations, the patient confidence in their health situation out of 10 was 6 and above for 90 percent of the survey respondents. However, with the shared decision-making rating, 28.3% of respondents felt being somewhat involved or a little involved in their care. By addressing patient needs and preferences and fostering collaborative relationships between physicians and patients, healthcare providers can enhance patient satisfaction, adherence to treatment recommendations, and overall health outcomes.
ContributorsLa Crosse, Amber (Author) / Abdul, Zahir (Co-author) / Agu, Nnenna (Thesis director) / Markabawi, Bashar (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created2024-05
Description
The various muscle fiber types as they are determined by their composition of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform, whether it is pure type I (slow twitch) or pure type II (fast twitch), or a hybrid fiber type, are known to impact the overall metabolic function in humans (Serrano et al., 2019). While it is recognized that active high performing individuals (such as strength athletes) have a larger distribution of type IIa muscle fibers, the distribution of hybrid fibers in muscle of lean and physically inactive human fibers remains unknown (Serrano el. Al., 2019). Hybrid fibers are thought to be fibers in the transitional phase of muscle adaptation (Williamson et al. 2001). Previous studies have shown that resistance exercise training increases specialized fiber composition as compared to hybrid variants. Given the relationship between reduced metabolic activity and quantity of transitional fibers, it is possible that sedentary individuals may have a less effective metabolic profile. This study examines the composition of MHC content in muscle fibers, with a special emphasis on describing hybrid fibers in lean, physically-inactive individuals, to improve our understanding of muscle adaptation and metabolic health. The study provides a directed analysis of hybrid fibers into I/IIa and IIa/IIx groups in physically inactive humans, which adds to our knowledge of muscle fiber specialization in response to physical activity. This research proposes to test the hypothesis that an individual's distribution of muscle fiber types is influenced by the prevalence of hybrid fiber types, when categorized using single fiber SDS-PAGE, with a specific focus on lean individuals. Through single muscle fiber SDS PAGE analysis of 1821 fibers from 11 participants, 293 were identified as hybrid fibers, with a greater prevalence of IIa/IIx hybrids compared to lean-active healthy adults. Through this investigation, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the complex interplay between muscle fiber types, potentially informing future therapeutic strategies targeting muscle function and metabolic health.
ContributorsSodhi, Sukhleen (Author) / Katsanos, Christos (Thesis director) / Serrano, Nathan (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor)
Created2024-05