![141438-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2022-05/141438-thumbnail-image.png?versionId=S7jKoj.4aGxsI1Ny2cl0oxe4nAsFMQ63&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240605/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240605T231132Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=7a568b210cd08ae34e06bad801a8025a3c217b8ce970421d381f42e35b76a1d8&itok=seEV6Bg0)
Maricopa County, Arizona, anchor to the fastest growing megapolitan area in the United States, is located in a hot desert climate where extreme temperatures are associated with elevated risk of mortality. Continued urbanization in the region will impact atmospheric temperatures and, as a result, potentially affect human health. We aimed to quantify the number of excess deaths attributable to heat in Maricopa County based on three future urbanization and adaptation scenarios and multiple exposure variables.
Two scenarios (low and high growth projections) represent the maximum possible uncertainty range associated with urbanization in central Arizona, and a third represents the adaptation of high-albedo cool roof technology. Using a Poisson regression model, we related temperature to mortality using data spanning 1983–2007. Regional climate model simulations based on 2050-projected urbanization scenarios for Maricopa County generated distributions of temperature change, and from these predicted changes future excess heat-related mortality was estimated. Subject to urbanization scenario and exposure variable utilized, projections of heat-related mortality ranged from a decrease of 46 deaths per year (− 95%) to an increase of 339 deaths per year (+ 359%).
Projections based on minimum temperature showed the greatest increase for all expansion and adaptation scenarios and were substantially higher than those for daily mean temperature. Projections based on maximum temperature were largely associated with declining mortality. Low-growth and adaptation scenarios led to the smallest increase in predicted heat-related mortality based on mean temperature projections. Use of only one exposure variable to project future heat-related deaths may therefore be misrepresentative in terms of direction of change and magnitude of effects. Because urbanization-induced impacts can vary across the diurnal cycle, projections of heat-related health outcomes that do not consider place-based, time-varying urban heat island effects are neglecting essential elements for policy relevant decision-making.
![136360-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-05/136360-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=RZ2.eKJsxBzobZfB7zg_qjNNmAIgKMYj&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240607/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240607T231046Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=eaca5ad48aba92e86f331ff06b551b5e7947b73887bc0cabe5f63c4122fe22a0&itok=_HQgmm9I)
![130367-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130367-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=i1zAyD8lpmcA0J.nvsNQA6OX4TMP.Dx7&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T154050Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=193f93da943a2bdd1ca6272f27fe2246b35e0d6e5abef7027d947a69bca3dd2d&itok=xZs-dDOr)
Improvements in sequencing technology now allow easy acquisition of large datasets; however, analyzing these data for phylogenetics can be challenging. We have developed a novel method to rapidly obtain homologous genomic data for phylogenetics directly from next-generation sequencing reads without the use of a reference genome. This software, called SISRS, avoids the time consuming steps of de novo whole genome assembly, multiple genome alignment, and annotation.
Results
For simulations SISRS is able to identify large numbers of loci containing variable sites with phylogenetic signal. For genomic data from apes, SISRS identified thousands of variable sites, from which we produced an accurate phylogeny. Finally, we used SISRS to identify phylogenetic markers that we used to estimate the phylogeny of placental mammals. We recovered eight phylogenies that resolved the basal relationships among mammals using datasets with different levels of missing data. The three alternate resolutions of the basal relationships are consistent with the major hypotheses for the relationships among mammals, all of which have been supported previously by different molecular datasets.
Conclusions
SISRS has the potential to transform phylogenetic research. This method eliminates the need for expensive marker development in many studies by using whole genome shotgun sequence data directly. SISRS is open source and freely available at https://github.com/rachelss/SISRS/releases.
![130393-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130393-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=jwsuRP_I2jmipSlvJtmcEbD0cH_d9BAe&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T153726Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f3501bc4fb11c2838976508303ff97cd0a37c19b3a607fb71e8faf45460f7bb4&itok=Mst1eoY1)
![130394-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130394-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=iwiAwyzaZraIEe2azQdjT58FFUS5hzyU&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240530/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240530T155036Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=3adcdccf5f30037813623651b010c8f630b5055be992137d81f4bca9e52fea7c&itok=ZBVt4qbl)
Nutrient recycling by fish can be an important part of nutrient cycles in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. As a result, understanding the mechanisms that influence excretion elemental ratios of fish is of great importance to a complete understanding of aquatic nutrient cycles. As fish consume a wide range of diets that differ in elemental composition, stoichiometric theory can inform predictions about dietary effects on excretion ratios.
We conducted a meta-analysis to test the effects of diet elemental composition on consumption and nutrient excretion by fish. We examined the relationship between consumption rate and diet N : P across all laboratory studies and calculated effect sizes for each excretion metric to test for significant effects.
Consumption rate of N, but not P, was significantly negatively affected by diet N : P. Effect sizes of diet elemental composition on consumption-specific excretion N, P and N : P in laboratory studies were all significantly different from 0, but effect size for raw excretion N : P was not significantly different from zero in laboratory or field surveys.
Our results highlight the importance of having a mechanistic understanding of the drivers of consumer excretion rates and ratios. We suggest that more research is needed on how consumption and assimilation efficiency vary with N : P and in natural ecosystems in order to further understand mechanistic processes in consumer-driven nutrient recycling.
![130400-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130400-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=fITKeInJnFNHlXQPlJfW7Wnq5Imby1wy&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240606/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240606T084542Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=0883a773c48a901b038e5fe418a1fb71181e307baec8b049ce4e95a8dd928052&itok=eHIl7ATb)
![130330-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130330-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=i07fPE0nHI3CicBrgCjqMntJktdu7VWB&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240606/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240606T084857Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a76f2cc7f59cbc80b6d3a63a16770b510f2671a650a1fb41b385ff29096dd448&itok=05ZHk0oZ)
![130333-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130333-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=jgric8NrXQ2TCm9KnEa39oWNBBGLhsTn&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T095622Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=2f78508ef1d38bd0c2b0f42ce4274bfca112d2805e71911fcde0a5bc8c2c66a8&itok=NDqh4JUY)
![130345-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130345-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=3296ehqsGwtIzHE1iM2DxdfCxgccfHa2&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T191050Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=fd15d66c9ea40c272a87c8390e6612c6426c1d5f7efc79ca96ac77b51b4824b4&itok=TRkv9S2b)
Grasshoppers Regulate N: P Stoichiometric Homeostasis by Changing Phosphorus Contents in Their Frass
![130426-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130426-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=wx9vdq1A0jGMESHhT7xjuyjAhnBRPbef&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T193905Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=ac45c6a093f80df18f3b17e040fe236fecc77df2f3757ac13488753816a4aa81&itok=U5vb6GxU)