Matching Items (214)
Validity of the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients for assessing dietary patterns in NCAA athletes
Description
Background
Athletes may be at risk for developing adverse health outcomes due to poor eating behaviors during college. Due to the complex nature of the diet, it is difficult to include or exclude individual food items and specific food groups from the diet. Eating behaviors may better characterize the complex interactions between individual food items and specific food groups. The purpose was to examine the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients survey (REAP) as a valid tool for analyzing eating behaviors of NCAA Division-I male and female athletes using pattern identification. Also, to investigate the relationships between derived eating behavior patterns and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) while stratifying by sex and aesthetic nature of the sport.
Methods
Two independent samples of male (n = 86; n = 139) and female (n = 64; n = 102) collegiate athletes completed the REAP in June-August 2011 (n = 150) and June-August 2012 (n = 241). Principal component analysis (PCA) determined possible factors using wave-1 athletes. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) determined factors accounting for error and confirmed model fit in wave-2 athletes. Wave-2 athletes' BMI and WC were recorded during a physical exam and sport participation determined classification in aesthetic and non-aesthetic sport. Mean differences in eating behavior pattern score were explored. Regression models examined interactions between pattern scores, participation in aesthetic or non-aesthetic sport, and BMI and waist circumference controlling for age and race.
Results
A 5-factor PCA solution accounting for 60.3% of sample variance determined fourteen questions for EFA and CFA. A confirmed solution revealed patterns of Desserts, Healthy food, Meats, High-fat food, and Dairy. Pattern score (mean ± SE) differences were found, as non-aesthetic sport males had a higher (better) Dessert score than aesthetic sport males (2.16 ± 0.07 vs. 1.93 ± 0.11). Female aesthetic athletes had a higher score compared to non-aesthetic female athletes for the Dessert (2.11 ± 0.11 vs. 1.88 ± 0.08), Meat (1.95 ± 0.10 vs. 1.72 ± 0.07), High-fat food (1.70 ± 0.08 vs. 1.46 ± 0.06), and Dairy (1.70 ± 0.11 vs. 1.43 ± 0.07) patterns.
Conclusions
REAP is a construct valid tool to assess dietary patterns in college athletes. In light of varying dietary patterns, college athletes should be evaluated for healthful and unhealthful eating behaviors.
Athletes may be at risk for developing adverse health outcomes due to poor eating behaviors during college. Due to the complex nature of the diet, it is difficult to include or exclude individual food items and specific food groups from the diet. Eating behaviors may better characterize the complex interactions between individual food items and specific food groups. The purpose was to examine the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients survey (REAP) as a valid tool for analyzing eating behaviors of NCAA Division-I male and female athletes using pattern identification. Also, to investigate the relationships between derived eating behavior patterns and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) while stratifying by sex and aesthetic nature of the sport.
Methods
Two independent samples of male (n = 86; n = 139) and female (n = 64; n = 102) collegiate athletes completed the REAP in June-August 2011 (n = 150) and June-August 2012 (n = 241). Principal component analysis (PCA) determined possible factors using wave-1 athletes. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) determined factors accounting for error and confirmed model fit in wave-2 athletes. Wave-2 athletes' BMI and WC were recorded during a physical exam and sport participation determined classification in aesthetic and non-aesthetic sport. Mean differences in eating behavior pattern score were explored. Regression models examined interactions between pattern scores, participation in aesthetic or non-aesthetic sport, and BMI and waist circumference controlling for age and race.
Results
A 5-factor PCA solution accounting for 60.3% of sample variance determined fourteen questions for EFA and CFA. A confirmed solution revealed patterns of Desserts, Healthy food, Meats, High-fat food, and Dairy. Pattern score (mean ± SE) differences were found, as non-aesthetic sport males had a higher (better) Dessert score than aesthetic sport males (2.16 ± 0.07 vs. 1.93 ± 0.11). Female aesthetic athletes had a higher score compared to non-aesthetic female athletes for the Dessert (2.11 ± 0.11 vs. 1.88 ± 0.08), Meat (1.95 ± 0.10 vs. 1.72 ± 0.07), High-fat food (1.70 ± 0.08 vs. 1.46 ± 0.06), and Dairy (1.70 ± 0.11 vs. 1.43 ± 0.07) patterns.
Conclusions
REAP is a construct valid tool to assess dietary patterns in college athletes. In light of varying dietary patterns, college athletes should be evaluated for healthful and unhealthful eating behaviors.
ContributorsKurka, Jonathan (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Author) / Ainsworth, Barbara (Author) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor)
Created2014-08-15
Description
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) can have numerous effects on the water chemistry and the biological life within an aquatic system with its wide variety of chemical structures and properties. The composition of the dissolved carbon can be estimated by utilizing the fluorescent properties of some DOM such as aromatic amino acids and humic material. This experiment was used to observe how organic matter could influence hydrothermal systems, such as Sylvan Springs in Yellowstone National Park, USA. Using optical density at 600 nm (OD 600), excitation-emission matrix spectra (EEMS), and Illumina sequencing methods (16S rRNA gene sequencing), changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) were observed based on long term incubation at 84ºC and microbial influence. Four media conditions were tested over a two-month duration to assess these changes: inoculated pine needle media, uninoculated pine needle media, inoculated yeast extract media, and uninoculated yeast extract media. The inoculated samples contained microbes from a fluid and sediment sample of Sylvan Spring collected July 23, 2018. Absorbance indicated that media containing pine needle broth poorly support life, whereas media containing yeast extract revealed a positive increase in growth. Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectra of the all media conditions indicated changes in DOM composition throughout the trial. There were limited differences between the inoculated and uninoculated samples suggesting that the DOM composition change in this study was dominated by the two-month incubation at 84ºC more than biotic processes. Sequencing performed on a sediment sample collected from Sylvan Spring indicated five main order of prokaryotic phyla: Aquificales, Desulfurococcales, Thermoproteales, Thermodesulfobacteriales, and Crenarchaeota. These organisms are not regarded as heterotrophic microbes, so the lack of significant biotic changes in DOM could be a result of these microorganisms not being able to utilize these enrichments as their main metabolic energy supply.
ContributorsKnott, Nicholas Joseph (Author) / Shock, Everett (Thesis director) / Hartnett, Hilairy (Committee member) / Till, Christy (Committee member) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Introduction: There is currently a lack of industry-wide gold standardization in accelerometer study
protocols, including within sleep-focused studies. This study seeks to address accuracy of
accelerometer data in detection of the beginnings and ends of sleep bouts in young adults with
polysomnography (PSG) corroboration. An existing algorithm used to differentiate valid/invalid wear
time and detect bouts of sleep has been modified with the goal of maximizing accuracy of sleep bout
detection. Methods: Three key decisions and thresholds of the algorithm have been modified with three
experimental values each being tested. The main experimental variable Sleepwindow controls the
amount of time before and after a determined bout of sleep that is searched for additional sedentary
time to incorporate and consider part of the same sleep bout. Results were compared to PSG and sleep
diary data for absolute agreement of sleep bout start time (START), end time (END) and time in bed
(TIB). Adjustments were made for outliers as well as sleep latency, snooze time, and the sum of both.
Results: Only adjustments made to a sleep window variable yielded altered results. Between a 5-, 15-,
and 30-minute window, a 15-minute window incurred the least error and most agreement to
comparisons for START, while a 5-minute window was best for END and TIB. Discussion: Contrary
to expectation, corrections for snooze, latency, and both did not substantially improve agreement to
PSG. Algorithm-derived estimates of START and END always fell after sleep diary and PSG both,
suggesting either participants’ sedentary behavior beginning and ends were at a delay from sleep and
wake times, or the algorithm estimates consistently later times than appropriate. The inclusion of a
sleep window variable yields substantial variety in results. A 15-minute window appears best at
determining START while a 5-minute window appears best for END and TIB. Further investigation on
the optimal window length per demographic and condition is required.
protocols, including within sleep-focused studies. This study seeks to address accuracy of
accelerometer data in detection of the beginnings and ends of sleep bouts in young adults with
polysomnography (PSG) corroboration. An existing algorithm used to differentiate valid/invalid wear
time and detect bouts of sleep has been modified with the goal of maximizing accuracy of sleep bout
detection. Methods: Three key decisions and thresholds of the algorithm have been modified with three
experimental values each being tested. The main experimental variable Sleepwindow controls the
amount of time before and after a determined bout of sleep that is searched for additional sedentary
time to incorporate and consider part of the same sleep bout. Results were compared to PSG and sleep
diary data for absolute agreement of sleep bout start time (START), end time (END) and time in bed
(TIB). Adjustments were made for outliers as well as sleep latency, snooze time, and the sum of both.
Results: Only adjustments made to a sleep window variable yielded altered results. Between a 5-, 15-,
and 30-minute window, a 15-minute window incurred the least error and most agreement to
comparisons for START, while a 5-minute window was best for END and TIB. Discussion: Contrary
to expectation, corrections for snooze, latency, and both did not substantially improve agreement to
PSG. Algorithm-derived estimates of START and END always fell after sleep diary and PSG both,
suggesting either participants’ sedentary behavior beginning and ends were at a delay from sleep and
wake times, or the algorithm estimates consistently later times than appropriate. The inclusion of a
sleep window variable yields substantial variety in results. A 15-minute window appears best at
determining START while a 5-minute window appears best for END and TIB. Further investigation on
the optimal window length per demographic and condition is required.
ContributorsMartin, Logan Rhett (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Toledo, Meynard John (Committee member) / Kurka, Jonathan (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-12
Description
This thesis paper examines the effects of increased standing and light physical activity in the workplace on postprandial glucose. Sedentary behavior is detrimental to our health, affecting metabolic risk factors. An easy way to implement change is by decreasing sedentary time in workplaces where sitting is common, such as office workspaces. To consider how postprandial glucose is affected by decreasing sedentary time, participants ate a standardized meal for lunch and were asked to decrease their sitting time by replacing it with standing and light physical activity.
ContributorsChilders, Autumn Skye (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Sears, Dorothy (Committee member) / Hasanaj, Kristina (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12
Description
The rise in community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and the ability of the organism to develop resistance to antibiotics necessitate new treatment methods for MRSA. Geopolymers (GPs) are cheap, porous materials that have demonstrated adsorptive capabilities. In this study, GPs were investigated for their ability to adsorb whole MRSA cells and MRSA secreted proteins [culture filtrate proteins (CFPs)] as a complementary method of controlling MRSA infections. GPs have been synthesized with variable pore sizes (meso/macro scale) and further modified with stearic acid (SA) to increase surface hydrophobicity. Four GPs (SA-macroGP, macroGP, SA-mesoGP, and mesoGP) were incubated with whole cells and with CFPs to quantify GP adsorption capabilities. Following MRSA culture incubation with GPs, unbound MRSA cells were filtered and plated to determine cell counts. Following CFP incubation with GPs, unbound CFPs were separated via SDS-PAGE, stained with SYPRO Ruby, and analyzed using densitometry. Results indicate that macroGP was the most effective at adsorbing whole MRSA cells. Visual banding patterns and densitometry quantitation indicate that SA-mesoGP was the most effective at adsorbing CFP. Ultimately, GP-based products may be further developed as nonselective or selective adsorbents and integrated into fibrous materials for topical applications.
ContributorsGanser, Collin (Co-author, Co-author) / Haydel, Shelley E. (Thesis director) / Seo, Don (Committee member) / Borges, Chad (Committee member) / School of Earth and Space Exploration (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the overall maintenance of behavior during the 12 to 24 month period of the Stand&Move@Work study and the impact of implementation factors (i.e., facilitators, advocate activity, and the amount of strategies used) on behavior change. The design of the study was a cluster randomized trial which was facilitated by researchers for the first 12 months of the study. The primary aim of the study was to examine the maintenance of behavior change (i.e., sitting time) at the 12 month and 24 month marks using objectively measured sedentary behavior (activPAL micro). The secondary aim of the study was to examine the impact of implementation factors (i.e., facilitators, advocate activity, and the amount of strategies used) on behavior change during the 12 through 24 months maintenance period. Participants (N=630) included full-time, caucasian, middle-aged office workers. For the primary aim, descriptive means were used to cluster for observations within-persons and were adjusted for age, gender, race, job-type, and ordering effects.. For the secondary aim, descriptive means adjusted for workplace culture and environment were computed. At the 24 month mark, participants spent 280.67 ± 87.67 min/8hr workday sitting and 161.94 ± 85.87 min/8hr workday standing. The top performing worksites displayed reductions in sitting time which largely translated into standing time by about 30 minutes per 8 hour workday at 24 months. Feasibility findings indicated that implementation strategies do not show differences between the top 25% and bottom 25% performing worksites. This study provides insight to implementation strategies for interventions in the workplace.
ContributorsTong, Alyssa Taylor (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Larouche, Miranda (Committee member) / Estabrooks, Paul (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
The purpose of this thesis creative project was to create an educational video to present research findings on the increasingly important issue of human biospecimen preanalytic variables. When a human biospecimen, such as blood, urine, or tissue, is removed from the body, it is subjected to a plethora of variables that are not recorded or regulated in a vast majority of cases. Frequently, these samples arrive at the research or pathology lab with an unknown history, then undergo analysis for translational research purposes, or to guide clinical management decisions. Thus, compromised specimen quality caused by preanalytic variables has substantial, and potentially devastating, downstream effects. To identify the preanalytic variables with the greatest impact on blood and tissue specimen quality, 45 articles were gathered using PubMed and Google Scholar databases and cited. Based on the articles, the top five variables with the most detrimental effects were identified for both blood and tissue samples. Multiple sets of parameters ensuring specimen fitness were compared for each of the five variables for each specimen type. Then, specific parameters guaranteeing the fitness of the greatest number of analytes were verified. To present the research findings in greater detail, a paper was written that focused on identifying the top variables and key parameters to ensure analyte fitness. To present the overall issue in an easy-to-digest format, a storyboard and script were created as a guideline for a final video project. Ultimately, two alternate versions of the video were created to pertain to the audience of choice (one version for patients, one version for professionals). It is the hope that these videos will be used as educational tools to continue efforts to standardize and enforce human biospecimen preanalytic variable parameters. This is a necessary step to improve the accuracy of our biomedical research data and the healthcare of patients worldwide.
ContributorsAzcarate, Heather (Author) / Compton, Carolyn (Thesis director) / LaBaer, Joshua (Committee member) / Borges, Chad (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2018-12
Description
Cardiovascular disease attributed to about 800,000 deaths per year and is the leading cause of all-cause mortality in the U.S. Previous studies indicate that reducing sedentary time or increasing physical activity (PA) can independently reduce cardiometabolic risk (CMR). Further, studies have shown that higher levels of moderate-to-vigorous PA can attenuate the negative effects of sedentary behavior on CMR.
In this study, we evaluated the association between sedentary time, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and CMR biomarkers (high density lipoprotein level, low density lipoprotein level, triglycerides, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index). Additionally, we examined if the detrimental association between sedentary time and CMR biomarkers is partially or fully attenuated by MVPA. Baseline objective physical activity and cardiometabolic risk data from a two-arm-cluster randomized trial (Stand&Move@work) were used in this study. Multilevel models clustered by worksite evaluated the fixed effects and interaction between MVPA and sedentary time on CMR. Data from 630 sedentary working adults (from 24 worksites) were included in the analysis. The sample was mainly middle aged (44.6±11.2) females (74%) with race distributions as follows; 70.5% white, 13.8% hispanic, 4.1% black, 5.1% asian, and 2.1% other. Our study showed detrimental trends consistent with previous studies between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic outcomes including HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol. MVPA demonstrated beneficial associations with lipoproteins including HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. We observed that high levels of MVPA may be able to partially attenuate the negative effects of highly sedentary behavior on fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Overall, sedentary behavior indicated deleterious associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Future directions for this study could examine a more at-risk population or a highly active population for further assessment of CMR biomarkers and the effects of behavior.
In this study, we evaluated the association between sedentary time, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) and CMR biomarkers (high density lipoprotein level, low density lipoprotein level, triglycerides, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and body mass index). Additionally, we examined if the detrimental association between sedentary time and CMR biomarkers is partially or fully attenuated by MVPA. Baseline objective physical activity and cardiometabolic risk data from a two-arm-cluster randomized trial (Stand&Move@work) were used in this study. Multilevel models clustered by worksite evaluated the fixed effects and interaction between MVPA and sedentary time on CMR. Data from 630 sedentary working adults (from 24 worksites) were included in the analysis. The sample was mainly middle aged (44.6±11.2) females (74%) with race distributions as follows; 70.5% white, 13.8% hispanic, 4.1% black, 5.1% asian, and 2.1% other. Our study showed detrimental trends consistent with previous studies between sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic outcomes including HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol. MVPA demonstrated beneficial associations with lipoproteins including HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. We observed that high levels of MVPA may be able to partially attenuate the negative effects of highly sedentary behavior on fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. Overall, sedentary behavior indicated deleterious associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Future directions for this study could examine a more at-risk population or a highly active population for further assessment of CMR biomarkers and the effects of behavior.
ContributorsMeyer, Emily Camille (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Toledo, Meynard (Committee member) / Pereira, Mark (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
While type 2 diabetes (T2D) rates have soared, the number of Americans classified as ‘prediabetic’ has also increased. Despite this, current preventative approaches are costly and often not without undue side-effects. Instead, behavioral lifestyle approaches hold promise in reducing conversion rates of T2D as the latest treatment option that could mitigate and transform disease management. However, present interventions do not possess the scope necessary for implementation in a realistic, scalable way that can target the large at-risk population.
The application (app) “BeWell24” mitigates this diabetes risk through targeting sleep, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet, and is being delivered through mHealth technology to attenuate the higher-risk of the prediabetic Veteran population. In order for full scale dissemination, this thesis examines a provider perspective of the ‘Post-intervention interview guide’, performed with a Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System (PVAHCS) provider. It then suggests revisions to the interview guide based on the provider’s interview and existing literature. This thesis also emphasizes the rationale behind these proposed changes to be organized in line with the iPARIHS framework (integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services).
Overall, the provider responded positively to BeWell24 and the ‘Post-intervention interview guide’, with constructive suggestions for each question in the interview guide. The main theme of the provider’s answers and comments were to prioritize efficiency and preserve standard clinical flow. A revised interview guide is provided, which prospectively presents as a more brief and focused interview organized by the iPARIHS framework. This revised interview guide could aid in the clarity of provider responses, specifically for the prospective interviews of the ongoing larger BeWell24 study and future studies.
The application (app) “BeWell24” mitigates this diabetes risk through targeting sleep, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet, and is being delivered through mHealth technology to attenuate the higher-risk of the prediabetic Veteran population. In order for full scale dissemination, this thesis examines a provider perspective of the ‘Post-intervention interview guide’, performed with a Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System (PVAHCS) provider. It then suggests revisions to the interview guide based on the provider’s interview and existing literature. This thesis also emphasizes the rationale behind these proposed changes to be organized in line with the iPARIHS framework (integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services).
Overall, the provider responded positively to BeWell24 and the ‘Post-intervention interview guide’, with constructive suggestions for each question in the interview guide. The main theme of the provider’s answers and comments were to prioritize efficiency and preserve standard clinical flow. A revised interview guide is provided, which prospectively presents as a more brief and focused interview organized by the iPARIHS framework. This revised interview guide could aid in the clarity of provider responses, specifically for the prospective interviews of the ongoing larger BeWell24 study and future studies.
ContributorsWojtas, Abby Ann (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Larouche, Miranda (Committee member) / Epstein, Dana (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
In the development of personalized medicine and many other clinical studies, biospecimen integrity serves as the prerequisite for not only the accurate derivation of patient- and disease-specific molecular data from biological specimens but the meaningful downstream validation of biomarkers. However, a large number of preanalytical variables may influence the quality of biospecimens in an undesired way and ultimately render the samples unsuitable for molecular analysis. The limited ability to directly reduce discrepancies caused by preanalytical variables gives rise to the need for development and retrospective application of appropriate tests for assessment of biospecimen integrity. Nevertheless, the most standard approaches to assessing biospecimen integrity involve nontrivial procedures. Thus, the need for quality control tools or tests that are readily applicable and can produce results in a straightforward way becomes critical. As one of the major ex vivo biomolecular degradation mechanisms, oxidation that occurs when blood plasma and serum samples are exposed to thawed states during storage and processing is hard to forestall and detect. In an attempt to easily detect and monitor the degree of oxidation, the technique of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) was examined to determine whether this concept could be employed to monitor exposure of samples to thawed conditions when controlled by spontaneous oxidative disulfide bonding. The intended mode of usage was envisioned as a fluorescence liquid being stored in a separate compartment but within the same test tube as archived plasma and serum samples. This would allow the assessment of sample integrity by direct visualization of fluorescence under a hand-held black light. The fluorescent dynamic range as well as kinetic control of the reaction were studied. While the addition of Cu(II) proved to facilitate excellent dynamic range with regard to fluorescence quenching, the kinetics of the reaction were too rapid for practical use. Further investigation revealed that the fluorescence quenching mechanism might have actually occurred via Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) rather than FRET mediated by oxidative disulfide bond formation. Introduction of Cu(II) via copper metal slowed fluorescence quenching to the point of practical utility; facilitating demonstration that storing at room temperature, refrigerating or freezing the samples delayed fluorescence quenching to different extents. To establish better kinetic control, future works will focus on establishing controlled, thoroughly understood kinetic release of Cu(II) from copper metal.
ContributorsZhang, Zihan (Author) / Borges, Chad (Thesis director) / Emady, Heather (Committee member) / Williams, Peter (Committee member) / Chemical Engineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12