Matching Items (129)
130328-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Background
Obese Latino adolescents are disproportionately impacted by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and represents a critical opportunity for intervention. However, to date, no diabetes prevention studies have been conducted in obese Latino youth with prediabetes, a highly

Background
Obese Latino adolescents are disproportionately impacted by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes is an intermediate stage in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and represents a critical opportunity for intervention. However, to date, no diabetes prevention studies have been conducted in obese Latino youth with prediabetes, a highly vulnerable and underserved group. Therefore, we propose a randomized-controlled trial to test the short-term (6-month) and long-term (12-month) efficacy of a culturally-grounded, lifestyle intervention, as compared to usual care, for improving glucose tolerance and reducing diabetes risk in 120 obese Latino adolescents with prediabetes.
Methods
Participants will be randomized to a lifestyle intervention or usual care group. Participants in the intervention group will attend weekly nutrition and wellness sessions and physical activity sessions twice a week for six months, followed by three months of booster sessions. The overall approach of the intervention is framed within a multilevel Ecodevelopmental model that leverages community, family, peer, and individual factors during the critical transition period of adolescence. The intervention is also guided by Social Cognitive Theory and employs key behavioral modification strategies to enhance self-efficacy and foster social support for making and sustaining healthy behavior changes. We will test intervention effects on quality of life, explore the potential mediating effects of changes in body composition, total, regional, and organ fat on improving glucose tolerance and increasing insulin sensitivity, and estimate the initial incremental cost effectiveness of the intervention as compared with usual care for improving glucose tolerance.
Discussion
The proposed trial builds upon extant collaborations of a transdisciplinary team of investigators working in concert with local community agencies to address critical gaps in how diabetes prevention interventions for obese Latino youth are developed, implemented and evaluated. This innovative approach is an essential step in the development of scalable, cost-effective, solution oriented programs to prevent type 2 diabetes in this and other populations of high-risk youth.
Created2017-03-16
130332-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Despite their low cost and high nutrient density, the contribution of eggs to nutrient intake and dietary quality among Mexican-American postpartum women has not been evaluated. Nutrient intake and dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), were measured in habitually sedentary overweight/obese (body mass index (BMI)

Despite their low cost and high nutrient density, the contribution of eggs to nutrient intake and dietary quality among Mexican-American postpartum women has not been evaluated. Nutrient intake and dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), were measured in habitually sedentary overweight/obese (body mass index (BMI) = 29.7 ± 3.5 kg/m[superscript 2]) Mexican-American postpartum women (28 ± 6 years) and compared between egg consumers (n = 82; any egg intake reported in at least one of three 24-h dietary recalls) and non-consumers (n = 57). Egg consumers had greater intake of energy (+808 kJ (193 kcal) or 14%; p = 0.033), protein (+9 g or 17%; p = 0.031), total fat (+9 g or 19%; p = 0.039), monounsaturated fat (+4 g or 24%; p = 0.020), and several micronutrients than non-consumers. Regarding HEI-2010 scores, egg consumers had a greater total protein foods score than non-consumers (4.7 ± 0.7 vs. 4.3 ± 1.0; p = 0.004), and trends for greater total fruit (2.4 ± 1.8 vs. 1.9 ± 1.7; p = 0.070) and the total composite HEI-2010 score (56.4 ± 12.6 vs. 52.3 ± 14.4; p = 0.082). Findings suggest that egg intake could contribute to greater nutrient intake and improved dietary quality among postpartum Mexican-American women. Because of greater energy intake among egg consumers, recommendations for overweight/obese individuals should include avoiding excessive energy intake and incorporating eggs to a nutrient-dense, fiber-rich dietary pattern.
Created2015-10-02
130353-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Background
Athletes may be at risk for developing adverse health outcomes due to poor eating behaviors during college. Due to the complex nature of the diet, it is difficult to include or exclude individual food items and specific food groups from the diet. Eating behaviors may better characterize the complex interactions

Background
Athletes may be at risk for developing adverse health outcomes due to poor eating behaviors during college. Due to the complex nature of the diet, it is difficult to include or exclude individual food items and specific food groups from the diet. Eating behaviors may better characterize the complex interactions between individual food items and specific food groups. The purpose was to examine the Rapid Eating Assessment for Patients survey (REAP) as a valid tool for analyzing eating behaviors of NCAA Division-I male and female athletes using pattern identification. Also, to investigate the relationships between derived eating behavior patterns and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) while stratifying by sex and aesthetic nature of the sport.
Methods
Two independent samples of male (n = 86; n = 139) and female (n = 64; n = 102) collegiate athletes completed the REAP in June-August 2011 (n = 150) and June-August 2012 (n = 241). Principal component analysis (PCA) determined possible factors using wave-1 athletes. Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) determined factors accounting for error and confirmed model fit in wave-2 athletes. Wave-2 athletes' BMI and WC were recorded during a physical exam and sport participation determined classification in aesthetic and non-aesthetic sport. Mean differences in eating behavior pattern score were explored. Regression models examined interactions between pattern scores, participation in aesthetic or non-aesthetic sport, and BMI and waist circumference controlling for age and race.
Results
A 5-factor PCA solution accounting for 60.3% of sample variance determined fourteen questions for EFA and CFA. A confirmed solution revealed patterns of Desserts, Healthy food, Meats, High-fat food, and Dairy. Pattern score (mean ± SE) differences were found, as non-aesthetic sport males had a higher (better) Dessert score than aesthetic sport males (2.16 ± 0.07 vs. 1.93 ± 0.11). Female aesthetic athletes had a higher score compared to non-aesthetic female athletes for the Dessert (2.11 ± 0.11 vs. 1.88 ± 0.08), Meat (1.95 ± 0.10 vs. 1.72 ± 0.07), High-fat food (1.70 ± 0.08 vs. 1.46 ± 0.06), and Dairy (1.70 ± 0.11 vs. 1.43 ± 0.07) patterns.
Conclusions
REAP is a construct valid tool to assess dietary patterns in college athletes. In light of varying dietary patterns, college athletes should be evaluated for healthful and unhealthful eating behaviors.
ContributorsKurka, Jonathan (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Author) / Ainsworth, Barbara (Author) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor)
Created2014-08-15
130311-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) is a recent advancement in structural biology for solving crystal structures of challenging membrane proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which often only produce microcrystals. An XFEL delivers highly intense X-ray pulses of femtosecond duration short enough to

Serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) is a recent advancement in structural biology for solving crystal structures of challenging membrane proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which often only produce microcrystals. An XFEL delivers highly intense X-ray pulses of femtosecond duration short enough to enable the collection of single diffraction images before significant radiation damage to crystals sets in. Here we report the deposition of the XFEL data and provide further details on crystallization, XFEL data collection and analysis, structure determination, and the validation of the structural model. The rhodopsin-arrestin crystal structure solved with SFX represents the first near-atomic resolution structure of a GPCR-arrestin complex, provides structural insights into understanding of arrestin-mediated GPCR signaling, and demonstrates the great potential of this SFX-XFEL technology for accelerating crystal structure determination of challenging proteins and protein complexes.
ContributorsZhou, X. Edward (Author) / Gao, Xiang (Author) / Barty, Anton (Author) / Kang, Yanyong (Author) / He, Yuanzheng (Author) / Liu, Wei (Author) / Ishchenko, Andrii (Author) / White, Thomas A. (Author) / Yefanov, Oleksandr (Author) / Han, Gye Won (Author) / Xu, Qingping (Author) / de Waal, Parker W. (Author) / Suino-Powell, Kelly M. (Author) / Boutet, Sebastien (Author) / Williams, Garth J. (Author) / Wang, Meitian (Author) / Li, Dianfan (Author) / Caffrey, Martin (Author) / Chapman, Henry N. (Author) / Spence, John (Author) / Fromme, Petra (Author) / Weierstall, Uwe (Author) / Stevens, Raymond C. (Author) / Cherezov, Vadim (Author) / Melcher, Karsten (Author) / Xu, H. Eric (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Biodesign Institute (Contributor) / Applied Structural Discovery (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor)
Created2016-04-12
130313-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Diacylglycerol kinase catalyses the ATP-dependent conversion of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli. The small size of this integral membrane trimer, which has 121 residues per subunit, means that available protein must be used economically to craft three catalytic and substrate-binding sites centred about the

Diacylglycerol kinase catalyses the ATP-dependent conversion of diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid in the plasma membrane of Escherichia coli. The small size of this integral membrane trimer, which has 121 residues per subunit, means that available protein must be used economically to craft three catalytic and substrate-binding sites centred about the membrane/cytosol interface. How nature has accomplished this extraordinary feat is revealed here in a crystal structure of the kinase captured as a ternary complex with bound lipid substrate and an ATP analogue. Residues, identified as essential for activity by mutagenesis, decorate the active site and are rationalized by the ternary structure. The γ-phosphate of the ATP analogue is positioned for direct transfer to the primary hydroxyl of the lipid whose acyl chain is in the membrane. A catalytic mechanism for this unique enzyme is proposed. The active site architecture shows clear evidence of having arisen by convergent evolution.
ContributorsLi, Dianfan (Author) / Stansfeld, Phillip J. (Author) / Sansom, Mark S. P. (Author) / Keogh, Aaron (Author) / Vogeley, Lutz (Author) / Howe, Nicole (Author) / Lyons, Joseph A. (Author) / Aragao, David (Author) / Fromme, Petra (Author) / Fromme, Raimund (Author) / Basu, Shibom (Author) / Grotjohann, Ingo (Author) / Kupitz, Christopher (Author) / Rendek, Kimberley (Author) / Weierstall, Uwe (Author) / Zatsepin, Nadia (Author) / Cherezov, Vadim (Author) / Liu, Wei (Author) / Bandaru, Sateesh (Author) / English, Niall J. (Author) / Gati, Cornelius (Author) / Barty, Anton (Author) / Yefanov, Oleksandr (Author) / Chapman, Henry N. (Author) / Diederichs, Kay (Author) / Messerschmidt, Marc (Author) / Boutet, Sebastien (Author) / Williams, Garth J. (Author) / Seibert, M. Marvin (Author) / Caffrey, Martin (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Biodesign Institute (Contributor) / Applied Structural Discovery (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor)
Created2015-12-17
130315-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control light responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. A sequence of structural changes, which is not yet fully understood, leads to activation of an output domain. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) can potentially shine light on these conformational changes. Here we report the

Phytochromes are a family of photoreceptors that control light responses of plants, fungi and bacteria. A sequence of structural changes, which is not yet fully understood, leads to activation of an output domain. Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) can potentially shine light on these conformational changes. Here we report the room temperature crystal structure of the chromophore-binding domains of the Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome at 2.1 Å resolution. The structure was obtained by serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography from microcrystals at an X-ray free electron laser. We find overall good agreement compared to a crystal structure at 1.35 Å resolution derived from conventional crystallography at cryogenic temperatures, which we also report here. The thioether linkage between chromophore and protein is subject to positional ambiguity at the synchrotron, but is fully resolved with SFX. The study paves the way for time-resolved structural investigations of the phytochrome photocycle with time-resolved SFX.
ContributorsEdlund, Petra (Author) / Takala, Heikki (Author) / Claesson, Elin (Author) / Henry, Leocadie (Author) / Dods, Robert (Author) / Lehtivuori, Heli (Author) / Panman, Matthijs (Author) / Pande, Kanupriya (Author) / White, Thomas (Author) / Nakane, Takanori (Author) / Berntsson, Oskar (Author) / Gustavsson, Emil (Author) / Bath, Petra (Author) / Modi, Vaibhav (Author) / Roy Chowdhury, Shatabdi (Author) / Zook, James (Author) / Berntsen, Peter (Author) / Pandey, Suraj (Author) / Poudyal, Ishwor (Author) / Tenboer, Jason (Author) / Kupitz, Christopher (Author) / Barty, Anton (Author) / Fromme, Petra (Author) / Koralek, Jake D. (Author) / Tanaka, Tomoyuki (Author) / Spence, John (Author) / Liang, Mengning (Author) / Hunter, Mark S. (Author) / Boutet, Sebastien (Author) / Nango, Eriko (Author) / Moffat, Keith (Author) / Groenhof, Gerrit (Author) / Ihalainen, Janne (Author) / Stojkovic, Emina A. (Author) / Schmidt, Marius (Author) / Westenhoff, Sebastian (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / Biodesign Institute (Contributor) / Applied Structural Discovery (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor)
Created2016-10-19
130318-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron laser sources is an emerging method with considerable potential for time-resolved pump-probe experiments. Here we present a lipidic cubic phase SFX structure of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR) to 2.3 Å resolution and a method to investigate protein dynamics with modest sample requirement.

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron laser sources is an emerging method with considerable potential for time-resolved pump-probe experiments. Here we present a lipidic cubic phase SFX structure of the light-driven proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (bR) to 2.3 Å resolution and a method to investigate protein dynamics with modest sample requirement. Time-resolved SFX (TR-SFX) with a pump-probe delay of 1 ms yields difference Fourier maps compatible with the dark to M state transition of bR. Importantly, the method is very sample efficient and reduces sample consumption to about 1 mg per collected time point. Accumulation of M intermediate within the crystal lattice is confirmed by time-resolved visible absorption spectroscopy. This study provides an important step towards characterizing the complete photocycle dynamics of retinal proteins and demonstrates the feasibility of a sample efficient viscous medium jet for TR-SFX.
ContributorsNogly, Przemyslaw (Author) / Panneels, Valerie (Author) / Nelson, Garrett (Author) / Gati, Cornelius (Author) / Kimura, Tetsunari (Author) / Milne, Christopher (Author) / Milathianaki, Despina (Author) / Kubo, Minoru (Author) / Wu, Wenting (Author) / Conrad, Chelsie (Author) / Coe, Jesse (Author) / Bean, Richard (Author) / Zhao, Yun (Author) / Bath, Petra (Author) / Dods, Robert (Author) / Harimoorthy, Rajiv (Author) / Beyerlein, Kenneth R. (Author) / Rheinberger, Jan (Author) / James, Daniel (Author) / Deponte, Daniel (Author) / Li, Chufeng (Author) / Sala, Leonardo (Author) / Williams, Garth J. (Author) / Hunter, Mark S. (Author) / Koglin, Jason E. (Author) / Berntsen, Peter (Author) / Nango, Eriko (Author) / Iwata, So (Author) / Chapman, Henry N. (Author) / Fromme, Petra (Author) / Frank, Matthias (Author) / Abela, Rafael (Author) / Boutet, Sebastien (Author) / Barty, Anton (Author) / White, Thomas A. (Author) / Weierstall, Uwe (Author) / Spence, John (Author) / Neutze, Richard (Author) / Schertler, Gebhard (Author) / Standfuss, Jorg (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor) / Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Contributor) / Biodesign Institute (Contributor) / Applied Structural Discovery (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created2016-08-22
132057-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
Introduction: There is currently a lack of industry-wide gold standardization in accelerometer study
protocols, including within sleep-focused studies. This study seeks to address accuracy of
accelerometer data in detection of the beginnings and ends of sleep bouts in young adults with
polysomnography (PSG) corroboration. An existing algorithm used to differentiate

Introduction: There is currently a lack of industry-wide gold standardization in accelerometer study
protocols, including within sleep-focused studies. This study seeks to address accuracy of
accelerometer data in detection of the beginnings and ends of sleep bouts in young adults with
polysomnography (PSG) corroboration. An existing algorithm used to differentiate valid/invalid wear
time and detect bouts of sleep has been modified with the goal of maximizing accuracy of sleep bout
detection. Methods: Three key decisions and thresholds of the algorithm have been modified with three
experimental values each being tested. The main experimental variable Sleepwindow controls the
amount of time before and after a determined bout of sleep that is searched for additional sedentary
time to incorporate and consider part of the same sleep bout. Results were compared to PSG and sleep
diary data for absolute agreement of sleep bout start time (START), end time (END) and time in bed
(TIB). Adjustments were made for outliers as well as sleep latency, snooze time, and the sum of both.
Results: Only adjustments made to a sleep window variable yielded altered results. Between a 5-, 15-,
and 30-minute window, a 15-minute window incurred the least error and most agreement to
comparisons for START, while a 5-minute window was best for END and TIB. Discussion: Contrary
to expectation, corrections for snooze, latency, and both did not substantially improve agreement to
PSG. Algorithm-derived estimates of START and END always fell after sleep diary and PSG both,
suggesting either participants’ sedentary behavior beginning and ends were at a delay from sleep and
wake times, or the algorithm estimates consistently later times than appropriate. The inclusion of a
sleep window variable yields substantial variety in results. A 15-minute window appears best at
determining START while a 5-minute window appears best for END and TIB. Further investigation on
the optimal window length per demographic and condition is required.
ContributorsMartin, Logan Rhett (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Toledo, Meynard John (Committee member) / Kurka, Jonathan (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-12
130985-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
This thesis paper examines the effects of increased standing and light physical activity in the workplace on postprandial glucose. Sedentary behavior is detrimental to our health, affecting metabolic risk factors. An easy way to implement change is by decreasing sedentary time in workplaces where sitting is common, such as office

This thesis paper examines the effects of increased standing and light physical activity in the workplace on postprandial glucose. Sedentary behavior is detrimental to our health, affecting metabolic risk factors. An easy way to implement change is by decreasing sedentary time in workplaces where sitting is common, such as office workspaces. To consider how postprandial glucose is affected by decreasing sedentary time, participants ate a standardized meal for lunch and were asked to decrease their sitting time by replacing it with standing and light physical activity.
ContributorsChilders, Autumn Skye (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Sears, Dorothy (Committee member) / Hasanaj, Kristina (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12
132556-Thumbnail Image.png
Description
The purpose of this study was to examine the overall maintenance of behavior during the 12 to 24 month period of the ​Stand&Move@Work​ study and the impact of implementation factors (i.e., facilitators, advocate activity, and the amount of strategies used) on behavior change. The design of the study was a

The purpose of this study was to examine the overall maintenance of behavior during the 12 to 24 month period of the ​Stand&Move@Work​ study and the impact of implementation factors (i.e., facilitators, advocate activity, and the amount of strategies used) on behavior change. The design of the study was a cluster randomized trial which was facilitated by researchers for the first 12 months of the study. The primary aim of the study was to examine the maintenance of behavior change (i.e., sitting time) at the 12 month and 24 month marks using objectively measured sedentary behavior (activPAL micro). The secondary aim of the study was to examine the impact of implementation factors (i.e., facilitators, advocate activity, and the amount of strategies used) on behavior change during the 12 through 24 months maintenance period. Participants (N=630) included full-time, caucasian, middle-aged office workers. For the primary aim, descriptive means were used to cluster for observations within-persons and were adjusted for age, gender, race, job-type, and ordering effects.. For the secondary aim, descriptive means adjusted for workplace culture and environment were computed. At the 24 month mark, participants spent 280.67 ± 87.67 min/8hr workday sitting and 161.94 ± 85.87 min/8hr workday standing. The top performing worksites displayed reductions in sitting time which largely translated into standing time by about 30 minutes per 8 hour workday at 24 months. Feasibility findings indicated that implementation strategies do not show differences between the top 25% and bottom 25% performing worksites. This study provides insight to implementation strategies for interventions in the workplace.
ContributorsTong, Alyssa Taylor (Author) / Buman, Matthew (Thesis director) / Larouche, Miranda (Committee member) / Estabrooks, Paul (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05