Matching Items (227)
Description
Background: Effective glucose management using exercise modalities in older patients with type 2 diabetes and activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities are unknown.
Purpose: The study investigated the acute effects of motor-assisted cycling and functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on the 2-h postprandial glucose responses compared with sitting control in older adults with type 2 diabetes and ADL disabilities.
Methods: The study used a 3×3 crossover study design. Nine participants were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment sequences: ABC, BCA, and CAB. (A, motor-assisted cycling; B, FES cycling; C, sitting control). Linear mixed models (LMM) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to test the mean differences for the 2-h postprandial glucose, estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC), between intervention and control treatments after adjustment for covariates (e.g., age, sex, and race).
Results: There were significant mean differences for iAUC (p = 0.005) and AUC (p = 0.038) across motor-assisted cycling, control, and FES cycling treatments. The FES cycling had a lower mean of 2-hour postprandial iAUC as compared with sitting control (iAUC 3.98 mmol∙h/L vs 6.92 mmol∙h/L, p = 0.006, effect size [ES] = 1.72) and the motor-assisted cycling (iAUC, 3.98 mmol∙h/L vs 6.19 mmol∙h/L , p = 0.0368, ES = 1.29), respectively. The FES cycling also had a lower mean of the 2-hour postprandial AUC as compared with sitting control (AUC, 18.29 mmol∙h/L vs 20.95 mmol∙h/L, p = 0.043, ES = 0.89), but had an AUC similar to the motor-assisted cycling (18.29 mmol∙h/L vs 20.23 mmol∙h/L , p = 0.183, ES = 0.19). There were no statistical differences in iAUC (6.19 mmol∙h/L vs 6.92 mmol∙h/L) and AUC (20.23 mmol∙h/L vs 20.95 mmol∙h/L) between the motor-assisted cycling and sitting control (all p>0.05).
Conclusion: Performing 30 minutes of FES cycling on a motor-assisted bike (40 Hz, 39 rpm, 25-29 mA) significantly decreased the 2-h postprandial glucose levels in older adults with type 2 diabetes and ADL disabilities. These findings suggested that FES cycling can be a promising exercise modality for glucose management in diabetic patients with ADL disabilities.
Purpose: The study investigated the acute effects of motor-assisted cycling and functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on the 2-h postprandial glucose responses compared with sitting control in older adults with type 2 diabetes and ADL disabilities.
Methods: The study used a 3×3 crossover study design. Nine participants were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment sequences: ABC, BCA, and CAB. (A, motor-assisted cycling; B, FES cycling; C, sitting control). Linear mixed models (LMM) with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to test the mean differences for the 2-h postprandial glucose, estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC), between intervention and control treatments after adjustment for covariates (e.g., age, sex, and race).
Results: There were significant mean differences for iAUC (p = 0.005) and AUC (p = 0.038) across motor-assisted cycling, control, and FES cycling treatments. The FES cycling had a lower mean of 2-hour postprandial iAUC as compared with sitting control (iAUC 3.98 mmol∙h/L vs 6.92 mmol∙h/L, p = 0.006, effect size [ES] = 1.72) and the motor-assisted cycling (iAUC, 3.98 mmol∙h/L vs 6.19 mmol∙h/L , p = 0.0368, ES = 1.29), respectively. The FES cycling also had a lower mean of the 2-hour postprandial AUC as compared with sitting control (AUC, 18.29 mmol∙h/L vs 20.95 mmol∙h/L, p = 0.043, ES = 0.89), but had an AUC similar to the motor-assisted cycling (18.29 mmol∙h/L vs 20.23 mmol∙h/L , p = 0.183, ES = 0.19). There were no statistical differences in iAUC (6.19 mmol∙h/L vs 6.92 mmol∙h/L) and AUC (20.23 mmol∙h/L vs 20.95 mmol∙h/L) between the motor-assisted cycling and sitting control (all p>0.05).
Conclusion: Performing 30 minutes of FES cycling on a motor-assisted bike (40 Hz, 39 rpm, 25-29 mA) significantly decreased the 2-h postprandial glucose levels in older adults with type 2 diabetes and ADL disabilities. These findings suggested that FES cycling can be a promising exercise modality for glucose management in diabetic patients with ADL disabilities.
Contributorsma, tongyu (Author) / Lee, Chong (Thesis advisor) / Hooker, Steven (Committee member) / Shaibi, Gabriel (Committee member) / Johnston, Carol (Committee member) / Ringenbach, Shannon (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Climate adaptation has not kept pace with climate impacts which has formed an adaptation gap. Increasingly insurance is viewed as a solution to close this gap. However, the efficacy and implications of using insurance in the climate adaptation space are not clear. Furthermore, past research has focused on specific actors or processes, not on the interactions and interconnections between the actors and the processes. I take a complex adaptive systems approach to map out how these dynamics are shaping adaptation and to interrogate what the insurance climate adaptation literature claims are the successes and pitfalls of insurance driving, enabling or being adaptation. From this interrogation it becomes apparent that insurance has enormous influence on its policy holders, builds telecoupling into local adaptation, and creates structures which support contradictory land use policies at the local level. Based on the influence insurance has on policy holders, I argue that insurance should be viewed as a form of governance. I synthesize insurance, governance and adaptation literature to examine exactly what governance tools insurance uses to exercise this influence and what the consequences may be. This research reveals that insurance may not be the exemplary adaptation approach the international community is hoping for. Using insurance, risk can be reduced without reducing vulnerability, and risk transfer can result in risk displacement which can reduce adaptation incentives, fuel maladaptation, or impose public burdens. Moreover, insurance requires certain information and legal relationships which can and often do structure that which is insured to the needs of insurance and shift authority away from governments to insurance companies or public-private partnerships. Each of these undermine the legitimacy of insurance-led local adaptation and contradict the stated social justice goals of international calls for insurance. Finally, I interrogate the potential justice concerns that emerged through an analysis of insurance as a form of adaptation governance. Using a multi-valent approach to justice I examine a suite of programs intended to support agricultural adaptation through insurance. This analysis demonstrates that although some programs clearly attempted to consider issues of justice, overall these existing programs raise distributional, procedural and recognition justice concerns.
ContributorsLueck, Vanessa (Author) / Klinsky, Sonja (Thesis advisor) / Schoon, Michael (Thesis advisor) / Eakin, Hallie (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
In the United States, two-thirds of adults are considered hypertensive orprehypertensive. In addition, chronic illness, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes, results in $3.5 trillion in annual healthcare cost and is the primary cause of disability and death. As a result, many individuals seek cheaper and simpler alternatives to combat their conditions. In this exploratory analysis, a study assessing nitrate intake and its effects on vascular function in 39 young adult males was investigated for underlying metabolic variations through a liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry-based large-scale targeted metabolomics approach. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used, and 18 significant metabolites were discovered across the time, treatment, and time & treatment groups, including prostaglandin E2 (p<0.001), stearic acid (p=0.002), caprylic acid (p=0.016), pentadecanoic acid (p=0.027), and heptadecanoic acid (p=0.005). In addition, log-transformed principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares – discriminant analysis models demonstrated distinct separation among the treatment, control, and time variables. Moreover, pathway and enrichment analyses validated the effect of nitrate intake on the metabolite sets and its possible function in fatty acid oxidation. This better understanding of altered metabolic pathways may help explicate the benefits of nitrate on vascular function and reveal any unknown mechanisms of its supplementation.
ContributorsPatterson, Jeffrey (Author) / Gu, Haiwei (Thesis advisor) / Johnston, Carol (Committee member) / Sweazea, Karen (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Institutions (rules, norms, and shared strategies) are social feedback systems that structure actors’ decision-making context. It is important to investigate institutional design to understand how rules interact and generate feedbacks that affect robustness, i.e., the ability to respond to change. This is particularly important when assessing sustainable use/conservation trade-offs that affect species’ long-term survival. My research utilized the institutional grammar (IG) and robust institutional design to investigate these linkages in the context of four international conservation treaties.
First, the IG was used to code the regulatory formal treaty rules. The coded statements were then assessed to determine the rule linkages and dynamic interactions with a focus on monitoring and related reporting and enforcement mechanisms. Treaties with a regulatory structure included a greater number and more tightly linked rules related to these mechanisms than less regulatory instruments. A higher number of actors involved in these activities at multiple levels also seemed critical to a well-functioning monitoring system.
Then, drawing on existing research, I built a set of constitutive rule typologies to supplement the IG and code the treaties’ constitutive rules. I determined the level of fit between the constitutive and regulatory rules by examining the monitoring mechanisms, as well as treaty opt-out processes. Treaties that relied on constitutive rules to guide actor decision-making generally exhibited gaps and poorer rule fit. Regimes which used constitutive rules to provide actors with information related to the aims, values, and context under which regulatory rules were being advanced tended to exhibit better fit, rule consistency, and completeness.
The information generated in the prior studies, as well as expert interviews, and the analytical frameworks of Ostrom’s design principles, fit, and polycentricity, then aided the analysis of treaty robustness. While all four treaties were polycentric, regulatory regimes exhibited strong information processing feedbacks as evidenced by the presence of all design principles (in form and as perceived by experts) making them theoretically more robust to change than non-regulatory ones. Interestingly, treaties with contested decision-making seemed more robust to change indicating contestation facilitates robust decision-making or its effects are ameliorated by rule design.
First, the IG was used to code the regulatory formal treaty rules. The coded statements were then assessed to determine the rule linkages and dynamic interactions with a focus on monitoring and related reporting and enforcement mechanisms. Treaties with a regulatory structure included a greater number and more tightly linked rules related to these mechanisms than less regulatory instruments. A higher number of actors involved in these activities at multiple levels also seemed critical to a well-functioning monitoring system.
Then, drawing on existing research, I built a set of constitutive rule typologies to supplement the IG and code the treaties’ constitutive rules. I determined the level of fit between the constitutive and regulatory rules by examining the monitoring mechanisms, as well as treaty opt-out processes. Treaties that relied on constitutive rules to guide actor decision-making generally exhibited gaps and poorer rule fit. Regimes which used constitutive rules to provide actors with information related to the aims, values, and context under which regulatory rules were being advanced tended to exhibit better fit, rule consistency, and completeness.
The information generated in the prior studies, as well as expert interviews, and the analytical frameworks of Ostrom’s design principles, fit, and polycentricity, then aided the analysis of treaty robustness. While all four treaties were polycentric, regulatory regimes exhibited strong information processing feedbacks as evidenced by the presence of all design principles (in form and as perceived by experts) making them theoretically more robust to change than non-regulatory ones. Interestingly, treaties with contested decision-making seemed more robust to change indicating contestation facilitates robust decision-making or its effects are ameliorated by rule design.
ContributorsBrady, Ute (Author) / Anderies, John M. (Thesis advisor) / Schoon, Michael (Committee member) / Minteer, Ben A. (Committee member) / Gerber, Leah (Committee member) / Siddiki, Saba (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
ABSTRACT
Background. College students’ modifiable health behaviors, including unhealthful eating patterns, predispose them to risk for future cardiometabolic conditions.
Purpose. This novel 8-week randomized control parallel-arm study compared the effects of a daily 18-hour Time-Restricted Feeding protocol vs. an 8-hour fast on diet quality in college students. Secondary outcomes were resting morning blood pressure, biomarkers of glucose regulation, biomarkers of lipid metabolism, and anthropometric measures.
Methods. Eighteen healthy college students (age = 23 ± 4 years; BMI = 23.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2; MET = 58.8 ± 32.9 min/wk) completed this study. Participants were randomized to a daily 18-hour fasting protocol (Intervention; n = 8) or a daily 8-hour fasting protocol (Control; n = 10) for eight weeks. One ‘cheat’ day was permitted each week. Outcomes were measured at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, and 8. A non-parametric Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the week 4 change from baseline between groups. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.
Results. Diet quality (p = 0.030) and body weight (p = 0.016) improved from baseline to week 4 for the INV group in comparison to the CON group. The data suggest these improvements may be related to reductions in snacking frequency and increased breakfast consumption. Fasting blood glucose and hip circumference tended to improve for the INV group in comparison to the CON group (p = 0.091 and p = 0.100). However, saturated fat intake tended to increase in the INV group in comparison to the CON group (p = 0.064). Finally, there were no treatment differences between groups (p>0.05) for the 4-week change in total calories, dietary vitamin C, added sugars, resting systolic blood pressure, resting diastolic blood pressure, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, waist circumference, or MET.
Conclusion. These data, although preliminary, suggest that the 18-hour fasting protocol was effective for improving diet quality and reducing weight in comparison to the 8-hour fasting protocol in healthy college students. Future intervention trials will need to confirm these findings and determine the long-term relevance of these improvements for health outcomes.
Background. College students’ modifiable health behaviors, including unhealthful eating patterns, predispose them to risk for future cardiometabolic conditions.
Purpose. This novel 8-week randomized control parallel-arm study compared the effects of a daily 18-hour Time-Restricted Feeding protocol vs. an 8-hour fast on diet quality in college students. Secondary outcomes were resting morning blood pressure, biomarkers of glucose regulation, biomarkers of lipid metabolism, and anthropometric measures.
Methods. Eighteen healthy college students (age = 23 ± 4 years; BMI = 23.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2; MET = 58.8 ± 32.9 min/wk) completed this study. Participants were randomized to a daily 18-hour fasting protocol (Intervention; n = 8) or a daily 8-hour fasting protocol (Control; n = 10) for eight weeks. One ‘cheat’ day was permitted each week. Outcomes were measured at weeks 0 (baseline), 4, and 8. A non-parametric Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the week 4 change from baseline between groups. Statistical significance was set at p≤0.05.
Results. Diet quality (p = 0.030) and body weight (p = 0.016) improved from baseline to week 4 for the INV group in comparison to the CON group. The data suggest these improvements may be related to reductions in snacking frequency and increased breakfast consumption. Fasting blood glucose and hip circumference tended to improve for the INV group in comparison to the CON group (p = 0.091 and p = 0.100). However, saturated fat intake tended to increase in the INV group in comparison to the CON group (p = 0.064). Finally, there were no treatment differences between groups (p>0.05) for the 4-week change in total calories, dietary vitamin C, added sugars, resting systolic blood pressure, resting diastolic blood pressure, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, waist circumference, or MET.
Conclusion. These data, although preliminary, suggest that the 18-hour fasting protocol was effective for improving diet quality and reducing weight in comparison to the 8-hour fasting protocol in healthy college students. Future intervention trials will need to confirm these findings and determine the long-term relevance of these improvements for health outcomes.
ContributorsMayra, Selicia (Author) / Johnston, Carol (Thesis advisor) / Sears, Dorothy (Committee member) / Swan, Pamela (Committee member) / Sweazea, Karen (Committee member) / Wharton, Christopher (Christopher Mack), 1977- (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
The assessment and evaluation of dietary intake and nutrition knowledge in female athletes is especially important due to the high prevalence of inadequate intake in this population (Black et al., 2019). This study evaluated 1) the relationship of nutrition knowledge and dietary intake among collegiate female athletes at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), and Club sport levels and 2) the impact of competition level on this relationship as well. Participants (NCAA DI, n=51; NJCAA, n = 36; Club, n = 37) in this study answered two questionnaires, the Nutrition Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants (REAP) questionnaire to assess knowledge and dietary intake. Participants also provided anthropometric and demographic information. The NSKQ was scored as a whole and for each of the four subcategories. REAP was scored both by tallying the number of “usually/often” frequency responses and given a numeral score to estimate diet quality. Statistical analysis was conducted using Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Spearman’s correlation tests to compare differences within subgroups of participants and evaluate any relationships that may exist between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake with significance set at p≤0.05. Differences in nutrition knowledge between competition groups were significant, H(2)= 16.94, p< 0.001. NCAA DI (p<0.001) and Club (p<0.001) athletes had higher nutrition knowledge than athletes at the NJCAA level. This was true for overall knowledge as well as knowledge subcategories. However, minimal relationships between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake were found. The overall correlation value was rs(118)= -0.10 (95%CI: -0.28 to 0.08), p>0.05. This suggests those with higher nutrition knowledge did not necessarily have better dietary intake. Improvements in the assessment of nutrition knowledge and quick assessment of dietary quality and the relation between both is needed.
ContributorsSkinner, Jensen Drew (Author) / Wardenaar, Floris (Thesis advisor) / Johnston, Carol (Committee member) / Yudell, Amber (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Introduction: A diet high in fermented, oligio-, di-, monosaccharide, and polyols
(FODMAP) has been shown to exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS). Previous literature has shown significant improvement in IBS symptoms after
adherence to a low FODMAP diet (LFD). However, dietary adherence to the LFD is
difficult with patients stating that information provided by healthcare providers
(HCPs) is generalized and nonspecific requiring them to search for supplementary
information to fit their needs. Notably, studies that have used a combination of
online and in-person methods for treatment have shown improved adherence to the
LFD. Objective: To determine whether a novel artificial intelligence (AI) dietary
mobile application will improve adherence to the LFD compared to a standard online
dietary intervention (CON) in populations with IBS or IBS-like symptoms over a 4-
week period. Methods: Participants were randomized into two groups: APP or CON.
The intervention group was provided access to an AI mobile application, a dietary
resource verified by registered dietitians which uses artificial intelligence to
individualize dietary guidance in real-time with the ability to scan menus and
barcodes and provide individuals with food scores based on their dietary preferences.
Primary measures included mobile app engagement, dietary adherence, and
manifestation of IBS-like symptoms. Baseline Results: A total of 58 participants
were randomized to groups. This is an ongoing study and this thesis details the
methodology and baseline characteristics of the participants at baseline and
intervention start. Validation of the application could improve the range of offerings
for lifestyle diseases treatable through dietary modification.
(FODMAP) has been shown to exacerbate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
(IBS). Previous literature has shown significant improvement in IBS symptoms after
adherence to a low FODMAP diet (LFD). However, dietary adherence to the LFD is
difficult with patients stating that information provided by healthcare providers
(HCPs) is generalized and nonspecific requiring them to search for supplementary
information to fit their needs. Notably, studies that have used a combination of
online and in-person methods for treatment have shown improved adherence to the
LFD. Objective: To determine whether a novel artificial intelligence (AI) dietary
mobile application will improve adherence to the LFD compared to a standard online
dietary intervention (CON) in populations with IBS or IBS-like symptoms over a 4-
week period. Methods: Participants were randomized into two groups: APP or CON.
The intervention group was provided access to an AI mobile application, a dietary
resource verified by registered dietitians which uses artificial intelligence to
individualize dietary guidance in real-time with the ability to scan menus and
barcodes and provide individuals with food scores based on their dietary preferences.
Primary measures included mobile app engagement, dietary adherence, and
manifestation of IBS-like symptoms. Baseline Results: A total of 58 participants
were randomized to groups. This is an ongoing study and this thesis details the
methodology and baseline characteristics of the participants at baseline and
intervention start. Validation of the application could improve the range of offerings
for lifestyle diseases treatable through dietary modification.
ContributorsRafferty, Aaron (Author) / Johnston, Carol (Thesis advisor) / Hall, Richard (Committee member) / Fitton, Renee (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
This dissertation focuses on water security in terms of sustaining socio-economic development, livelihoods, and human well-being. Using the double exposure framework, I analyze the combined effect of climate change and economic development on water security in the Philippines. There is a need to examine how the combination of these two processes aggravate existing inequalities related to water security among different groups of people, and also analyze how these two processes can combine to increase stakeholders’ vulnerability to water-related shocks and stresses. The Philippines has been rated as one of the countries that is most vulnerable to climate change due to its exposure to extreme climate events and sea level rise. At the same time, the Philippines is currently undergoing an economic transition from a predominantly agricultural country to one where industry and services play a larger role. This dissertation zeroes in on the water security of municipalities in the Philippines, which were sorted into different syndromes based on a combination of their risk to future hydro-climatic changes and economic growth trends. Four syndromes which covered 73% of the population then emerged. By comparing five case study municipalities drawn from these four syndromes, I offer insights into how different combinations of climatic and economic factors can impact water security, and which combination could have the lowest water security in the future. Through analyzing the results of focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews, I also explore the variation of perceptions and collaborative strategies of stakeholders regarding their current and future water security. While each municipality had different climate and economic vulnerabilities, they shared largely similar water security perceptions and used the same strategies.
ContributorsLorenzo, Theresa Marie (Author) / Kinzig, Ann (Thesis advisor) / David, Carlos Primo (Committee member) / Perrings, Charles (Committee member) / Schoon, Michael (Committee member) / Selin, Cynthia (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021
Description
Vinegar is gaining popularity as a natural and proven treatment for common diseases and conditions ranging from high blood pressure to diabetes. While the evidence to support the benefits of vinegar is growing, few studies have considered possible negative consequences. One concern relates to the effect of vinegar on saliva pH and dental erosion. The aim of this study is to explore this relationship as well as unsubstantiated claims that vinegar, although acidic, has an alkalizing effect on the overall body, specifically looking at its effect on resting saliva pH. Healthy adults aged 18-45 were recruited for this trial. Twenty-two participants completed this eight-week, parallel-arm, randomized, double blinded study that looked at the effect that regular consumption of red wine vinegar (two tablespoons taken two times per day before a meal) had on resting salivary pH and dental erosion compared to a control (low dosage vinegar pill taken two times a day before a meal). Resting saliva pH was measured at home using the pH20H application and pH strips at week 0 and 8 of the trial. Erosion was noted using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) by a registered dental hygienist at week 1 and 8 of trial. Results indicate no mean difference in resting salivary pH in either treatment group after eight weeks (p value, 0.49). However, there was a statistical significant mean difference in dental erosion between the VIN and CON group (p value, 0.05). Statistical significance in dental erosion, typically a gradual process, in just eight weeks is a significant finding and warrants concern about long time use of vinegar and dental health. Further exploration into this relationship is needed.
ContributorsAnderson, Summer Lynn (Author) / Johnston, Carol (Thesis advisor) / Whisner, Corrie (Committee member) / Alexon, Christy (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Background: Research has found that nearly a quarter of the American population follows a gluten-free diet in some capacity, while only about 1% of the population is diagnosed with celiac disease. Although the amount of research-based evidence supporting any health benefits of a gluten-free diet in an individual without a gluten- related disorder is limited, the number of people claiming to follow a gluten-free diet continues to rise. Also, despite an increasing belief that gluten is harmful for health, the potentially undesirable effects of gluten substitutions used in gluten-free foods are largely unknown. Due to the protein network encapsulating starch granules, gluten is thought to lengthen the amount of time needed during starch digestion, thereby reducing postprandial glycemia. Therefore, it is predicted that breads containing gluten will produce a lower glycemic response compared to gluten-free breads. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the glycemic response of gluten-free bread made with different types of flour compared to bread made with gluten-containing wheat flour. Methods: This study involved a 3-week, randomized, single blind crossover study in which 17 healthy individuals were asked to consume a different type of bread each week, 2 of which were gluten-free. Blood glucose was taken by finger prick at fasting as a baseline measurement, then for 2 hours after bread consumption in 30-minute increments. Results: Across the three groups, there was no significant difference in iAUC values after 120 minutes (p=0.192 ). The greatest mean was seen in the gluten-containing bread (145.3 ± 82.6), then the gluten-free bread made with rice flour (125.5 ± 62.8), and lastly the gluten-free bread made with potato and fava bean flour (112.4 ± 64.5). Conclusion: The inconsistent results of this study compared to previous, similar studies suggests that the postprandial glycemic response of gluten-free products can not be generalized as a whole, but instead is dependent on the type of product and the ingredients used to replace the gluten. Although the results did not show a significant difference, it does argue against the belief that gluten-free products are invariably better for health in the general, non-gluten sensitive population.
ContributorsWaznik, Lauren LaRue (Author) / Johnston, Carol (Thesis advisor) / Mayol-Kreiser, Sandra (Committee member) / Dixon, Kathleen (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019