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The main goal of this project is to discuss the evolution of women in medicine by focusing on their history and where they are today. Women have gone through a lot of obstacles to be able to work in competitive fields today. They have done tremendously and they have also broken several barriers to prove to world that it is possible to be a successful working female in the work field. The focus on Muslim female physicians is placed because many Muslim women are judged by their religion prior to getting to know who they truly are. Many of those Muslim women are very successful physicians who have set the bar high. Throughout this paper one on one interviews with Muslim females in medicine were conducted to show the outside world that Muslim women are just like any other working individual. They all have similar passions and the goal to heal. The mentality of women being the only caretaker and housewife has shifted over the years, in 2017, women are working in very competitive fields such as medicine, engineering, mathematics, science, research and more. This project also included an online survey which indicated how women in the medical field feel towards certain conditions. The results indicated that many women do in fact feel inferior to their male colleagues and they also felt that they had to work harder to prove their abilities. This is because there has always been the idea that no matter what a woman will not be as successful as a man and our history shows that people did believe that. However, on the bright side the interviews and survey conducted revealed that women will not let the discouragement of others put them down, instead they have worked hard and proved that they are fully capable of performing their duties as medical doctors.
ContributorsTohaibeche, Raneem (Author) / Ali, Souad T. (Thesis director) / Mousa, Neimeh (Committee member) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-12
Description
This project looks at the effects of American sanctions on the Sudanese economy. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the effects of the sanctions on the GDP (based on Purchasing Power Parity) of Sudan using linear regression analysis. We used a linear model to conduct analysis that included variables such as Sudan's trading partners, distance between Sudan and said partners, the GDP of these other countries, and whether there are sanctions imposed. The data collected runs from 1980 to 2011 \u2014 the year South Sudan became independent. The results of the analysis indicate that sanctions are ineffective in achieving their purpose which is ending the human rights violations in Sudan. The findings are consistent with arguments put forth by economics for decades.
ContributorsAli, Safa (Author) / Mendez, Jose (Thesis director) / Ali, Souad T. (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Criminology and Criminal Justice (Contributor) / Department of Economics (Contributor)
Created2014-12
Description
The goal of this project is to translate a philosophical book that discusses the inimitavility of the Holy Qur'an from a philosophical perspective. Half of the book "Inimitability of the Qur'an, between theory and application" by Mahmud Ni'mah Al-Jayyashi, was found to be the ideal choice for the project; thus, the specified part was translated. In the preface, the book discussed divisions of miracles and found that the Qur'an is an intellectual miracle. Then in the first chapter it discussed the aspects and foundations of miracles. It listed most of the inimitable aspects of the Holy Qur'an which were mentioned by different Muslin scholars. In the second chapter, it discussed the author's view of the main inimitable aspects of the Holy Qur'an. It also discussed the elements of the Qur'anic challenge by whom the Qur'an was sent, the no-contradiction challenge, and the pure and eloquent style of the Holy Qur'an.
ContributorsAl Moosawi, Mohamed (Author) / Risha, Sarah (Thesis director) / Neimeh, Mousa (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2014-12
Description
Modern medicine is a wonderfully complex field of study, with several advances in both its theoretical and practical aspects being made everyday. In light of the pride modern physicians and scientists take in their vast knowledge, it is important to remember how far we have come throughout history. Many civilizations and cultures around the world have made essential contributions to medicine, both great and small, but no one can deny the impact both ancient Chinese and Islamic medical and alchemical practices have had on modern medicine. Qi was the central principle behind Chinese correlative thought, and it was believed to be the one thing that drove human life, as it occurred everywhere. Written texts took an increasingly more prominent role in the transmission of knowledge, and in no time at all, the educated yi ("physician") emerged. Other noteworthy contributions include an early conceptualization of the circulatory system, the development of pharmacies, the establishment of proper medical school systems, and the emergence of a set of standard hygienic practices that would allow people to take responsibility for their own health. The scholars of the Islamic Golden Age, for the most part, seemed to decry the mixing of the occult with science, and therefore sought to draw a clear distinction between alchemy (by limiting its application to the transmutation of metals) and what they deemed "real" science. Notable contributions of Arab-Islamic scientists include the pioneering of a hospital prototype, along with the development of the science of chemistry and the introduction of the experimental laboratory as the birthplace of new scientific knowledge. The important question that has yet to be answered is how extensive the connection was between the Chinese and Arab worlds. Trade was thriving during the medieval period, and so it is not wrong to assume that the exchange of goods would go hand-in-hand with the exchange of knowledge. We may never fully know exactly what happened, but further research on this topic may eventually bring an answer to light.
ContributorsRaban, Miranda Meriam (Author) / Bokenkamp, Stephen (Thesis director) / Ling, Xiaoqiao (Committee member) / Ali, Souad T. (Committee member) / School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
Westerners frequently describe women in Islam as oppressed, abused and subservient beings that are in dire need to be saved. Their arguments are often based on societies that have very strict laws concerning women and modesty, women's roles and their visibility. They make these claims, all while failing to address the oppression of women in the West and how the institutions and laws in the West oppress women. Islam is often associated with misogyny because people use a small scope of what happens to some women who happen to be Muslim. While a multitude of women in Muslim-majority countries do experience some form of oppression, what needs to be addressed is patriarchy and not Islam. Islam is not inherently misogynistic and if the true teachings of the Qur'an were learned and executed, then it would be evident that Islam is quite a feminist faith. There is an imbalance in the amount of critique we see for Islam vs. other religions. Many Christian countries have similar problems regarding women, but they do not receive the same kind of backlash or any at all. Eastern countries may be behind in feminism by a few decades, but it does not mean that the West did/does not have the same issues. The West tends to paint all Muslims and Muslim-majority countries with a broad brush, which consequently fuels the negative stereotypes and prejudices with respect to Muslims. There are also frequent assaults against Muslim women in America who wear hijabs and women in France that are being forced to remove their hijabs, but we do not see the same kind of outrage from Westerners regarding those issues. In this paper, I will examine various interpretations of the Qur'an, scholarly articles, films, case studies, and interviews to draw my conclusions. Through this analysis, I will demonstrate that the issues regarding women are due to a patriarchal society and not because of the Muslim faith.
ContributorsHickcox, Mary-Victoria Luseane (Author) / Ali, Souad T. (Thesis director) / Mousa, Neimeh (Committee member) / Division of Teacher Preparation (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution and Social Change (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
Description
Throughout modern culture and the political arena religious intolerance and misinformation runs rampant. Recent presidential elections have brought two minority religions (in the U.S.) to the forefront of national media attention and national dialogue-leading to presumptions, misunderstandings, and personal opinions that don't necessarily address the realities of the religions. Brought to the forefront by presidential candidates religions or by candidates targeting individual religions for their "connections" to terrorism, the LDS Church and Islam have become targets of religious bias and attacks. Even further attacked have been the women within these religions-who have often been deemed as objectified and oppressed as a result of their religions. This thesis examines religious text and scholarly work to take an objective examination of the religions and describes the realities of the life for the women-separating actual doctrine in the religion from what is a cultural norm and not a representation of the religion itself. By looking at women's roles and the dress code within Islam and Mormonism, this thesis compares Mormon and Muslim women and shows that they are integral parts of their religion with agency, not objectified victims of a system.
ContributorsWarren, Annie Michelle (Author) / Ali, Souad T. (Thesis director) / Daughtrey, Doe (Committee member) / Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor) / Economics Program in CLAS (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
Female circumcision, or more commonly known to the world as Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), is a human rights abuse that has been taken seriously by the international community since the late 1990s. Since this practice is most common in Africa, this study puts a spotlight on female circumcision in Sudan. The prevalence in Sudan of this practice has informed a lot of research on the subject, but for the purpose of the paper, there is a specific focus on the discussion of female circumcision as it pertains to human rights. The discourse surrounding the topic of female circumcision in Sudan, as well as the international community in general, is sometimes divisive, patronizing, and not culturally competent. This paper explores the human rights abusive practice of female circumcision in Sudan and discusses its tradition, the types of circumcision performed, the history behind it, and the religious debates surrounding it. Most importantly, this paper discusses the political and colonial influences that informed how the international community framed the issue of female circumcision today. This paper critiques the colonial approach to eradicating circumcision, and speaks to the non-intended neo colonialist approach that the United Nations currently takes when it comes to "Female Genital Mutilation." Understanding these religious and colonial influences behind female circumcision will inform the analysis of what has been done to combat the practice in Sudan, as well as what is presently happening. The paper will end with my recommendations. These recommendations will seek the best approach to help victims of Female Circumcision without provoking them from a provincial, colonialist attitude.
ContributorsIsmail, Selma Ismail (Author) / Ali, Souad T. (Thesis director) / Mousa, Neimeh (Committee member) / W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor) / School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
“Recite (read)! In the name of your lord who has created all that exists” (1:96 Qur‟an). “Iqra” was the first word revealed to the Prophet of Islam (PBUH). The word “iqra” is an imperative verb in Arabic, and in the context of the verse it is commanding the Prophet (PBUH) to recite. This fact carries great significance as it was the first command given to the Muslims (Ibn Kathir). Muslims believe the Qur'an is in its original form and language, Arabic. Arabic is considered to be in inexhaustible language due to its vast vocabulary and root-based origin (Humza Yusuf). Each root is typically based on three letters, which are conjugated in different ways to creating individual words. Any word in the Qur'an can be traced back to a root word, thus enhancing the meaning of each carefully chosen phrase (Ibn Kathir). The word “al-Qur'an”, means, the book that is recited, therefore, it is fitting that the first verse revealed pertains to its recital. According to history the majority of civilizations were built off scripture or books. The Greeks had Homer, the Egyptians had hieroglyphics, the Christians had the Bible, and the Hebrews had the Torah. Interestingly enough, the Pre-Islamic Arabs were an ancient civilization with no book; the Qur'an was the first book in Arabic history. This was earthshattering for the Arabs of the time, as it was something new and went against the tradition, however, the revelation of the Qur'an proved to be the most influential occurrence in the Arab history. The Qur'an is a literary masterpiece, flaunting its superior style forming moving and powerful verses. The layout of the Qur'an is quite simple, as it contains thirty parts, called ajzaa (juz singular), which altogether make up 114 chapters, called surahs (Humza Yusuf). The beginning surahs are longer, and the verses are lengthy, while the latter surahs are much shorter and the verses are succinct and direct (Qur'an al Kareem). Each verse is known as an “ayah, ayaat (pl)” directly translated to mean a “sign” or a “miracle” in the Arabic language. There are over 6,600 ayaat in the Qur'an, ranging from some just one or two words, while others are hundreds of words. Each surah, has a general theme, and each surah is given at least one title, while a few surahs have more than one title (Humza Yusuf).
ContributorsShakoor, Momin (Author) / Ali, Souad T. (Thesis director) / Gallab, Abdullahi (Committee member) / Risha, Sarah (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor)
Created2012-12
Description
This thesis examines the lived experiences of nine Eritrean refugee women resettled in Phoenix through personal narratives to understand their struggles towards achieving economic empowerment. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, the women shared their upbringing, resettlement journey, adjustment in Phoenix, Arizona, and reflections on gender and cultural issues that impact their lives. The women interviewed were between ages 18-46 with varying levels of English, education, and work experience. Interviews with agency staff members and volunteers familiar with refugee women's empowerment and/or Eritrean refugee women were also conducted. By evaluating the women's voices and stories, this thesis aims to propose relevant, culturally appropriate, and sustainable services that can effectively address the women's needs and understand the factors that can empower them in their new communities. Major themes that emerged from the women's narratives include the desire to organize and reach out beyond the refugee community, the importance of English language, mixed expectations of assistance and life in the U.S, and the social status of women in Eritrean culture. Based on the women's feedback, a meaningful group would incorporate elements such as improving language, connecting with culturally-familiar mentors, flexible scheduling, developing small businesses, and resources for income generation and educational opportunities. Eventual participation in the women's empowerment programs offered by local agencies is also recommended.
ContributorsAberra, Nesima Selam (Author) / Cruz-Torres, Maria (Thesis director) / Switzer, Heather (Committee member) / Ali, Souad T. (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor) / School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies (Contributor)
Created2013-05
Description
The use of drone warfare in Pakistan has long been a contentious topic. Drones have had a number of adverse effects on the people of Waziristan. The focus of this thesis will be on the effects drone warfare have had on the mental and psychological health of the victims and children of Waziristan. Scholarly articles, research studies, and reports were researched in order to discuss the background of drone strikes in Waziristan, the legality of drone warfare, the data around drone strike casualties in Waziristan, and the effects of drone strikes on the psychological and mental health of children and victims in Waziristan. After discussion of these topics, several suggestions for reparations for the people of Waziristan are addressed in the conclusion.
ContributorsHalepota, Mahmeer Alam (Author) / Ali, Souad T. (Thesis director) / Mousa, Neimeh (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05