![130330-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130330-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=i07fPE0nHI3CicBrgCjqMntJktdu7VWB&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240606/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240606T084857Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=a76f2cc7f59cbc80b6d3a63a16770b510f2671a650a1fb41b385ff29096dd448&itok=05ZHk0oZ)
![130333-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130333-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=jgric8NrXQ2TCm9KnEa39oWNBBGLhsTn&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T095622Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=2f78508ef1d38bd0c2b0f42ce4274bfca112d2805e71911fcde0a5bc8c2c66a8&itok=NDqh4JUY)
![130345-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130345-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=3296ehqsGwtIzHE1iM2DxdfCxgccfHa2&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T191050Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=fd15d66c9ea40c272a87c8390e6612c6426c1d5f7efc79ca96ac77b51b4824b4&itok=TRkv9S2b)
Grasshoppers Regulate N: P Stoichiometric Homeostasis by Changing Phosphorus Contents in Their Frass
![130426-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130426-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=wx9vdq1A0jGMESHhT7xjuyjAhnBRPbef&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T193905Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=ac45c6a093f80df18f3b17e040fe236fecc77df2f3757ac13488753816a4aa81&itok=U5vb6GxU)
![130431-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/130431-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=StIoCq0ACSN_OLG1MwzddN8BzAurDtPY&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T222400Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=194fa49450cda8c2656c7149bebc0d4bd09eded8e818b6c8e087c7d7dd9d5da0&itok=S2-x_S9-)
![160731-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-09/160731-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=67gUPDcxcOKlfNGFXXGCiX3OzqLkr76l&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240614/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240614T210616Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=07827cde4184a38c74e5b2f1f8829b45fe4c4bb1a6614d3ff346c1cfff095bfc&itok=Ol51wjOc)
The City of Phoenix Street Transportation Department partnered with the Rob and Melani Walton Sustainability Solutions Service at Arizona State University (ASU) and researchers from various ASU schools to evaluate the effectiveness, performance, and community perception of the new pavement coating. The data collection and analysis occurred across multiple neighborhoods and at varying times across days and/or months over the course of one year (July 15, 2020–July 14, 2021), allowing the team to study the impacts of the surface treatment under various weather conditions.
![168733-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2022-08/168733-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=GXcVI1dl7vjO1.Wp0aJkf.Q8ArimS0yc&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T075619Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=2d6f5ac1d3b1862a337191bd6354e988602f2bdf5e5dec1d68f40a770c3e53c5&itok=USMbFzgr)
![157836-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-09/157836-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=F.5l3oq_5uZqaCT90Y82oJFH2t.uNAap&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240615/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240615T090304Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=c2d3cd1b8be5803ce991748d9579a929116c3561369e748090e5d17eb09e45d4&itok=MJSyRCHH)
Domestic dogs have assisted humans for millennia. However, the extent to which these helpful behaviors are prosocially motivated remains unclear. To assess the propensity of pet dogs to spontaneously and actively rescue distressed humans, this study tested whether sixty pet dogs would release their seemingly trapped owners from a large box. To examine the causal mechanisms that shaped this behavior, the readiness of each dog to open the box was tested in three conditions: 1) the owner sat in the box and called for help (“Distress” test), 2) an experimenter placed high-value food rewards in the box (“Food” test), and 3) the owner sat in the box and calmly read aloud (“Reading” test).
Dogs were as likely to release their distressed owner as to retrieve treats from inside the box, indicating that rescuing an owner may be a highly rewarding action for dogs. After accounting for ability, dogs released the owner more often when the owner called for help than when the owner read aloud calmly. In addition, opening latencies decreased with test number in the Distress test but not the Reading test. Thus, rescuing the owner could not be attributed solely to social facilitation, stimulus enhancement, or social contact-seeking behavior.
Dogs displayed more stress behaviors in the Distress test than in the Reading test, and stress scores decreased with test number in the Reading test but not in the Distress test. This evidence of emotional contagion supports the hypothesis that rescuing the distressed owner was an empathetically-motivated prosocial behavior. Success in the Food task and previous (in-home) experience opening objects were both strong predictors of releasing the owner. Thus, prosocial behavior tests for dogs should control for physical ability and previous experience.
![129562-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/129562-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=dn6e.Fe6tj3ZmzsIIN3ydcM98wEDTE53&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T024453Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=f7516b57133ceccfc823d6e2bd8f7ebf5efec601abf72223add05377addb0c58&itok=NsiZ8uYo)
The objective of articulating sustainability visions through modeling is to enhance the outcomes and process of visioning in order to successfully move the system toward a desired state. Models emphasize approaches to develop visions that are viable and resilient and are crafted to adhere to sustainability principles. This approach is largely assembled from visioning processes (resulting in descriptions of desirable future states generated from stakeholder values and preferences) and participatory modeling processes (resulting in systems-based representations of future states co-produced by experts and stakeholders). Vision modeling is distinct from normative scenarios and backcasting processes in that the structure and function of the future desirable state is explicitly articulated as a systems model. Crafting, representing and evaluating the future desirable state as a systems model in participatory settings is intended to support compliance with sustainability visioning quality criteria (visionary, sustainable, systemic, coherent, plausible, tangible, relevant, nuanced, motivational and shared) in order to develop rigorous and operationalizable visions. We provide two empirical examples to demonstrate the incorporation of vision modeling in research practice and education settings. In both settings, vision modeling was used to develop, represent, simulate and evaluate future desirable states. This allowed participants to better identify, explore and scrutinize sustainability solutions.
![129574-Thumbnail Image.png](https://d1rbsgppyrdqq4.cloudfront.net/s3fs-public/styles/width_400/public/2021-04/129574-Thumbnail%20Image.png?versionId=YAy6kIWnysmfdKgt.R1jkN5GMHI1_ywc&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIASBVQ3ZQ42ZLA5CUJ/20240616/us-west-2/s3/aws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240616T024453Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=120&X-Amz-Signature=645df68ea5e124191e56d813bf068a923ad4e8cb212385dc7354e58c37c2de1a&itok=woAEDDsc)
It has become common for sustainability science and resilience theory to be considered as complementary approaches. Occasionally the terms have been used interchangeably. Although these two approaches share some working principles and objectives, they also are based on some distinct assumptions about the operation of systems and how we can best guide these systems into the future. Each approach would benefit from some scholars keeping sustainability science and resilience theory separate and focusing on further developing their distinctiveness and other scholars continuing to explore them in combination. Three areas of research in which following different procedures might be beneficial are whether to prioritize outcomes or system dynamics, how best to take advantage of community input, and increasing the use of knowledge of the past as a laboratory for potential innovations.