Matching Items (333)
Description
The purpose of this project was to discuss the physiological effects of isolation on the human body and how the body adapts. Through reviewing stories and studies of social and perceptual isolation, the adaptations of the human mind are detailed. This project explores the experiences of prisoners, sensory deprivation tanks, cave explorations, as well as studies involving monkeys and carpenter ants. The adaptations witnessed include hallucinations, increased mortality, anxiety, agitation, altered sense of time, delayed response, and lowered blood pressure. Knowing the factors surrounding the isolation experience is crucial to understand the presenting adaptation methods. These factors include duration, voluntary or involuntary participation, mental strength, and the restriction level of the isolation.
DISCLAIMER: Due to the unexpected COVID-19 pandemic, the attached podcast is a draft recording in lieu of the final recording
DISCLAIMER: Due to the unexpected COVID-19 pandemic, the attached podcast is a draft recording in lieu of the final recording
ContributorsSidhu, Nimrit (Co-author) / Deacon, Hannah (Co-author) / Hyatt, JP (Thesis director) / Kingsbury, Jeffrey (Committee member) / School of Social Work (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Plant viral vectors have previously been used to produce high expression levels of antibodies and other proteins of interest. By utilizing a transformed Agrobacterium with the vector containing the protein of interest for infiltration, viral vectors can easily reach the plant cells making it an effective form of transient protein expression. For this project two different plant viral vectors were compared; the geminiviral vector derived from Bean yellow dwarf virus (BeYDV) and the MagnICON vector system derived from Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV) and Potato Virus X(PVX). E16, an antibody against West Nile virus, has previously been expressed using both systems but expression levels between the systems were not directly compared. Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 cells were transformed with both systems and expression levels of E16 were quantified using ELISAs. Results showed very low expression levels of E16 using the geminiviral vector indicating a need for further investigation into the clone used as previous studies reported much higher expression levels with the system.
ContributorsMurphy, Skylar (Author) / Chen, Qiang (Thesis director) / Jugler, Collin (Committee member) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA-formyltransferase (MTFMT) is essential for mitochondrial protein translation. The MTFMT gene encodes for an enzyme of the same name, which acts to formylate the methionine of mitochondrial Met-tRNA(Met). In Homo sapiens, MTFMT-formylated-tRNA is an initiator and elongator for the synthesis of 13 mitochondrially-encoded proteins in complexes I, III and IV of the ETC. To understand this mechanism, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive analysis of energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) among impacted patients. Alterations to this gene vary, with the most documented as a single-splice-site mutation (c.626C>T). Here, we discuss MTFMT involvement in mitochondrial protein translation and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Leigh Syndrome and combined OXPHOS deficiency, in two families. We aim to delineate the impact of OXPHOS dysfunction in patients presenting with MTFMT mutation.
ContributorsChain, Kelsey (Author) / Chen, Qiang (Thesis director) / Rangasamy, Sampathkumar (Committee member) / Narayanan, Vinodh (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The purpose of this thesis creative project was to create an educational video to present research findings on the increasingly important issue of human biospecimen preanalytic variables. When a human biospecimen, such as blood, urine, or tissue, is removed from the body, it is subjected to a plethora of variables that are not recorded or regulated in a vast majority of cases. Frequently, these samples arrive at the research or pathology lab with an unknown history, then undergo analysis for translational research purposes, or to guide clinical management decisions. Thus, compromised specimen quality caused by preanalytic variables has substantial, and potentially devastating, downstream effects. To identify the preanalytic variables with the greatest impact on blood and tissue specimen quality, 45 articles were gathered using PubMed and Google Scholar databases and cited. Based on the articles, the top five variables with the most detrimental effects were identified for both blood and tissue samples. Multiple sets of parameters ensuring specimen fitness were compared for each of the five variables for each specimen type. Then, specific parameters guaranteeing the fitness of the greatest number of analytes were verified. To present the research findings in greater detail, a paper was written that focused on identifying the top variables and key parameters to ensure analyte fitness. To present the overall issue in an easy-to-digest format, a storyboard and script were created as a guideline for a final video project. Ultimately, two alternate versions of the video were created to pertain to the audience of choice (one version for patients, one version for professionals). It is the hope that these videos will be used as educational tools to continue efforts to standardize and enforce human biospecimen preanalytic variable parameters. This is a necessary step to improve the accuracy of our biomedical research data and the healthcare of patients worldwide.
ContributorsAzcarate, Heather (Author) / Compton, Carolyn (Thesis director) / LaBaer, Joshua (Committee member) / Borges, Chad (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2018-12
Description
“Let Food be Thy Medicine” focuses on alternative treatment for patients suffering from obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Nutrition is an important aspect of overall health and can contribute to prevention and management of these conditions, especially when combined with medication and physical activity. Obesity is a condition that people worldwide struggle with. Adequate nutrition can play a major role in contributing to the prevention of and management of obesity not only through calorie and macronutrient intake but also by affecting hormonal and energy balances in the body. Recommended physical activity levels are included along with dietary
utritional intake recommendations on the educational pamphlet to give patients a starting guideline and better understanding how to help this condition. Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease are also common conditions treated by healthcare professionals. There are currently several medications on the market to help manage these conditions that range in price and have many side effects. Nutrition and exercise are two factors that can further contribute to the management of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease, but they can also help prevent and delay their onset. Nutrition and physical activity education along with examples of certain foods that can aid in reaching nutritional goals are outlined in the educational pamphlet to give patients a visual of what is in the academic paper.
utritional intake recommendations on the educational pamphlet to give patients a starting guideline and better understanding how to help this condition. Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease are also common conditions treated by healthcare professionals. There are currently several medications on the market to help manage these conditions that range in price and have many side effects. Nutrition and exercise are two factors that can further contribute to the management of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and coronary artery disease, but they can also help prevent and delay their onset. Nutrition and physical activity education along with examples of certain foods that can aid in reaching nutritional goals are outlined in the educational pamphlet to give patients a visual of what is in the academic paper.
ContributorsCarson, Caitlin Colleen (Author) / Day, Kimberly (Thesis director) / Levinson, Simin (Committee member) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
This paper reviews a creative project designed to enhance the simulation experience for College of Nursing and Health Innovation nursing students at Arizona State University. Simulation allows students to practice imperative skills in a safe environment, free from the risk of injury to patients and the consequences of making these errors, in order to master skills that are essential in the clinical setting. Students are able to practice a wide range of invasive and noninvasive skills and hone in on their clinical judgement and critical thinking to make decisions that may be life threatening in a clinical situation. The group members designed written training materials and created corresponding video vignettes that would be utilized to enhance the confederate role and provide the students a deeper understanding of their simulated patient and the simulation scenario. The written training materials that were developed include confederate background information, patient and family education, and guided questions and answers for the video vignettes. The written training materials will be used to guide the students that are portraying the family member during the simulation. Trained standardized patients were hired to play the confederate role in the four video vignettes. The video vignettes portrayed interviews with a family member of the patient that delved into how they felt about their family member's hospitalization and what they hoped to learn from the nurses during their family member's hospitalization. The vignettes will be used to guide students to the needs of the patients and families in the corresponding scenarios. These vignettes will be accessible by students before the start of simulation in order to enhance understanding of the patient and ultimately, the scenario.
ContributorsBenn, Allie (Co-author) / Kiesling, Hannah (Co-author) / O'Brien, Janet (Thesis director) / Calacci, Margaret (Committee member) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12
Description
The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the content of nutrition marketing materials within the cafeterias of schools in Central Arizona. By collecting photographs of marketing material from three elementary schools, one K-8 school, three middle schools and three high schools, 59 pieces of nutrition marketing were gathered. The schools chosen were a convenience sample and selected from schools that were already participating in ASU' s School Lunch Study. The photographs were sorted by grade level and then coded quantitatively and qualitatively for their purpose, visual components, strategies used and relevance. Results from this novel study provided insight into prevalence, size, textual content, educational content, strategies for fruit and vegetable marketing, messaging and overall design of existing nutrition marketing within the sample schools. This study found that the prevalence of nutrition marketing within all school cafeterias appeared to be low, particularly within elementary and middle schools. Diverse types of messaging were present among elementary, middle and high schools and a variety of appeals were utilized with little consistency. Many of the strategies used in the nutrition marketing appeared disconnected from the population it was intended to appeal to. Educational components were notably lacking within middle school cafeterias but were often effectively integrated into high school nutrition marketing. The results are unique to this population, and further research is required to evaluate the content of existing nutrition material on a larger scale, so efforts can be made to improve the persuasiveness of nutrition marketing in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption.
ContributorsXavier, Raevyn Francine (Author) / Bruening, Meg (Thesis director) / Adams, Marc (Committee member) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12
Description
Cleavage and polyadenylation is a step in mRNA processing in which the 3’UTR is cleaved and a polyA tail is added to create a final mature transcript. This process relies on RNA sequence elements that guide a large multimeric protein complex named the Cleavage and Polyadenylation Complex to dock on the 3’UTR and execute the cleavage reaction. Interactions of the complex with the RNA and specific dynamics of complex recruitment and formation still remain largely uncharacterized. In our lab we have identified an Adenosine residue as the nucleotide most often present at the cleavage site, although it is unclear whether this specific element is a required instructor of cleavage and polyadenylation. To address whether the Adenosine residue is necessary and sufficient for the cleavage and polyadenylation reaction, we mutated this nucleotide at the cleavage site in three C. elegans protein coding genes, forcing the expression of these wt and mutant 3’UTRs, and studied how the cleavage and polyadenylation machinery process these genes in vivo. We found that interrupting the wt sequence elements found at the cleavage site interferes with the cleavage and polyadenylation reaction, suggesting that the sequence close to the end of the transcript plays a role in modulating the site of the RNA cleavage. This activity is also gene-specific. Genes such as ges-1 showed little disruption in the cleavage of the transcript, with similar location occurring in both the wt and mutant 3’UTRs. On the other hand, mutation of the cleavage site in genes such as Y106G6H.9 caused the activation of new cryptic cleavage sites within the transcript. Taken together, my experiments suggest that the sequence elements at the cleavage site somehow participate in the reaction to guide the cleavage reaction to occur at an exact site. This work will help to better understand the mechanisms of transcription termination in vivo and will push forward research aimed to study post-transcriptional gene regulation in eukaryotes.
ContributorsSteber, Hannah Suzanne (Author) / Mangone, Marco (Thesis director) / Harris, Robin (Committee member) / LaBaer, Joshua (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor, Contributor) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
Background
African American women report insufficient physical activity and are disproportionally burdened by associated disease conditions; indicating the need for innovative approaches to promote physical activity in this underserved population. Social media platforms (i.e. Facebook) and text messaging represent potential mediums to promote physical activity. This paper reports the results of a randomized pilot trial evaluating a theory-based (Social Cognitive Theory) multi-component intervention using Facebook and text-messages to promote physical activity among African American women.
Methods
Participants (N = 29) were randomly assigned to receive one of two multi-component physical activity interventions over 8 weeks: a culturally-relevant, Social Cognitive Theory-based, intervention delivered by Facebook and text message (FI) (n = 14), or a non-culturally tailored print-based intervention (PI) (n = 15) consisting of promotion brochures mailed to their home. The primary outcome of physical activity was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity, physical activity-related psychosocial variables, and participant satisfaction.
Results
All randomized participants (N = 29) completed the study. Accelerometer measured physical activity showed that FI participants decreased sedentary time (FI = −74 minutes/week vs. PI = +118 minute/week) and increased light intensity (FI = +95 minutes/week vs. PI = +59 minutes/week) and moderate-lifestyle intensity physical activity (FI = + 27 minutes/week vs. PI = −34 minutes/week) in comparison to PI participants (all P’s < .05). No between group differences for accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity were observed (P > .05). Results of secondary outcomes showed that in comparison to the PI, FI participants self-reported greater increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (FI = +62 minutes/week vs. PI = +6 minutes/week; P = .015) and had greater enhancements in self-regulation for physical activity (P < .001) and social support from family for physical activity (P = .044). Satisfaction with the FI was also high: 100% reported physical activity-related knowledge gains and 100% would recommend the program to a friend.
Conclusions
A culturally-relevant Facebook and text message delivered physical activity program was associated with several positive outcomes, including decreased sedentary behavior, increased light- and moderate-lifestyle intensity physical activity, enhanced psychosocial outcomes, and high participant satisfaction. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to further explore the efficacy of technology-based approaches to promote physical activity among African American women.
African American women report insufficient physical activity and are disproportionally burdened by associated disease conditions; indicating the need for innovative approaches to promote physical activity in this underserved population. Social media platforms (i.e. Facebook) and text messaging represent potential mediums to promote physical activity. This paper reports the results of a randomized pilot trial evaluating a theory-based (Social Cognitive Theory) multi-component intervention using Facebook and text-messages to promote physical activity among African American women.
Methods
Participants (N = 29) were randomly assigned to receive one of two multi-component physical activity interventions over 8 weeks: a culturally-relevant, Social Cognitive Theory-based, intervention delivered by Facebook and text message (FI) (n = 14), or a non-culturally tailored print-based intervention (PI) (n = 15) consisting of promotion brochures mailed to their home. The primary outcome of physical activity was assessed by ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity, physical activity-related psychosocial variables, and participant satisfaction.
Results
All randomized participants (N = 29) completed the study. Accelerometer measured physical activity showed that FI participants decreased sedentary time (FI = −74 minutes/week vs. PI = +118 minute/week) and increased light intensity (FI = +95 minutes/week vs. PI = +59 minutes/week) and moderate-lifestyle intensity physical activity (FI = + 27 minutes/week vs. PI = −34 minutes/week) in comparison to PI participants (all P’s < .05). No between group differences for accelerometer measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity were observed (P > .05). Results of secondary outcomes showed that in comparison to the PI, FI participants self-reported greater increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (FI = +62 minutes/week vs. PI = +6 minutes/week; P = .015) and had greater enhancements in self-regulation for physical activity (P < .001) and social support from family for physical activity (P = .044). Satisfaction with the FI was also high: 100% reported physical activity-related knowledge gains and 100% would recommend the program to a friend.
Conclusions
A culturally-relevant Facebook and text message delivered physical activity program was associated with several positive outcomes, including decreased sedentary behavior, increased light- and moderate-lifestyle intensity physical activity, enhanced psychosocial outcomes, and high participant satisfaction. Future studies with larger samples are warranted to further explore the efficacy of technology-based approaches to promote physical activity among African American women.
ContributorsJoseph, Rodney (Author) / Keller, Colleen (Author) / Adams, Marc (Author) / Ainsworth, Barbara (Author) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor)
Created2015-03-27
Description
The aim of this review is to explore the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on Registered Nurse's rate of burnout and stress. Particularly focusing on the mitigation and decrease of burnout. Burnout is a multifaceted, complex issue that has become engrained in the culture of nursing and a widespread epidemic. Burnout has detrimental effects for the quality of life of the nurse, patient outcomes, interprofessional collaboration, and nursing practice. A systematic literature review incorporating qualitative data and analyzing the quantitative data was conducted. Studies on the effects of mindfulness-based interventions for nurses relating to burnout published between January 2008 and May 2018 were identified through a systematic search in electronic databases: CINHAL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, and PubMed. Gray literature was searched through Scopus and clinical trials were explored through clincialtrials.gov. Data analysis was based on 8 data points that were extracted from the research. A total of 17 articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic literature review. There were several different types of studies including single group intervention study, randomized control trial interventions studies, mixed model, quasi-experimental studies with controls, and a non-randomized controlled comparison. All relied on self-reporting scales and questionnaire for quantitative pre-post intervention changes. Overall, the 10 of the 17 studies found that there was a statistically significant decrease in burnout rates and an increase in mindfulness post intervention. Several other factors improved in a number of studies such as quality of life, decreased stress, increased sense of personal accomplishment, and decreased emotional exhaustion. There were also indications of an improvement in the individual's holistic well-being (e.g. inner state of calmness, awareness and enthusiasm) relating to improved mindfulness levels in 12 of the studies. Based on the results of this systematic review, mindfulness may be considered a potentially effective intervention for decreasing nurse burnout and mitigating future burnout. This intervention could be useful in a number of contexts including on-site and off-site programs with institutional support. Future research should explore longitudinal outcomes of mindfulness practice, symptom focused outcome measures, and multi-modal studies.
ContributorsGeurtz, Heidi Frances (Author) / Larkey, Linda (Thesis director) / Costello, Jennifer (Committee member) / Arizona State University. College of Nursing & Healthcare Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-12