Matching Items (4)
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- All Subjects: Heaviness Perception
- All Subjects: Sex differences (Psychology) in adolescence
- Creators: Amazeen, Polemnia G
- Creators: Marsili, Teresa
Description
Adolescents' clay sculpture has been researched significantly less than their drawings. I spent approximately six weeks in a ceramics class located at a high school in a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona in order to explore how gender affected subject matter preference in students' three dimensional clay sculpture. Gender studies on children's drawings reveal that males favor fantasy, violence, aggression, sports, and power, while females favor realism, domestic and social experience, physical appearance, care and concern, nature and animals. My three main research questions in this study were 1) How did gender affect subject matter in adolescents' three-dimensional clay sculpture? 2) What similarities or differences existed between females' and males' subject matter preference in sculpture and their subject matter preference in drawing? 3) Assuming that significant gender differences existed, how successful would the students be with a project that favored opposite gender themed subject matter? I found that although males and females had gender differences between subject matter in their clay sculptures, there were exceptions. In addition, the nature of clay affected this study in many ways. Teachers and students need to be well prepared for issues that arise during construction of clay sculptures so that students are able to use clay to fully express their ideas.
ContributorsMarsili, Teresa (Author) / Stokrocki, Mary (Thesis advisor) / Young, Bernard (Committee member) / Erickson, Mary (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2011
Description
In response to the recent publication and media coverage of several books that support educating boys and girls separately, more public schools in the United States are beginning to offer same-sex schooling options. Indeed, students may be more comfortable interacting solely with same-sex peers, as boys and girls often have difficulty in their interactions with each other; however, given that boys and girls often interact beyond the classroom, researchers must discover why boys and girls suffer difficult other-sex interactions and determine what can be done to improve them. We present two studies aimed at examining such processes. Both studies were conducted from a dynamical systems perspective that highlights the role of variability in dyadic social interactions to capture temporal changes in interpersonal coordination. The first focused on the utility of applying dynamics to the study of same- and mixed-sex interactions and examined the relation of the quality of those interactions to participants' perceptions of their interaction partners. The second study was an extension of the first, examining how dynamical dyadic coordination affected students' self-perceived abilities and beliefs in science, with the intention of examining social predictors of girls' and women's under-representation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
ContributorsDiDonato, Matthew D (Author) / Martin, Carol L (Thesis advisor) / Amazeen, Polemnia G (Committee member) / Hanish, Laura D. (Committee member) / Updegraff, Kimberly A (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
Perceived heaviness of lifted objects has been shown to scale to a ratio of muscle activity and movement during elbow lifts. This scaling reflects the importance of the forces applied to an object and the resulting kinematics for this perception. The current study determined whether these perceived heaviness dynamics are similar in other lifting conditions. Anatomically sourced context-conditioned variability has implications for motor control. The current study investigated whether these implications also hold for heaviness perception. In two experiments participants lifted objects with knee extension lifts and with several arm lifts and reported perceived heaviness. The resulting psychophysiological functions revealed the hypothesized muscle activity and movement ratio in both leg and arms lifts. Further, principal component regressions showed that the forearm flexors and corresponding joint angular accelerations were most relevant for perceived heaviness during arm lifts. Perceived heaviness dynamics are similar in the arms and legs.
ContributorsWaddell, Morgan (Author) / Amazeen, Eric L (Thesis advisor) / Amazeen, Polemnia G (Committee member) / Brewer, Gene A. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
In order to perceive the heaviness of an object, one must wield it. This requires muscle activity and its resulting movements. Research has shown that muscle activity and movement combine for this perception in a manner inspired by Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion. Research in this area has relied on specific movement and muscle activity measures that often capture one moment of a lift. The current set of experiments set out to determine which measures best capture the underlying phenomena that lead to heaviness perception during a lift. In the first experiment, participants lifted stimuli with an elbow flexion lift while their muscle activity and movement were recorded. Participants reported their perceived heaviness of the stimuli as soon as they reached it, which resulted in an average decision angle of around 30-degrees. In the second and third experiments, participants the same stimuli with the same elbow flexion lift in four perturbation conditions – they experienced perturbations at 15-degrees of the lift, 30-degrees, 45-degrees, and with no perturbation. In the second experiment, participants experienced a physical perturbation and a cognitive perturbation in the third experiment. Across Experiments 2 and 3, the pattern of results suggested that the more time participants have in a lift, the more proportion correct, muscle activity, and movement measures appears like they do in the no perturbation condition. Additionally, a logistic least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to determine which measures best predicted perception. Results show that the integrated electromyogram of the biceps brachii that occurs after peak acceleration (iEMG BB after pACC) and Average Acceleration, which are both measures that capture more than one point of a lift, predicted heaviness perception. A new model of heaviness perception was then developed, using these new measures. Comparing this New Model to an Original Model from Waddell et al., 2016 resulted in better prediction from the New Model – suggesting that measure that capture more of a lift better predict heaviness perception, meaning that an entire ongoing action event is important for perception.
ContributorsWaddell, Morgan Leigh (Author) / Amazeen, Eric L (Thesis advisor) / Amazeen, Polemnia G (Committee member) / Glenberg, Arthur M (Committee member) / Gray, Rob (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021