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This thesis evaluates how films from Western Europe portray the social, political and economic degradation that allows the American influence to rise leading up to the Cold War. Specifically, this thesis evaluates classic films from Weimar Germany, the Soviet Union, post-fascist Italy and post-Vichy France as historical and cultural artifacts that depict the harsh conditions of postwar life and how American influence revitalized daily European life. While the American influence (defined as the support of democracy, technological modernization and a capitalist economy) was supported by many struggling Europeans who looked to the United States as a standard to rebuild, critics from each country viewed American influence as a threat to the stability of national independence which they sought to maintain as recovery balanced postwar society.
ContributorsBarney, Clinton (Author) / Gilfillan, Daniel (Thesis director) / Hedberg Olenina, Ana (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of English (Contributor) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies, Sch (Contributor)
Created2022-05
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The question of the origin of the Etruscan people has been hotly debated since antiquity. Were the Etruscans native to Italy, or did this people immigrate from somewhere else? This thesis examines the historical, genetic, linguistic and cultural context of the Etruscans to answer this question.
ContributorsMyers, Sydney (Author) / Sullivan, Benjamin (Thesis director) / Hartung, Blake (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies, Sch (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
This thesis examines the history of abortion law in Italy and the current status of abortion access, finding that ambiguities in legal wording significantly contribute to the current inaccessibility of abortion throughout the country. Lack of clarity regarding conscientious objection has lead to widespread rates of objection across Italy, limiting women's ability to find providers willing to perform the service. In addition, because the law does not expressly state what procedures are included under conscientious objection, women may be denied pre- or post-abortion care and face difficulties finding treatment for miscarriages. Finally, I explore potential avenues to ameliorate the current status of abortion access in Italy.
ContributorsJohnson, Olivia (Author) / Maienschein, Jane (Thesis director) / Ziganshina, Dina (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies, Sch (Contributor) / Department of English (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
In the European Union, the challenges surrounding migration are increasingly becoming more hostile towards both migrants and the organizations that help them. For years, the EU has worked to balance supranational and intergovernmental policies specifically in the realm of migration, due to states having varying priorities contingent on location, GDP and governments. One of the realms of governance that has fallen short is in the Mediterranean, with large numbers of migrant fatalities during boat crossings taking place. In response, NGOs operating sea rescue initiatives in the Mediterranean, have increased the volume of their operations to address a high number of deaths. As a result of the influx of migration into the EU, the union, as well as individual states, have enacted strict policies of management. The increase in migrants has changed both the governance of migration as well as the role the judiciary plays in migration, which highlights the shortcoming of states when it comes to compliance with UN and EU protocols. The EU has also worked hard to build relationships with their border security force, Frontex, and neighboring states, to minimize migrants entering the union. The emphasis on this type of governance led to a shift towards securitization policies in the EU and its states. The shift resulted in an increase in pressure on state judicial systems, who are experiencing an uptake in migration related cases in their regional and lower courts. The EU and NGOs are both running simultaneous operations in the Mediterranean with the goal of saving lives, with the EU also trying to minimize migration by enacting securitization policies. One of the most evident results of the securitization shift is the Italian government's targeting of NGOs. This is the outcome of NGOs refusing to participate in Italy's investigations into migrant smuggling operations. The investigations into the NGOs frame the organizations in the courts and media as smugglers with the intention of causing harm within the community. Instead of properly litigating, Italy is manipulating the court system to keep humanitarian aid cases in lower, more regional courts with less resources and less supranational oversight. The judicial section of the paper focuses on the complexity of compliance with UN, EU and state legal protocols and ratifications, which all play an important role in the analysis.
The criminalization of humanitarian aid is the center of this thesis and can be best understood by investigating both the governance sector and the judicial implications of the court cases analyzed, the cases of the Iuventa and the Sea Watch 3, both sea rescue organizations investigated for facilitating smuggling into Italy. The attempt to use the judicial system to manage migrant governance is the start of a concerning trend and the thesis presents evidence of state action to dissuade and limit humanitarian aid operations. The erosion of migrant governance in the UN and its member states has put immense pressure on the judicial system, which in turn has impacted the basic functions of democracy in Italy.
ContributorsLindeman, Flannery (Author) / Sivak, Henry (Thesis director) / Peskin, Victor (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies, Sch (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor)
Created2024-05