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- Status: Published
Description
High-risk sexual behavior (HRSB) and substance use (SU) are highly prevalent in the general population with adolescents and young adults at high risk for engaging in these behaviors. Unhealthy behavioral patterns established during these developmental periods can have detrimental long-term effects on physical and mental health. Health care expenditures, related to consequences of these behaviors, have been estimated to reach around $740 billion in the United States, indicating an imminent public health concern. Unfortunately, little is known about trajectories and risk factors of health risk behaviors (HRBs) beyond age 25, which is a critical developmental period regarding these behaviors. This study sought to better understand HRB trajectories throughout young adulthood as well as the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of these behaviors. This study used data from a large (n = 998), longitudinal, randomized-controlled trial with intensive measurement of HRBs and peer and family processes. Growth mixture modeling estimated gender-specific trajectories of HRSB and SU (tobacco, alcohol, marijuana) from ages 22-30. Multinomial logistic regression (MLR) then examined how family and peer factors, and trauma exposure during adolescence, both separately and in combination, influenced HRB trajectories. Four unique trajectories resulted for SU (low use class; increasing use class; decreasing use class; high use class) and three for HRSB (low HRSB class; increasing HRSB class; deceasing HRSB class). There were no differences in the number of classes or trajectory patterns between men and women. Results of the MLRs demonstrated that deviant peer affiliation (DP), family conflict, parental monitoring and trauma exposure impacted trajectories of tobacco and marijuana use and HRSB during young adulthood, but that the most salient influences were DP and trauma exposure. Alcohol use trajectories and differences between the increasing, decreasing and high trajectory classes for the other HRBs were difficult to predict. These results suggest that young adults are still at risk for engaging in HRBs, and there are risk factors in adolescence that influence typologies of HRBs during this developmental period. Prevention and intervention programs targeting young adulthood are needed, and better understanding factors that lead to vulnerabilities specific to this developmental period may inform targeted interventions.
ContributorsPanza, Kaitlyn Elizabeth (Author) / Corbin, William R. (Thesis advisor) / Tein, Jenn-Yun (Thesis advisor) / Crnic, Keith A. (Committee member) / Ha, Thao (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Mental health disparities in the U.S. among racial and ethnic minorities are a serious public health issue associated with substantial ethical and economic costs as well as negative health outcomes. Compared with Whites, racial/ethnic minorities have been found to have greater mental disorder symptomatology, however, very little research exists on how this impacts functional outcomes and quality of life. Additionally, research addressing the impact of bias on symptomatology and functional outcomes, especially across racial/ethnic groups, is lacking. Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Biopsychosocial Model of Disability as a conceptual framework, the current study aims to address the relationship between mental disorder symptomatology and functional impairment across racial/ethnic groups, as well as evaluate the influence of perceived bias on this association. These relationships were examined using data from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiological Surveys (CPES) among White, Black, Latinx, and Asian American individuals (N = 10,276). Variables include past-30-day functional impairment, past-year mental disorder symptomatology, and lifetime perceived bias. One-way analyses of variance were conducted to compare mental disorder symptomatology and perceived bias across racial/ethnic groups. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between mental disorder symptomatology and functional impairment across racial/ethnic groups. Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions were conducted to evaluate the moderating effect of perceived bias on the relationship between mental disorder symptomatology and functional impairment across racial/ethnic groups. Additional exploratory analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between mental disorder symptomatology, perceived bias, and various domains of functional impairment across racial/ethnic groups. Findings speak to the need for additional research on predictors and correlates of mental health outcomes, such as social support, community, and other resiliency factors. Additionally, the need for broader conceptualizations of how bias, prejudice, stigma, and intersectional identity may impact health and wellbeing across diverse populations is illustrated in this work. Overall, findings indicate the continued existence of disparities in mental health across racial/ethnic groups and reify the need for additional work to address this public health problem.
ContributorsYu, Kimberly (Author) / Perez, Marisol (Thesis advisor) / Edwards, Michael (Committee member) / Ha, Thao (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019