Spaying and neutering your pets can contribute a positive change to the overall health of the animal. Many owners are worried that removing their reproductive organs will change their animal’s personality, behavior, make them more susceptible to problems and diseases. With spaying and neutering generally there are no lasting issues to behavior, personality, yes there could possibly be short term symptoms of mild behavior changes, sleepier, etc., but that is mainly due to being under anesthesia and try to recover from surgery. It in fact increases your pet’s overall affection level, playfulness, reduces diseases, and reduces unwanted behavior. Like any surgery there are some drawbacks of spaying and neutering, but the benefits outweigh the drawbacks in my opinion because these possible drawbacks can be managed with a responsible owner. With that said this paper will explore the importance of spaying or neutering pets by reviewing ethical and societal implications pertaining to overpopulation. Sterilization options will be discussed to reduce overpopulation which should have a corollary impact in the reduction of euthanized animals and animals that are abandoned to the streets to fends for themselves. Finally, a discussion on breeders will review how excessive breeding contributes to euthanasia, the dumping or neglect of animals that fail to meet criteria that would allow the animal to be sold at a premium price. Responsible pet owners choose to have their dog or cat sterilized to prevent the birth of unwanted puppies and kittens. Spaying and neutering are humane, ethical, and responsible ways to prevent unwanted litters, help protect against health problems, and may reduce behavioral problems associated with the mating instinct.

Henry Herbert Goddard was a psychologist who conducted research on intelligence and mental deficiency at the Vineland Training School for Feeble-Minded Boys and Girls in Vineland, New Jersey during the early twentieth century. In 1908, Goddard brought French psychologist Alfred Binet and physician Theodore Simon’s intelligence test to the US and used it to investigate intellectual disability in children at the Vineland Training School for Feeble-Minded Boys and Girls. Goddard also wrote a book in 1912 called The Kallikaks: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness, claiming that traits like mental deficiency were heritable traits. His observations and research led Goddard to advocate for sterilization and segregation of the intellectually disabled, which were ideas that reflected the emerging eugenics movement in the US, during the early nineteenth century. Although by the end of his life, psychologists largely dismissed Goddard’s work, schools and the US military used Goddard’s version of Binet and Simon’s intelligence test to identify mental deficiency.

In 1912, Henry Herbert Goddard published The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness, hereafter The Kallikak Family, in which he argues that people inherit feeble-mindedness, which is presently known as intellectual disability. Feeble-mindedness, according to Goddard, is the source of, what he refers to as, degeneracy, including behaviors such as alcoholism, criminal behavior, prostitution, and sexual promiscuity. At the time Goddard wrote his book, many researchers questioned whether people inherited what they considered bad traits, such as feeble-mindedness, criminality, and immorality, and what people could do to get rid of such bad traits. Those ideas reflected the emerging eugenics movement of the early twentieth century. In The Kallikak Family, Goddard explores ideas central to eugenics, including how people can increase good traits and reduce bad traits in the population, For decades, supporters of eugenics cited The Kallikak Family as proof that people inherit such traits, but more recent investigations have discredited Goddard's research as bad science, poorly conceived and biased.