Matching Items (5)
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- All Subjects: Team Cognition
- All Subjects: Knowledge workers
- Genre: Doctoral Dissertation
- Creators: Cooke, Nancy J.
- Creators: Counts, Virginia
- Creators: Feng, Hua
- Member of: ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Description
The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that there are approximately 200,000 in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA) annually with low rates of survival to discharge at about 22%. Training programs for cardiac arrest teams, also termed code teams, have been recommended by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and in the AHA's consensus statement to help improve these dismal survival rates. Historically, training programs in the medical field are procedural in nature and done at the individual level, despite the fact that healthcare providers frequently work in teams. The rigidity of procedural training can cause habituation and lead to poor team performance if the situation does not match the original training circumstances. Despite the need for team training, factors such as logistics, time, personnel coordination, and financial constraints often hinder resuscitation team training. This research was a three-step process of: 1) development of a metric specific for the evaluation of code team performance, 2) development of a communication model that targeted communication and leadership during a code blue resuscitation, and 3) training and evaluation of the code team leader using the communication model. This research forms a basis to accomplish a broad vision of improving outcomes of IHCA events by applying conceptual and methodological strategies learned from collaborative and inter-disciplinary science of teams.
ContributorsHinski, Sandra T. (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Roscoe, Rod (Committee member) / Bekki, Jennifer (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description
The 21st-century professional or knowledge worker spends much of the working day engaging others through electronic communication. The modes of communication available to knowledge workers have rapidly increased due to computerized technology advances: conference and video calls, instant messaging, e-mail, social media, podcasts, audio books, webinars, and much more. Professionals who think for a living express feelings of stress about their ability to respond and fear missing critical tasks or information as they attempt to wade through all the electronic communication that floods their inboxes. Although many electronic communication tools compete for the attention of the contemporary knowledge worker, most professionals use an electronic personal information management (PIM) system, more commonly known as an e-mail application and often the ubiquitous Microsoft Outlook program. The aim of this research was to provide knowledge workers with solutions to manage the influx of electronic communication that arrives daily by studying the workers in their working environment. This dissertation represents a quest to understand the current strategies knowledge workers use to manage their e-mail, and if modification of e-mail management strategies can have an impact on productivity and stress levels for these professionals. Today’s knowledge workers rarely work entirely alone, justifying the importance of also exploring methods to improve electronic communications within teams.
ContributorsCounts, Virginia (Author) / Parrish, Kristen (Thesis advisor) / Allenby, Braden (Thesis advisor) / Landis, Amy (Committee member) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018
Description
This increasing role of highly automated and intelligent systems as team members has started a paradigm shift from human-human teaming to Human-Autonomy Teaming (HAT). However, moving from human-human teaming to HAT is challenging. Teamwork requires skills that are often missing in robots and synthetic agents. It is possible that adding a synthetic agent as a team member may lead teams to demonstrate different coordination patterns resulting in differences in team cognition and ultimately team effectiveness. The theory of Interactive Team Cognition (ITC) emphasizes the importance of team interaction behaviors over the collection of individual knowledge. In this dissertation, Nonlinear Dynamical Methods (NDMs) were applied to capture characteristics of overall team coordination and communication behaviors. The findings supported the hypothesis that coordination stability is related to team performance in a nonlinear manner with optimal performance associated with moderate stability coupled with flexibility. Thus, we need to build mechanisms in HATs to demonstrate moderately stable and flexible coordination behavior to achieve team-level goals under routine and novel task conditions.
ContributorsDemir, Mustafa, Ph.D (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Bekki, Jennifer (Committee member) / Amazeen, Polemnia G (Committee member) / Gray, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description在科创企业中，知识型员工占据绝大比重，如何调动知识型员工的工作积极性，激发其更有效地投入时间和精力、贡献知识对企业持续成长十分关键。现有研究关注到授权管理对员工激励的重要性，但仅强调制度形式上的授权，忽视了员工主观感知层面的授权，授权激励的有效性难以保障。另外，由于知识型员工的自主性、独立性较高，管理者仅强调结果性激励，忽视了员工在过程中需要的帮助和支持，从而难以提高工作效率。本研究从心理感知视角出发，探讨了知识型员工的心理授权和工作投入度之间的关系，并进一步分析组织创新氛围的调节作用。本研究收集了8家科创企业，共421份有效问卷，通过信度、效度和共同方法偏差分析后，利用回归分析验证了心理授权对工作投入度的促进作用。具体来看，心理授权前三个维度的工作意义、自主性、自我效能对工作投入度三个维度活力、奉献和专注都有正向的促进作用，而第四个维度工作影响对奉献的正向作用显著，对其他维度的影响不显著。在组织创新氛围的调节方面，发现领导躬行、上级支持、团队协力正向调节自主性与奉献之间的关系，而在其他关系中的影响不显著。意味着当员工能够自行安排工作实施方式和进度时，充分的组织支持能够提高其投入时间和精力意愿，而对于体现工作精神状态的活力和专注没有显著影响。另外，组织促进，即组织宽松自由的氛围，负向调节自主性与工作专注度的关系，意味着高度工作授权和过于宽松的氛围，容易滋生懒散行为，反而会降低工作效率。
在实践方面，科创企业需要充分关注员工主观感知到的工作授权，并在工作目标和内容明确的情况下，对工作方式和进度进行有效控制。其次，企业领导者要以身作则，打造和谐和互相帮助的文化氛围，以保证员工在日常工作可获得足够的帮助。另外，工作授权需要张弛有度，过度宽松的工作方式和氛围容易降低员工的专注度，反而会降低工作效率。
ContributorsFeng, Hua (Author) / Zhang, John (Thesis advisor) / Shi, Weilei (Thesis advisor) / Jiang, Zhan (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Cyber threats are growing in number and sophistication making it important to continually study and improve all dimensions of cyber defense. Human teamwork in cyber defense analysis has been overlooked even though it has been identified as an important predictor of cyber defense performance. Also, to detect advanced forms of threats effective information sharing and collaboration between the cyber defense analysts becomes imperative. Therefore, through this dissertation work, I took a cognitive engineering approach to investigate and improve cyber defense teamwork. The approach involved investigating a plausible team-level bias called the information pooling bias in cyber defense analyst teams conducting the detection task that is part of forensics analysis through human-in-the-loop experimentation. The approach also involved developing agent-based models based on the experimental results to explore the cognitive underpinnings of this bias in human analysts. A prototype collaborative visualization tool was developed by considering the plausible cognitive limitations contributing to the bias to investigate whether a cognitive engineering-driven visualization tool can help mitigate the bias in comparison to off-the-shelf tools. It was found that participant teams conducting the collaborative detection tasks as part of forensics analysis, experience the information pooling bias affecting their performance. Results indicate that cognitive friendly visualizations can help mitigate the effect of this bias in cyber defense analysts. Agent-based modeling produced insights on internal cognitive processes that might be contributing to this bias which could be leveraged in building future visualizations. This work has multiple implications including the development of new knowledge about the science of cyber defense teamwork, a demonstration of the advantage of developing tools using a cognitive engineering approach, a demonstration of the advantage of using a hybrid cognitive engineering methodology to study teams in general and finally, a demonstration of the effect of effective teamwork on cyber defense performance.
ContributorsRajivan, Prashanth (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Ahn, Gail-Joon (Committee member) / Janssen, Marcus (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2014