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Imitation is the genesis of change. One basic principle of human nature is that people imitate what they see and hear. In the professional choral arena, musicians extend the high art of imitation through fine-tuning, and creative reinterpretation. Stimulated by this cycle, the color of the twenty-first-century professional choir shifted

Imitation is the genesis of change. One basic principle of human nature is that people imitate what they see and hear. In the professional choral arena, musicians extend the high art of imitation through fine-tuning, and creative reinterpretation. Stimulated by this cycle, the color of the twenty-first-century professional choir shifted compared to that of professional choirs from the 1950s through 1970s, causing an evolution in choral sound. In a series of interviews with iconic composers and conductors of professional choirs, the subjects involved in the study conveyed comprehensive and personal accounts outlining how professional choirs have refined the standard of choral sound. The paper is organized into three sections: (1) where have we been, (2) where are we now and (3) where are we going? It explores various conductors' perceptions of how and why choirs are unique when compared to earlier generations and what they believe caused the shift in choral tone. Paired with this perspective is the role of modern composers, whose progressive compositional techniques helped shape the modern choral sound. The subjects involved in the study further theorize how current inclinations may potentially shape the future of professional choral music. Although the subjects expressed differing opinions about the quality of the twenty-first-century choral tone, many agree that there have been specific transformations since the 1970s. The shift in choral tone occurred due to developments in vocal technique, exploration of contemporary compositional extended techniques, an adherence to historically informed performance practice, imitation of vocal colors from numerous cultures, incorporation of technology and emulation of sound perceived on recordings. Additionally, choral music subtly became prominent in film scores, and innovative conductors created progressive concert programming, and developed novel approaches to entertain audiences. Samplings of contributors involved in this study include: John Rutter, Harry Christophers, Charles Bruffy, Nigel Short, Craig Hella Johnson, Alice Parker, Michael McGlynn, Phillip Brunelle, Craig Jessop, Libby Larsen, Ola Gjeilo, Cecilia McDowall, Jaakko Mäntyjärvi and Stephen Paulus.
ContributorsRugen, Kira Zeeman (Author) / Rugen, Kira Z (Thesis advisor) / Reber, William (Committee member) / Saucier, Catherine (Committee member) / Doan, Jerry (Committee member) / Bailey, Wayne (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
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Description
The legacy of the great double bassist and pedagogue Joseph Prunner (1886-1969) includes his scale and arpeggio exercise book, Progressive Studies for the Double Bass, composed in 1955. Progressive Studies was originally written for Prunner's students at the Bucharest Conservatoire and was not intended for a wide publication. In the

The legacy of the great double bassist and pedagogue Joseph Prunner (1886-1969) includes his scale and arpeggio exercise book, Progressive Studies for the Double Bass, composed in 1955. Progressive Studies was originally written for Prunner's students at the Bucharest Conservatoire and was not intended for a wide publication. In the work Prunner presents major and harmonic and melodic minor scales that are performed in one octave and then extended diatonically through all their modes, progressing through this pattern for three octaves, followed by a series of arpeggio exercises. These exercises are based on a modernized fingering system and are offered in the traditional positions and in what Prunner called "Fixed-Position" scales. A series of chromatic scale exercises are also included that follow the template of the major and minor scales. The study at hand is a revision and expansion of Prunner's work. The edition presented here intends to preserve the information that Prunner provided, fix the errors made in editing, and expand the study greatly by increasing the range of the exercises, providing more arpeggio exercises, creating melodic and harmonic minor "Fixed-Position" scales and arpeggio exercises, and including the study of double-stops. In support of the revised and updated version of Progressive Studies, this study includes a biography of Joseph Prunner and a summary of the importance of the type of scale and arpeggio practice the collection of exercises supports. An explanation of the revisions made to Prunner's work and recommendations for using the exercises also precede the new edition.
ContributorsStotz, Daniel Aaron (Author) / Rotaru, Catalin (Thesis advisor) / Holbrook, Amy (Committee member) / Kennedy, Jeffery (Committee member) / Koonce, Frank (Committee member) / Landschoot, Thomas (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
ContributorsHendricks, Karen Louise (Performer) / Reber, William (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1999-11-07
ContributorsOh, Mija (Performer) / Hakes, Roy (Performer) / Reber, William (Performer) / Koonce, Frank (Performer) / Reber, Margaret (Performer) / Flegg, Lynne Marie (Performer) / Greenup, Garth (Performer) / Kim, Doosook (Performer) / Hlavenka, Dasha (Performer) / Hoxie, Jonathan (Performer) / Jackson, Nicole (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1993-04-02
ContributorsYin, Joyce (Performer) / Song, Peipei (Performer) / Kupitz, Emily (Performer) / DePuy, Ethan (Performer) / Mihajlovich, Lazo (Performer) / Reber, William (Conductor) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created2013-04-07
ContributorsHakes, Roy (Performer) / Anderson, Wendy (Performer) / Chipman, Paula (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1993-11-21
ContributorsVeal, Sherry (Performer) / Hakes, Roy (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1994-04-19
ContributorsLlewellyn, Cherrie (Performer) / Hakes, Roy (Performer) / Ball, Karen (Performer) / Branch, Sonja (Performer) / Mireau, Sean (Performer) / Hamlin, Kay (Performer) / O'Shea, Patrick (Conductor) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1994-06-30
ContributorsVeal, Sherry (Performer) / Hakes, Roy (Performer) / Schleif, Julie (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1993-01-25
ContributorsOh, Mija (Performer) / Hakes, Roy (Performer) / Koonce, Frank (Performer) / Wright, Scott (Performer) / ASU Library. Music Library (Publisher)
Created1991-12-02