Matching Items (4)
Filtering by
- All Subjects: perception
- Genre: Academic theses
- Creators: Glenberg, Arthur M.
- Creators: Becker, David
- Member of: Theses and Dissertations
- Status: Published
Description
Knowing that disorder is related to crime, it has become essential for criminologists to understand how and why certain individuals perceive disorder. Using data from the Perceptions of Neighborhood Disorder and Interpersonal Conflict Project, this study uses a fixed photograph of a neighborhood, to assess whether individuals "see" disorder cues. A final sample size of n=815 respondents were asked to indicate if they saw particular disorder cues in the photograph. The results show that certain personal characteristics do predict whether an individual sees disorder. Because of the experimental design, results are a product of the individual's personal characteristics, not of the respondent's neighborhood. These findings suggest that the perception of disorder is not as clear cut as once thought. Future research should explore what about these personal characteristics foster the perception of disorder when it is not present, as well as, how to fight disorder in neighborhoods when perception plays such a substantial role.
ContributorsScott, Christopher (Author) / Wallace, Danielle (Thesis advisor) / Katz, Charles (Committee member) / Ready, Justin (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
ABSTRACT This thesis proposes that a focus on the bodily level of analysis can unify explanation of behavior in cognitive, social, and cultural psychology. To examine this unifying proposal, a sensorimotor mechanism with reliable explanatory power in cognitive and social psychology was used to predict a novel pattern of behavior in cultural context, and these predictions were examined in three experiments. Specifically, the finding that people judge objects that require more motor effort to interact with as farther in visual space was adapted to predict that people with interdependent self-construal(SC) , relative to those with independent SC, would visually perceive their cultural outgroups as farther relative to their cultural in-groups. Justifying this cultural extension of what is primarily a cognitive mechanism is the assumption that, unlike independents, Interdependents interact almost exclusively with in-group members, and hence there sensorimotor system is less tuned to cross-cultural interactions. Thus, interdependents, more so than independents, expect looming cross-cultural interactions to be effortful, which may inflate their judgment of distance to the out-groups. Two experiments confirmed these predictions: a) interdependent Americans, compared to independent Americans, perceived American confederates (in-group) as visually closer; b) interdependent Arabs, compared to independent Arabs, perceived Arab confederates (in-group) as closer; and c) interdependent Americans, relative to independent Americans, perceived Arab confederates (out-group) as farther. A third study directly established the proposed relation between motor effort and distance to human targets: American men perceived other American men as closer after an easy interaction than after a more difficult interaction. Together, these results demonstrate that one and the same sensorimotor mechanism can explain/predict homologous behavioral patterns across the subdisciplines of psychology.
ContributorsSoliman, Tamer (Author) / Glenberg, Arthur M. (Committee member) / Kwan, Sau (Committee member) / Cohen, Adam (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
Fractal analyses examine variability in a time series to look for temporal structure
or pattern that reveals the underlying processes of a complex system. Although fractal
property has been found in many signals in biological systems, how it relates to
behavioral performance and what it implies about the complex system under scrutiny are
still open questions. In this series of experiments, fractal property, movement kinematics,
and behavioral performance were measured on participants performing a reciprocal
tapping task. In Experiment 1, the results indicated that the alpha value from detrended
fluctuation analysis (DFA) reflected deteriorating performance when visual feedback
delay was introduced into the reciprocal tapping task. This finding suggests that this
fractal index is sensitive to performance level in a movement task. In Experiment 2, the
sensitivity of DFA alpha to the coupling strength between sub-processes within a system
was examined by manipulation of task space visibility. The results showed that DFA
alpha was not influenced by disruption of subsystems coupling strength. In Experiment 3,
the sensitivity of DFA alpha to the level of adaptivity in a system under constraints was
examined. Manipulation of the level of adaptivity was not successful, leading to
inconclusive results to this question.
or pattern that reveals the underlying processes of a complex system. Although fractal
property has been found in many signals in biological systems, how it relates to
behavioral performance and what it implies about the complex system under scrutiny are
still open questions. In this series of experiments, fractal property, movement kinematics,
and behavioral performance were measured on participants performing a reciprocal
tapping task. In Experiment 1, the results indicated that the alpha value from detrended
fluctuation analysis (DFA) reflected deteriorating performance when visual feedback
delay was introduced into the reciprocal tapping task. This finding suggests that this
fractal index is sensitive to performance level in a movement task. In Experiment 2, the
sensitivity of DFA alpha to the coupling strength between sub-processes within a system
was examined by manipulation of task space visibility. The results showed that DFA
alpha was not influenced by disruption of subsystems coupling strength. In Experiment 3,
the sensitivity of DFA alpha to the level of adaptivity in a system under constraints was
examined. Manipulation of the level of adaptivity was not successful, leading to
inconclusive results to this question.
ContributorsNguyen, Tri, M.A (Author) / Amazeen, Eric L (Thesis advisor) / Glenberg, Arthur M. (Thesis advisor) / Amazeen, Polemnia G (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
In an ever-faster world, products that are designed for enhancing the speed of a certain task can and are being designed in rapid iterations by means of adding or modifying features that impact the energetics, kinematics and kinetics of a given product. Given the ubiquity of said changes and the need to market these products in a very crowded marketplace, it is imperative for the products to communicate the ‘speed’ of the additional features. Thus, it has been hypothesized that adding a few simple changes to the visual representation of a product or the context in which it is being presented could enhance the perception of the product dynamics at a cognitive or emotional level. The present work is aimed at determining the impact of visual elements such as shapes, colors, and textures on the perception of speed. Three hundred and twenty subjects participated in a discrimination task and a reaction task to measure the impact of various patterns, textures, and colors on the perception of speed. Throughout both tasks, the subjects were exposed to a number of various visual patterns or colors presented as a static background or recognizable object for a set amount of time. Based on the subjects’ performance we have identified and quantified the impact of specific visual design patterns and colors on the perception of speed. Primary results indicate promising evidence that certain fundamental visual elements of shape, color, and texture when presented as a static background or object design could induce subtle changes in visual perception that can alter the overall movement dynamics perception.
ContributorsBaldwin, Brooke (Author) / Coza, Aurel (Thesis advisor) / Becker, David (Thesis advisor) / Gray, Rob (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021