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Cold populations of flies evolved larger bodies and larger wings made of larger cells

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We examined the evolutionary morphological responses of Drosophila melanogaster that had evolved at constant cold (16°), constant hot (25°C), and fluctuating (16° and 25°C). Flies that were exposed to the constant low mean temperature developed larger thorax, wing, and cell sizes than those exposed to constant high mean temperatures. Males…

We examined the evolutionary morphological responses of Drosophila melanogaster that had evolved at constant cold (16°), constant hot (25°C), and fluctuating (16° and 25°C). Flies that were exposed to the constant low mean temperature developed larger thorax, wing, and cell sizes than those exposed to constant high mean temperatures. Males and females both responded similarly to thermal treatments in average wing and cell size. The resulting cell area for a given wing size in thermal fluctuating populations remains unclear and remains a subject for future research.
ContributorsAdrian, Gregory John (Author) / Angilletta, Michael (Thesis director) / Harrison, Jon (Committee member) / Rusch, Travis (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2015-05

Effect of Temperature on Insecticide Susceptibility in knockdown resistant Aedes aegypti

Description

Aedes aegypti are vectors for common arthropod-borne-diseases (arboviruses) such as Zika, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya, which are of significant public health concern. The management of vectors is critical to mitigating the incidence, reemergence, and expansion of these diseases. Vector control has been complicated by the emergence of insecticide resistance…

Aedes aegypti are vectors for common arthropod-borne-diseases (arboviruses) such as Zika, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya, which are of significant public health concern. The management of vectors is critical to mitigating the incidence, reemergence, and expansion of these diseases. Vector control has been complicated by the emergence of insecticide resistance within vectors, which threatens the effectiveness of control efforts. Furthermore, vector management is also complicated by the interaction between insecticide susceptibility and abiotic factors, such as temperature. While it is well-documented that environmental factors affect insecticide susceptibility, it is poorly understood how insecticide resistant vectors with different genetic backgrounds respond to insecticides at different temperatures. This study aims to establish the relationship between deltamethrin susceptibility at varying temperatures across Ae. aegypti lines that differ in their susceptibility due to knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism. This was done through exposures using the “WHO tube test method” using simulated climate environments (22°C, 27 °C, and 32 °C) on mosquitoes of varying resistance at 1016 and homozygous resistance at 1534. This experiment is still ongoing. This study found that IICC was the most resistant genotype, VVCC the least resistant, and VICC and intermediate. There was found to be no statistically significant relationship between temperature and insecticide susceptibility across kdr genotypes.
ContributorsAin, Joshua (Author) / Paaijmans, Krijn (Thesis director) / Huijben, Silvie (Committee member) / Jensen, Brook (Committee member) / Kalmouni, Joshua (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2023-05
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Synthesis and Characterization of Laser Plasma that Produces Pseudocarbyne Using Laser Pulses

Description
Carbon allotropes are the basis for many exciting advancements in technology. While sp² and sp³ hybridizations are well understood, the sp¹ hybridized carbon has been elusive. However, with recent advances made using a pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique, sp¹ hybridized carbon allotropes have been created. The fabricated carbon chain…

Carbon allotropes are the basis for many exciting advancements in technology. While sp² and sp³ hybridizations are well understood, the sp¹ hybridized carbon has been elusive. However, with recent advances made using a pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique, sp¹ hybridized carbon allotropes have been created. The fabricated carbon chain is composed of sp¹ and sp³ hybridized bonds, but it also incorporates nanoparticles such as gold or possibly silver to stabilize the chain. The polyyne generated in this process is called pseudocarbyne due to its striking resemblance to the theoretical carbyne. The formation of these carbon chains is yet to be fully understood, but significant progress has been made in determining the temperature of the plasma in which the pseudocarbyne is formed. When a 532 nm pulsed laser with a pulsed energy of 250 mJ and pulse length of 10ns is used to ablate a gold target, a peak temperature of 13400 K is measured. When measured using Laser-Induced Breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) the average temperature of the neutral carbon plasma over one second was 4590±172 K. This temperature strongly suggests that the current theoretical model used to describe the temperature at which pseudocarbyne generates is accurate.
ContributorsWala, Ryland Gerald (Co-author) / Wala, Ryland (Co-author) / Sayres, Scott (Thesis director) / Steimle, Timothy (Committee member) / Drucker, Jeffery (Committee member) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05