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- Creators: Barrett, The Honors College
- Creators: Kavazanjian, Edward
- Creators: Allenby, Braden
- Creators: Arcaro, Daniel James
- Creators: Cadillo – Quiroz, Hinsby
Description
For students on a college campus, many courses can present challenges to them academically. Some universities have taken an initiative to respond to this by offering tutoring opportunities at a central location. Generally this provides help for some struggling students, but others are left with many questions unanswered. Two primary reasons for this are that some tutoring services are broad in scope and that there may not be sufficient one-on-one time with a tutor. With the development of a mobile application, a solution is possible to improve upon the tutoring experience for all students. The concept revolves around the formation of a labor market of freelancers, known as a gig economy, to create a large supply of tutors who can provide their services to a student looking for help in a specific course. A strategic process was followed to develop this mobile application, called Tuzee. To begin, an early concept and design was drafted to shape a clear vision statement and effective user experience. Planning and research followed, where technical requirements including an efficient database and integrated development environment were selected. After these prerequisites, the development stage of the application started and a working app produced. Subsequently, a business model was devised along with possible features to be added upon a successful launch. With a peer-to-peer approach powering the app, monitoring user engagement lies as a core principle for consistent growth. The vision statement will frequently be referred to: enhance university academics by enabling the interaction of students with each other.
ContributorsArcaro, Daniel James (Author) / Ahmad, Altaf (Thesis director) / Sopha, Matthew (Committee member) / Department of Information Systems (Contributor) / WPC Graduate Programs (Contributor) / Department of Management and Entrepreneurship (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
Description
Currently conventional Subtitle D landfills are the primary means of disposing of our waste in the United States. While this method of waste disposal aims at protecting the environment, it does so through the use of liners and caps that effectively freeze the breakdown of waste. Because this method can keep landfills active, and thus a potential groundwater threat for over a hundred years, I take an in depth look at the ability of bioreactor landfills to quickly stabilize waste. In the thesis I detail the current state of bioreactor landfill technologies, assessing the pros and cons of anaerobic and aerobic bioreactor technologies. Finally, with an industrial perspective, I conclude that moving on to bioreactor landfills as an alternative isn't as simple as it may first appear, and that it is a contextually specific solution that must be further refined before replacing current landfills.
ContributorsWhitten, George Avery (Author) / Kavazanjian, Edward (Thesis director) / Allenby, Braden (Committee member) / Houston, Sandra (Committee member) / Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering Programs (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2013-05
Description
A research paper examining how the variance in state labor laws for independent contractors is causing uncertainty about the rights they are entitled to.
ContributorsCorrales, Claudia (Author) / Koretz, Lora (Thesis director) / Moore, James (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Department of Finance (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
For this thesis, I analyzed the discourse and content of Proposition 22, a California law which defined all workers utilizing gig-based apps to sell services as independent contractors meaning they were not legally entitled to certain protections such as minimum wage. The law was overturned in court in 2020, however, the advertisements in favor of and discourse behind the law has had a continued impact on all workers. Because of this it is important to examine and conceptualize the ideologies behind the law in order to understand how it was able to pass in a state which tends to vote in favor of increasing employee rights and regulation of industries. To do so, I utilized two methods of analysis, a discourse analysis of legal documents and a content analysis of advertisements. The former revolves around analyzing the discourse and ideologies around two versions of the legislation which were shown to the public, while the latter analysis categorizes and examines the implications of various advertisements utilized by companies to support the proposition. Ultimately, gig companies created an effective campaign that was able to repackage neoliberal deregulation for the general public while actively misrepresenting information around the law leading to long lasting effects that continue to harm workers while lining the pockets of investors despite its overturning.
ContributorsRodriguez, Anthony (Author) / Broberg, Gregory (Thesis director) / Martin, Nathan (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Social Transformation (Contributor) / Historical, Philosophical & Religious Studies, Sch (Contributor)
Created2022-05
Characterization and Manipulation of Microbiomes From Arid Landfills for Improved Methane Production
Description
Environmentally harmful byproducts from solid waste’s decomposition, including methane (CH4) emissions, are managed through standardized landfill engineering and gas-capture mechanisms. Yet only a limited number of studies have analyzed the development and composition of Bacteria and Archaea involved in CH4 production from landfills. The objectives of this research were to compare microbiomes and bioactivity from CH4-producing communities in contrasting spatial areas of arid landfills and to tests a new technology to biostimulate CH4 production (methanogenesis) from solid waste under dynamic environmental conditions controlled in the laboratory. My hypothesis was that the diversity and abundance of methanogenic Archaea in municipal solid waste (MSW), or its leachate, play an important role on CH4 production partially attributed to the group’s wide hydrogen (H2) consumption capabilities. I tested this hypothesis by conducting complementary field observations and laboratory experiments. I describe niches of methanogenic Archaea in MSW leachate across defined areas within a single landfill, while demonstrating functional H2-dependent activity. To alleviate limited H2 bioavailability encountered in-situ, I present biostimulant feasibility and proof-of-concepts studies through the amendment of zero valent metals (ZVMs). My results demonstrate that older-aged MSW was minimally biostimulated for greater CH4 production relative to a control when exposed to iron (Fe0) or manganese (Mn0), due to highly discernable traits of soluble carbon, nitrogen, and unidentified fluorophores found in water extracts between young and old aged, starting MSW. Acetate and inhibitory H2 partial pressures accumulated in microcosms containing old-aged MSW. In a final experiment, repeated amendments of ZVMs to MSW in a 600 day mesocosm experiment mediated significantly higher CH4 concentrations and yields during the first of three ZVM injections. Fe0 and Mn0 experimental treatments at mesocosm-scale also highlighted accelerated development of seemingly important, but elusive Archaea including Methanobacteriaceae, a methane-producing family that is found in diverse environments. Also, prokaryotic classes including Candidatus Bathyarchaeota, an uncultured group commonly found in carbon-rich ecosystems, and Clostridia; All three taxa I identified as highly predictive in the time-dependent progression of MSW decomposition. Altogether, my experiments demonstrate the importance of H2 bioavailability on CH4 production and the consistent development of Methanobacteriaceae in productive MSW microbiomes.
ContributorsReynolds, Mark Christian (Author) / Cadillo-Quiroz, Hinsby (Thesis advisor) / Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa (Thesis advisor) / Wang, Xuan (Committee member) / Kavazanjian, Edward (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Zero-Valent Metals (ZVM) are highly reactive materials and have been proved to be effective in contaminant reduction in soils and groundwater remediation. In fact, zero-Valent Iron (ZVI) has proven to be very effective in removing, particularly chlorinated organics, heavy metals, and odorous sulfides. Addition of ZVI has also been proved in enhancing the methane gas generation in anaerobic digestion of activated sludge. However, no studies have been conducted regarding the effect of ZVM stimulation to Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) degradation. Therefore, a collaborative study was developed to manipulate microbial activity in the landfill bioreactors to favor methane production by adding ZVMs. This study focuses on evaluating the effects of added ZVM on the leachate generated from replicated lab scale landfill bioreactors. The specific objective was to investigate the effects of ZVMs addition on the organic and inorganic pollutants in leachate. The hypothesis here evaluated was that adding ZVM including ZVI and Zero Valent Manganese (ZVMn) will enhance the removal rates of the organic pollutants present in the leachate, likely by a putative higher rate of microbial metabolism. Test with six (4.23 gallons) bioreactors assembled with MSW collected from the Salt River Landfill and Southwest Regional Landfill showed that under 5 grams /liter of ZVI and 0.625 grams/liter of ZVMn additions, no significant difference was observed in the pH and temperature data of the leachate generated from these reactors. The conductivity data suggested the steady rise across all reactors over the period of time. The removal efficiency of sCOD was highest (27.112 mg/lit/day) for the reactors added with ZVMn at the end of 150 days for bottom layer, however the removal rate was highest (16.955 mg/lit/day) for ZVI after the end of 150 days of the middle layer. Similar trends in the results was observed in TC analysis. HPLC study indicated the dominance of the concentration of heptanoate and isovalerate were leachate generated from the bottom layer across all reactors. Heptanoate continued to dominate in the ZVMn added leachate even after middle layer injection. IC analysis concluded the chloride was dominant in the leachate generated from all the reactors and there was a steady increase in the chloride content over the period of time. Along with chloride, fluoride, bromide, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and sulfate were also detected in considerable concentrations. In the summary, the addition of the zero valent metals has proved to be efficient in removal of the organics present in the leachate.
ContributorsPandit, Gandhar Abhay (Author) / Cadillo – Quiroz, Hinsby (Thesis advisor) / Olson, Larry (Thesis advisor) / Boyer, Treavor (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Innovation has been the cornerstone of Amazon’s business strategy and rise to success. After positioning itself as close as possible to the customer and facing new challenges with its logistics providers, Amazon has desperately tried to inhouse last-mile delivery as it slowly matures its shipping fleet. In response to the faster delivery promises that it made to its customers, Amazon developed two gig-economy-inspired business ventures, AmazonFlex and Delivery Businesses Partners, to satisfy growing demand in the short run and stunt rising shipping costs. However, in its attempt to regain control of its last-mile, Amazon undervalued the administrative burden needed to manage its contractors: chiefly to process packages quickly and maintain customer satisfaction. It also has not released AmazonFlex nationwide, as its platform is not robust enough to handle all the traffic generated by matching transactions or offer any data about the individualities of each delivery (building type, building access, safe parking, etc.). Even though Amazon Flex resembles the UberEats platform, Amazon does not capture customer responses on last-mile delivery specifically. It therefore has no way of gauging whether this gig-economy solution can offer the same on time delivery targets and equal care in package handling as seasoned carriers.
This paper analyzes why Amazon can further deploy its last mile by partnering with Uber for the short term. By utilizing Uber’s large transactional repository and subject matter expertise on meal delivery, Amazon can refine its short-term solutions, limit inherent risks, and maintain customer satisfaction. Uber stands to profit from the partnership by locking in the necessary demand volume to become profitable, while limiting its marketing expenses and lowering the cost per mile traveled. Uber Drivers will have more “jobs” available to remain logged into Uber’s platform and have the ability to execute multiple deliveries in parallel while having to drive less miles. Amazon already has the necessary physical infrastructure to dispatch packages and would barely need to adjust current operations, considering that all last-mile deliveries are executed by contractors in vans and standard sedans. Likewise, Uber would adapt quickly since its service-level monitoring of over 200,000 restaurants would be reduced to only one stakeholder and routes would often originate at the same point. Lastly, Amazon will not have to continue investing in additional equipment, as drivers will drive their own cars and utilize the Uber platform and its refined safety features.
The arrangement of this thesis is as follows: Chapter 1 will provide background information and list the complexities of last mile delivery. Chapter 2, Amazon’s Competitive Environment, will investigate Amazon’s external risks from a competitive analysis standpoint. Chapter 3 will cover how Amazon has leveraged the gig-economy to deliver its last-mile. Chapter 4 will dive into Uber’s threats and weak financial standing. Finally, Chapter 5 will conclude with the incentives and success metrics that support the proposed partnership.
This paper analyzes why Amazon can further deploy its last mile by partnering with Uber for the short term. By utilizing Uber’s large transactional repository and subject matter expertise on meal delivery, Amazon can refine its short-term solutions, limit inherent risks, and maintain customer satisfaction. Uber stands to profit from the partnership by locking in the necessary demand volume to become profitable, while limiting its marketing expenses and lowering the cost per mile traveled. Uber Drivers will have more “jobs” available to remain logged into Uber’s platform and have the ability to execute multiple deliveries in parallel while having to drive less miles. Amazon already has the necessary physical infrastructure to dispatch packages and would barely need to adjust current operations, considering that all last-mile deliveries are executed by contractors in vans and standard sedans. Likewise, Uber would adapt quickly since its service-level monitoring of over 200,000 restaurants would be reduced to only one stakeholder and routes would often originate at the same point. Lastly, Amazon will not have to continue investing in additional equipment, as drivers will drive their own cars and utilize the Uber platform and its refined safety features.
The arrangement of this thesis is as follows: Chapter 1 will provide background information and list the complexities of last mile delivery. Chapter 2, Amazon’s Competitive Environment, will investigate Amazon’s external risks from a competitive analysis standpoint. Chapter 3 will cover how Amazon has leveraged the gig-economy to deliver its last-mile. Chapter 4 will dive into Uber’s threats and weak financial standing. Finally, Chapter 5 will conclude with the incentives and success metrics that support the proposed partnership.
ContributorsZelizer Cobos, Alexandra (Author) / Konopka, John (Thesis director) / Vitikas, Stanley (Committee member) / Department of Supply Chain Management (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-12
Description
The goal of this paper is to research and document the unforeseen effects and casualties of California’s Assembly Bill Number 5 being implemented into law. This thesis researches the background before Assembly Bill Number 5 was created, what Assembly Bill Number 5 aims to achieve, how companies reacted to the introduction of the bill, how the targets of the bill were affected when it became law as well as how unforeseen victims were affected when it became law, and what may happen to California in the future because of this. The first part of my thesis includes the introduction to the topic, as well as the background of employee and contractor classification as well as previous legal battles that influenced the creation of Assembly Bill Number 5. The second part of my thesis looks into what the bill looks like and what it would mean for companies such as Uber and Lyft who would be intended to reclassify their independent contractors as employees. The third part of my thesis looks into the effects of the bill becoming law and it negatively effecting different industries that were not intended in the creation of the law. The fourth section of my thesis looks into what could possibly happen in the future of the bill, as this thesis is due in the middle of the legislation happening to combat its negative impact. The conclusion clarifies that while the bill was intended for gig economy giants such as Uber and Lyft, it consequently harms independent contractors from many different industries.
ContributorsThomson, Nicole Renee (Author) / Shields, Dr. David (Thesis director) / Aucejo, Dr. Esteban (Committee member) / Department of Finance (Contributor) / School of Accountancy (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The gig economy is a rapidly growing portion of the US labor landscape. It is appealing to many individuals, as it provides autonomy for workers and opens up increased opportunities for working jobs with desirable schedules. The new California legislation, Assembly Bill 5, is likely to disrupt this sector by increasing costs for employers and removing autonomy from independent contractors with the ABC test that challenges current legal classifications of independent contractors. The ABC test has previously been passed in Massachusetts in 2004 and this paper aims to determine how the test has impacted the Massachusetts self-employment sector. A difference-in-differences estimation and linear regression model were analyzed to accurately determine the impact. A minimal negative correlation was found between the introduction of the ABC test in Massachusetts and the proportion of self-employed individuals in Massachusetts post-treatment. It was also found that the percentage change of average wages for self-employed individuals sharply increased in the first year directly following the implementation of the ABC test in Massachusetts and then decreased in the next year. The regression showed little correlation between the ABC test and self-employment in Massachusetts, as the p-value was not significant at the 5% level for the difference-in-differences interaction term, possibly due to limitations of the model.
ContributorsRao, Veena Yarlagadda (Author) / Aucejo, Esteban (Thesis director) / Shields, David (Committee member) / Department of Economics (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
The United States has a long-standing history of income and wealth inequality that create barriers for individuals to escape from poverty. When a family is in poverty, children in the household are likely to grow up experiencing educational and skill inequity. This establishes the beginning of the cycle of poverty which is a complex issue that is caused by a combination of factors or events which can affect all aspects of an individual’s life. Research suggests poverty is driven by the following root causes: family breakdown, educational failure, worklessness and dependency, addiction, and personal debt (The Centre for Social Justice). While these factors can be seen as interrelated factors affecting a family’s socioeconomic standing, this paper focuses specifically on addressing the worklessness and dependency aspect of poverty.
Work is recognized as one of the most effective routes out of poverty. I set out to research how side hustles or gigs can impact the financial standing of low-income families and get a better understanding of requirements to engage in these types of work. The research conducted in this project aims to identify potential side hustles that low-income earners can engage in without needing to make a large capital investment. The project findings will help readers get a better understanding of various side hustles available and learn how additional earnings can help individuals build, grow, and maintain capital.
Work is recognized as one of the most effective routes out of poverty. I set out to research how side hustles or gigs can impact the financial standing of low-income families and get a better understanding of requirements to engage in these types of work. The research conducted in this project aims to identify potential side hustles that low-income earners can engage in without needing to make a large capital investment. The project findings will help readers get a better understanding of various side hustles available and learn how additional earnings can help individuals build, grow, and maintain capital.
ContributorsNguyen, Jacklyn (Author) / Radway, Debra (Thesis director) / Gutierrez, Veronica (Committee member) / WPC Graduate Programs (Contributor) / Dean, W.P. Carey School of Business (Contributor) / Watts College of Public Service & Community Solut (Contributor) / School of Accountancy (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05