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Among children in the United States, there is a high prevalence of psychopathology. Understanding what contributes to the development of these disorders in early adolescence and late childhood is key to informing intervention efforts. This study aimed to understand the impacts of economic and social stress on the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology in children. Additionally, with the knowledge that supportive adult relationships can buffer psychopathology impacts, it sought to uncover if supportive sibling relationships can alter the relationship between stress and psychopathology. Data was collected through both home visits and online questionnaires as part of the Arizona Twin Project. The sample of the twins at eight years old included 355 families (M = 8.43 years, SD = .68) and 709 twins (MZ = 29.9%, same-sex DZ = 37.8%, opposite-sex DZ = 31.7%, and unknown zygosity = 0.6%) with ethnically and socioeconomically diverse backgrounds. Families were followed longitudinally with annual assessments at ages 9, 10, and 11. Our results showcased a significant positive relationship between economic stress and the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology symptoms in children. Our social stress indicators were categorized into family stress and negative parenting constructs. It was observed that family stress was linked to an increase in both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, when it came to parenting behaviors, no significant associations were identified with the development of either externalizing or internalizing symptoms in our study. In terms of the potential moderating effects of a positive sibling relationship, no significant results were found. Ultimately, our study showcases the adverse impact of stress on children and early adolescents. Further research on the impacts of the relationship between siblings can help us to better understand the dynamics in the home as a whole and explore whether relationships beyond those with supportive adults can contribute to resilience in children. This knowledge may guide interventions and preventive measures aimed at mitigating the effects of psychopathology in young individuals.
ContributorsHammond, Arden (Author) / Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn (Thesis director) / Ostner, Savannah (Committee member) / Pickett, Janna (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2023-12
Description
Approximately 20% of youth experience mental health problems (Vasileva et al., 2021), and dimensions of early childhood temperament, specifically negative affectivity and effortful control, predict later mental health (Rothbart, 2007). Examining temperament using person-centered methods, particularly in stressful contexts, may improve our understanding of vulnerability to adolescent emotional problems. The current study examined whether specific patterns, or types, of infant temperament longitudinally predicted adolescent anxiety and depression symptoms and whether family relationship stress moderated this association. We hypothesized that infants with a Negative Dysregulated temperament would experience higher anxiety and depression symptoms in later childhood compared to those with a Typical Expressive temperament, and that family relationship stress would exacerbate this link. In an ongoing-longitudinal study of families with twins (N=563, 51% female, 29.8% Hispanic/Latinx, 58.4% White; Lemery-Chalfant et al., 2019), primary caregivers (PCs) reported on infant temperament at 12 months (IBQ; Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003, α=.74-.90). In a prior study (Murillo et al., 2023), latent profile analysis yielded three infant temperament types: Negative Dysregulated, Positive Well-Regulated, and Typical Expressive. PCs reported on partner strain (PSS; Schuster, Kessler, & Asseltine, 1990, α=.87) and family conflict (FCS; Porter & O’Leary, 1980, α=.80) at age 8 and a composite of these two measures represented Family Relationship Stress (r = .689). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to form Depression and Anxiety outcome composites based on PC (4 reports), secondary caregiver (2 reports), teacher (2 reports), and self-report (3 reports) measures of depression and anxiety symptoms collected from ages 8-11 (HBQ, Armstrong & Goldstein, 2003; BPI, Measelle et al., 1998, all α’s > .80). We randomly selected one twin from each pair and conducted regression analyses, and then used the second twin for an internal replication. Family relationship stress had a significant main effect on both anxiety and depressive symptoms. The Negative Dysregulated temperament type did not predict anxiety and depression at ages 8-11, however, it interacted with family relationship stress to predict anxiety and depression in 1 of 2 samples. When family relationship stress was low, the Negative Dysregulated type was significantly associated with higher anxiety and depression outcomes compared to the Typical Expressive type, and high family relationship stress was significantly associated with lower depression outcomes. Elucidating these longitudinal relations is important for informing early intervention and reducing the burden of adolescent psychopathology.
ContributorsSingh, Ajuni (Author) / Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn (Thesis director) / Corbin, William (Committee member) / Davis, Mary (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor)
Created2023-12
Description
The opioid crisis is a dangerous public health issue on the rise among college students involved in Greek organizations. This study investigated what first-year students involved in National Panhellenic Conference (NPC) sororities and Interfraternity Council (IFC) fraternities at Arizona State University (ASU) know about opioids and how to react in the event of an opioid overdose to provide recommendations for ASU. Data was collected by surveying first-year NPC and IFC students at ASU on their knowledge and behavior patterns regarding opioids and overdoses. Additionally, a series of interviews with large public universities in the United States were conducted to discuss resources available to students. It was found that the fraternity and sorority members surveyed have an inadequate amount of knowledge about opioids and overdoses, but have less experiences with opioids and/or overdoses compared to non-Greek affiliated students at ASU. It is believed that with proper education and access to resources, students will decrease their risk of experiencing an overdose. This research provided the basis to argue for educational programs and resources being provided to students at ASU.
ContributorsKatzman, McKenna (Author) / Sher, Olivia (Co-author) / Kappes, Janelle (Thesis director) / Wynn, Bridgette (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Hugh Downs School of Human Communication (Contributor)
Created2023-05