Matching Items (63)
Filtering by
- All Subjects: Computer Science
- Creators: Sen, Arunabha
Description
Social links form the backbone of human interactions, both in an offline and online world. Such interactions harbor network diffusion or in simpler words, information spreading in a population of connected individuals. With recent increase in user engagement in social media platforms thus giving rise to networks of large scale, it has become imperative to understand the diffusion mechanisms by considering evolving instances of these network structures. Additionally, I claim that human connections fluctuate over time and attempt to study empirically grounded models of diffusion that embody these variations through evolving network structures. Patterns of interactions that are now stimulated by these fluctuating connections can be harnessed
towards predicting real world events. This dissertation attempts at analyzing
and then modeling such patterns of social network interactions. I propose how such
models could be used in advantage over traditional models of diffusion in various
predictions and simulations of real world events.
The specific three questions rooted in understanding social network interactions that have been addressed in this dissertation are: (1) can interactions captured through evolving diffusion networks indicate and predict the phase changes in a diffusion process? (2) can patterns and models of interactions in hacker forums be used in cyber-attack predictions in the real world? and (3) do varying patterns of social influence impact behavior adoption with different success ratios and could they be used to simulate rumor diffusion?
For the first question, I empirically analyze information cascades of Twitter and Flixster data and conclude that in evolving network structures characterizing diffusion, local network neighborhood surrounding a user is particularly a better indicator of the approaching phases. For the second question, I attempt to build an integrated approach utilizing unconventional signals from the "darkweb" forum discussions for predicting attacks on a target organization. The study finds that filtering out credible users and measuring network features surrounding them can be good indicators of an impending attack. For the third question, I develop an experimental framework in a controlled environment to understand how individuals respond to peer behavior in situations of sequential decision making and develop data-driven agent based models towards simulating rumor diffusion.
towards predicting real world events. This dissertation attempts at analyzing
and then modeling such patterns of social network interactions. I propose how such
models could be used in advantage over traditional models of diffusion in various
predictions and simulations of real world events.
The specific three questions rooted in understanding social network interactions that have been addressed in this dissertation are: (1) can interactions captured through evolving diffusion networks indicate and predict the phase changes in a diffusion process? (2) can patterns and models of interactions in hacker forums be used in cyber-attack predictions in the real world? and (3) do varying patterns of social influence impact behavior adoption with different success ratios and could they be used to simulate rumor diffusion?
For the first question, I empirically analyze information cascades of Twitter and Flixster data and conclude that in evolving network structures characterizing diffusion, local network neighborhood surrounding a user is particularly a better indicator of the approaching phases. For the second question, I attempt to build an integrated approach utilizing unconventional signals from the "darkweb" forum discussions for predicting attacks on a target organization. The study finds that filtering out credible users and measuring network features surrounding them can be good indicators of an impending attack. For the third question, I develop an experimental framework in a controlled environment to understand how individuals respond to peer behavior in situations of sequential decision making and develop data-driven agent based models towards simulating rumor diffusion.
ContributorsSarkar, Soumajyoti (Author) / Shakarian, Paulo (Thesis advisor) / Liu, Huan (Committee member) / Lakkaraju, Kiran (Committee member) / Sen, Arunabha (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
This thesis addresses the following fundamental maximum throughput routing problem: Given an arbitrary edge-capacitated n-node directed network and a set of k commodities, with source-destination pairs (s_i,t_i) and demands d_i> 0, admit and route the largest possible number of commodities -- i.e., the maximum throughput -- to satisfy their demands.
The main contributions of this thesis are three-fold: First, a bi-criteria approximation algorithm is presented for this all-or-nothing multicommodity flow (ANF) problem. This algorithm is the first to achieve a constant approximation of the maximum throughput with an edge capacity violation ratio that is at most logarithmic in n, with high probability. The approach used is based on a version of randomized rounding that keeps splittable flows, rather than approximating those via a non-splittable path for each commodity: This allows it to work for arbitrary directed edge-capacitated graphs, unlike most of the prior work on the ANF problem. The algorithm also works if a weighted throughput is considered, where the benefit gained by fully satisfying the demand for commodity i is determined by a given weight w_i>0. Second, a derandomization of the algorithm is presented that maintains the same approximation bounds, using novel pessimistic estimators for Bernstein's inequality. In addition, it is shown how the framework can be adapted to achieve a polylogarithmic fraction of the maximum throughput while maintaining a constant edge capacity violation, if the network capacity is large enough. Lastly, one important aspect of the randomized and derandomized algorithms is their simplicity, which lends to efficient implementations in practice. The implementations of both randomized rounding and derandomized algorithms for the ANF problem are presented and show their efficiency in practice.
The main contributions of this thesis are three-fold: First, a bi-criteria approximation algorithm is presented for this all-or-nothing multicommodity flow (ANF) problem. This algorithm is the first to achieve a constant approximation of the maximum throughput with an edge capacity violation ratio that is at most logarithmic in n, with high probability. The approach used is based on a version of randomized rounding that keeps splittable flows, rather than approximating those via a non-splittable path for each commodity: This allows it to work for arbitrary directed edge-capacitated graphs, unlike most of the prior work on the ANF problem. The algorithm also works if a weighted throughput is considered, where the benefit gained by fully satisfying the demand for commodity i is determined by a given weight w_i>0. Second, a derandomization of the algorithm is presented that maintains the same approximation bounds, using novel pessimistic estimators for Bernstein's inequality. In addition, it is shown how the framework can be adapted to achieve a polylogarithmic fraction of the maximum throughput while maintaining a constant edge capacity violation, if the network capacity is large enough. Lastly, one important aspect of the randomized and derandomized algorithms is their simplicity, which lends to efficient implementations in practice. The implementations of both randomized rounding and derandomized algorithms for the ANF problem are presented and show their efficiency in practice.
ContributorsChaturvedi, Anya (Author) / Richa, Andréa W. (Thesis advisor) / Sen, Arunabha (Committee member) / Schmid, Stefan (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
A community in a social network can be viewed as a structure formed by individuals who share similar interests. Not all communities are explicit; some may be hidden in a large network. Therefore, discovering these hidden communities becomes an interesting problem. Researchers from a number of fields have developed algorithms to tackle this problem.
Besides the common feature above, communities within a social network have two unique characteristics: communities are mostly small and overlapping. Unfortunately, many traditional algorithms have difficulty recognizing these small communities (often called the resolution limit problem) as well as overlapping communities.
In this work, two enhanced community detection techniques are proposed for re-working existing community detection algorithms to find small communities in social networks. One method is to modify the modularity measure within the framework of the traditional Newman-Girvan algorithm so that more small communities can be detected. The second method is to incorporate a preprocessing step into existing algorithms by changing edge weights inside communities. Both methods help improve community detection performance while maintaining or improving computational efficiency.
Besides the common feature above, communities within a social network have two unique characteristics: communities are mostly small and overlapping. Unfortunately, many traditional algorithms have difficulty recognizing these small communities (often called the resolution limit problem) as well as overlapping communities.
In this work, two enhanced community detection techniques are proposed for re-working existing community detection algorithms to find small communities in social networks. One method is to modify the modularity measure within the framework of the traditional Newman-Girvan algorithm so that more small communities can be detected. The second method is to incorporate a preprocessing step into existing algorithms by changing edge weights inside communities. Both methods help improve community detection performance while maintaining or improving computational efficiency.
ContributorsWang, Ran (Author) / Liu, Huan (Thesis advisor) / Sen, Arunabha (Committee member) / Colbourn, Charles (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2015