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- All Subjects: Central America
- Creators: Calleros, Charles
- Creators: Hancock, Cassie
- Member of: Barrett, The Honors College Thesis/Creative Project Collection
Description
Over the past decade, the United States and the European Union have adopted major changes to asylum policy and enforcement, specifically the increase of deterrence policies contrary to international asylum norms. The goal of this has been to reduce the pull factors towards the US and EU. Deterrence policies have largely been characterized by two main strategies: (1) deterrence at the border through stricter regulations and detention policies, and (2) deterrence through the creation of formal buffer zone countries between the asylum seekers’ countries of origin and the ultimate country of destination. These policies have been instituted in response to the spike in Central American asylum seekers at the US/Mexico border and Syrian asylum seekers at the Greece/Turkey border at the entrance of the EU. This paper compares these two separate geographic areas––the US and EU––due to their roles in the development of international law, their roles in the development and management of these crises, and the similar increase of asylum seekers in 2014-15. This paper also details the severity of the conditions in the asylee-sending areas––Central America and Syria––which are major “push factors” driving the crises. Finally, this paper explores the novel use of Mexico and Turkey as formal buffer zones by the United Staes and the European Union, respectively. The increase of deterrence policies culminating in the creation of formal buffer zones countries violates key principles of international asylum law, namely non-refoulement. These buffer zones must be redesigned proactively to better suit the realities of asylum in the 21st century.
ContributorsDooling, Maria Hana (Author) / Sivak, Henry (Thesis director) / Calleros, Charles (Committee member) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor) / School of Politics and Global Studies (Contributor, Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2019-05
Description
The relationship between proper nutrition in the first 1,000 days of an infant’s life and better health is widely recognized as being one of the most important factors in creating a strong foundation for health throughout childhood. An important aspect of proper infant nutrition is exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life (Save the Children International, 2012). In El Salvador, the percentage of children that are not growing well (i.e. who are stunted, wasted, or overweight) is higher than the regional average for Central America (UNICEF, 2019). The goal of this research is to identify barriers to mothers’ abilities to exclusively breastfeed in the departments of Santa Ana and Ahuachapan, El Salvador, and what changes in behavior are observed when they are provided with a manual breast pump and educational resources about proper infant nutrition. Ninety-two mothers of infants between 0 and 6 months of age in 12 communities throughout these two departments participated in surveys about their infant’s nutrition and breastfeeding rates. Half of the women were surveyed prior to receiving education about proper infant nutrition and a manual breast pump (control group), and the other half were surveyed between 3 weeks and 6 months after participating in the class and receiving a breast pump (small initial group and experimental group). The mothers identify three main barriers to their ability to exclusively breastfeed: difficulty latching, time away from home, and low breastmilk supply. The mothers in the small initial group and experimental group identify specific ways in which the breast pump was a solution for those exact barriers. The percentage of women that were exclusively breastfeeding without access to a breast pump was 34%, and the percentage of women that were exclusively breastfeeding after the women in the experimental and small initial group received access to a breast pump was 54%. This suggests that universal breast pump access and promotion of breast pump usage may raise the national rates of exclusive breastfeeding and consequently improve health outcomes for infants and children in El Salvador.
ContributorsHancock, Cassie (Author) / Brian, Jennifer (Thesis director) / Stotts, Rhian (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of International Letters and Cultures (Contributor) / School of Human Evolution & Social Change (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2022-05