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Comparison of concentric and eccentric bench press

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Eccentric muscle action (ECC) occurs when the force exerted by a working muscle is less than that of an outside resistance. This is characterized by muscle lengthening, despite actin-myosin crossbridge formation. Research has indicated that muscles acting eccentrically are capable of producing more force when compared to muscles acting concentrically.…

Eccentric muscle action (ECC) occurs when the force exerted by a working muscle is less than that of an outside resistance. This is characterized by muscle lengthening, despite actin-myosin crossbridge formation. Research has indicated that muscles acting eccentrically are capable of producing more force when compared to muscles acting concentrically. Further, research has shown ECC muscle actions may have different fatigue patterns that CON actions. The purpose of this study was to determine if a) ECC bench press yields greater strength than concentric (CON) as measured by one-repetition maximum (1RM), b) there is a difference between the number of repetitions that can be completed concentrically and eccentrically under the same relative intensities of 1RM (90%, 80%, 70%, 60%), c) a prediction model may be able to predict ECC 1RM from CON 1RM or CON repetitions to fatigue. For this study, 30 healthy males (age = 24.63 + 5.6 years) were tested for 1RM in CON and ECC bench press, as well as the number of repetitions they were able to complete at various intensities of mode-specific 1RM. A mechanical hoist was affixed to a gantry crane and placed over a standard weightlifting bench. The hoist was connected to 45lb plates that were loaded on a standard barbell, which allowed for mechanical raising and lowering of the barbell. For CON repetitions, the weight was mechanically lowered to the chest and the participant pressed it up. For ECC repetitions, the weight was mechanically raised and the participant lowered it. Paired t-tests showed that ECC 1RM was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than CON 1RM (ECC =255.17 + 68.37lbs, CON = 205.83 + 58.43lbs). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the number of repetitions completed at 90% 1RM (CON = 4.57 + 2.21 repetitions, ECC = 7.67 + 3.24 repetitions). There were no differences in repetitions completed at any other intensity 1RM. CON 1RM and the number of repetitions completed with two different absolute loads (130-150lbs and 155-175lbs) concentrically and eccentrically were valid predictors of ECC 1RM. These data indicate that ECC actions yield increased force capabilities than CON actions, there is no difference in the rate of the fatigue, and ECC 1RM may be predicted from various CON tests.
ContributorsKelly, Stephen B., Jr (Author) / Hooker, Steven (Thesis advisor) / Brown, Lee (Committee member) / Buman, Matthew (Committee member) / Gaesser, Glenn (Committee member) / Swan, Pamela (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
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Next level warriorship: intellectuals' role in acts of resistance within the Idle No More movement

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Abstract

 

Everyday living, as an Indigenous person, is an act of resistance. On December 21, 2012, there was a national day of action that included rallies and demonstrations happening all over the world to stand in solidarity with First Nations Indigenous peoples in Canada under the banner Idle No…

Abstract

 

Everyday living, as an Indigenous person, is an act of resistance. On December 21, 2012, there was a national day of action that included rallies and demonstrations happening all over the world to stand in solidarity with First Nations Indigenous peoples in Canada under the banner Idle No More (INM). The pressure of the movement all came to an end after the cooptation from a few First Nation leadership on January 11, 2013. Despite the failures, the INM movement brought hope, the urgency to act, and ideas of the decolonization and resurgence process. This movement was educational in focus and with that, there is the need to explore essential roles to advance Indigenous resistance to ensure Indigenous liberation. Here I explore the role of the intellectual, and in particular three scholars who provide next level warriorship. Their contributions redirected the conceptualization of decolonization to a process of resurgence. In this manner, authentic Indigenous nationhood is possible.
ContributorsMedina, Laura (Author) / Martinez, David (Thesis advisor) / VIcenti- Carpio, Myla (Committee member) / Riding In, James (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018
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Plasmodium Cost of Resistance and Life Stage Development within the Mosquito Vector

Description

Hundreds of thousands of people die annually from malaria; a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium is responsible for this mortality. The Plasmodium parasite undergoes several life stages within the mosquito vector, the transition between which require passage across the lumen of the mosquito midgut. It has been observed that in…

Hundreds of thousands of people die annually from malaria; a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium is responsible for this mortality. The Plasmodium parasite undergoes several life stages within the mosquito vector, the transition between which require passage across the lumen of the mosquito midgut. It has been observed that in about 15% of parasites that develop ookinetes in the mosquito abdomen, sporozoites never develop in the salivary glands, indicating that passage across the midgut lumen is a significant barrier in parasite development (Gamage-Mendis et al., 1993). We aim to investigate a possible correlation between passage through the midgut lumen and drug-resistance trends in Plasmodium falciparum parasites. This study contains a total of 1024 Anopheles mosquitoes: 187 Anopheles gambiae and 837 Anopheles funestus samples collected in high malaria transmission areas of Mozambique between March and June of 2016. Sanger sequencing will be used to determine the prevalence of known resistance alleles for anti-malarial drugs: chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt), multidrug resistance (pfmdr1) gene, dihydropteroate synthase (pfdhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr). We compare prevalence of resistance between abdomen and head/thorax in order to determine whether drug resistant parasites are disproportionately hindered during their passage through the midgut lumen. A statistically significant difference between resistance alleles in the two studied body sections supports the efficacy of new anti-malarial gene surveillance strategies in areas of high malaria transmission.
ContributorsPhillips, Keeley Isabella (Author) / Huijben, Silvie (Thesis director) / Gile, Gillian (Committee member) / Young, Steven (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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Where Sovereignty Lies: The Walker River Paiute Tribes Fight to Protect and Defend Unceded Lands and Sacred Sites Against U.S. Militarization

Description
The Walker River Paiute Tribes land is in question, despite their inherentsovereign right to protect and access to it. The argument posed in this document is that the United States (U.S.). military has two military bases that border the Walker River Paiute Tribe and illegally occupy their unceded lands, trust…

The Walker River Paiute Tribes land is in question, despite their inherentsovereign right to protect and access to it. The argument posed in this document is that the United States (U.S.). military has two military bases that border the Walker River Paiute Tribe and illegally occupy their unceded lands, trust lands and sacred sites. Their land and sacred sites have been contaminated and destroyed by U.S. military ammunition and ordnance. The U.S. has militarized the Walker River Paiute Tribe in order to push the advancement and training of the U.S military. This thesis uses place-based learning methods to strengthen the connection that the Walker River Paiute Tribe has to the land and recognizes how colonialism, forced removal, and Indian policies have weakened the sovereignty of the Walker River Paiute Tribe. It also examines and spotlights the resistance to every intersectional attempt to destabilize and assimilate the Walker River Paiute Tribe. Case studies, law and order codes, case law and statutes are included in this thesis as foundational pieces to bringing this illegal activity before the Supreme Court. The tribe has an invested interest to these lands because they have occupied and cared for them for thousands of years. The Walker River Paiute Tribe demonstrates self-determination and the practice of sovereignty by remaining in opposition to the illegal activity that has been on- going for over 75 years. Research findings from these studies answer the following questions: How has the U.S. militarization against the Walker River Paiute Tribe affected the sovereignty of the tribe and forced lifeway disruptions? How can connections be drawn between other Indigenous sacred sites and U.S.militarization? And how global militarization can be paralleled to the militarization that has historically happened on American soil. Most importantly, this document produces a timeline of Walker River Paiute Tribe resistance to U.S. militarization since the establishment of each military base.
ContributorsMiller, Crystal (Author) / Martinez, David (Thesis advisor) / Vicenti Carpio, Myla (Committee member) / Fitzgerald, Stephanie (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022