Filtering by
- Creators: School of Life Sciences
Women’s roles in society have changed significantly throughout the years. The movement to support the rights of women has been ongoing throughout the evolution of society but has been especially prevalent in the last century. The 1960s are when women began to enter the workforce instead of being limited to presuming roles as homemakers. Since that point in time, women have continued to thrive in the workforce and have pursued a larger variety of positions in various fields. Even though the opportunities for women continue to grow, there still seems to be an underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) related fields. The underrepresentation of women pursuing physician and entrepreneurship roles in STEM will be analyzed and the challenges this group of people specifically encounter will be examined. Our first proposal to encourage women to enter STEM focuses on middle-school initiatives and incubator programs. The second proposal, based on commonalities females face within the workforce, is finding a better work/home life balance with the development of new maternity/paternity leave policies. Through these initiatives, we believe that the gender gap in STEM can be bridged.
Women’s roles in society have changed significantly throughout the years. The movement to support the rights of women has been ongoing throughout the evolution of society but has been especially prevalent in the last century. The 1960s are when women began to enter the workforce instead of being limited to presuming roles as homemakers. Since that point in time, women have continued to thrive in the workforce and have pursued a larger variety of positions in various fields. Even though the opportunities for women continue to grow, there still seems to be an underrepresentation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) related fields. The underrepresentation of women pursuing physician and entrepreneurship roles in STEM will be analyzed and the challenges this group of people specifically encounter will be examined. Our first proposal to encourage women to enter STEM focuses on middle-school initiatives and incubator programs. The second proposal, based on commonalities females face within the workforce, is finding a better work/home life balance with the development of new maternity/paternity leave policies. Through these initiatives, we believe that the gender gap in STEM can be bridged.
Plant-made virus-like particles (VLPs), composed of HIV-1 Gag and deconstructed gp41 proteins, have been shown to be safe and immunogenic in mice. Here, we report the successful production of HIV-1 Gag/dgp41 VLPs in Nicotiana benthamiana, using an enhanced geminivirus-based expression vector. This novel vector results in unique expression kinetics, with peak protein accumulation and minimal necrosis achieved on day 4 post-infiltration. In comparing various purification strategies, it was determined that a 20% ammonium sulfate precipitation is an effective and efficient method for removing plant proteins and purifying the recombinant VLPs of interest. If further purification is required, this may be achieved through ultracentrifugation. VLPs are a useful platform for a variety of biomedical applications and developing the technology to efficiently produce VLPs in the plant expression system is of critical importance.
Cyanidioschyzon merolae, a unicellular extremophilic red algae, is found in hot, acidic groundwater with high concentrations of heavy metals. The association makes it an ideal species to investigate mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance, which may lead to its use in phyco- remediation wherein photosynthetic algae use biological processes to bind and remove toxic substances. Two strains of C. merolae, MS1 and 10D, are genetically very similar, despite the latter lacking a cell wall. To investigate heavy metal toxicity and the role of the cell wall, the two strains of C. merolae were exposed to various concentrations of cadmium and cultures were evaluated spectrophotometrically to assess the impact on growth over a 7-day period. The IC50 values of MS1 and 10D were estimated to be 15 and 0.5 ppm CdCl2 respectively, indicating that the cell wall provides protection under the presence of heavy metals. Cadmium uptake was also measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) to investigate metal ion exclusion and acidocalcisome-Cd2+ chelation as potential tolerance mechanisms. ICP-OES data indicated that 10D inoculum pretreated with phosphate depletion and re-supplementation, to induce Cd chelation in acidocalcisomes, then cultured in MA2 had the highest biomass Cd content of all strains and treatments (0.321 ppm; 31.55%). The cell wall clearly promotes survival and resistance to higher concentrations of environmental heavy metals, however, neither MS1 nor 10D seemed to be strains primed for phyco-remediation of heavy metal contamination through cellular uptake and sequestration.