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Purpose: This qualitative research aimed to create a developmentally and gender-appropriate game-based intervention to promote Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in adolescents. <br/>Background: Ranking as the most common sexually transmitted infection, about 80 million Americans are currently infected by HPV, and it continues to increase with an estimated 14 million new

Purpose: This qualitative research aimed to create a developmentally and gender-appropriate game-based intervention to promote Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in adolescents. <br/>Background: Ranking as the most common sexually transmitted infection, about 80 million Americans are currently infected by HPV, and it continues to increase with an estimated 14 million new cases yearly. Certain types of HPV have been significantly associated with cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers in women; penile cancers in men; and oropharyngeal and anal cancers in both men and women. Despite HPV vaccination being one of the most effective methods in preventing HPV-associated cancers, vaccination rates remain suboptimal in adolescents. Game-based intervention, a novel medium that is popular with adolescents, has been shown to be effective in promoting health behaviors. <br/>Methods: Sample/Sampling. We used purposeful sampling to recruit eight adolescent-parent dyads (N = 16) which represented both sexes (4 boys, 4 girls) and different racial/ethnic groups (White, Black, Latino, Asian American) in the United States. The inclusion criteria for the dyads were: (1) a child aged 11-14 years and his/her parent, and (2) ability to speak, read, write, and understand English. Procedure. After eligible families consented to their participation, semi-structured interviews (each 60-90 minutes long) were conducted with each adolescent-parent dyad in a quiet and private room. Each dyad received $50 to acknowledge their time and effort. Measure. The interview questions consisted of two parts: (a) those related to game design, functioning, and feasibility of implementation; (b) those related to theoretical constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Data analysis. The interviews were audio-recorded with permission and manually transcribed into textual data. Two researchers confirmed the verbatim transcription. We use pre-developed codes to identify each participant’s responses and organize data and develop themes based on the HBM and TPB constructs. After the analysis was completed, three researchers in the team reviewed the results and discussed the discrepancies until a consensus is reached.<br/>Results: The findings suggested that the most common motivating factors for adolescents’ HPV vaccination were its effectiveness, benefits, convenience, affordable cost, reminders via text, and recommendation by a health care provider. Regarding the content included in the HPV game, participants suggested including information about who and when should receive the vaccine, what is HPV and the vaccination, what are the consequences if infected, the side effects of the vaccine, and where to receive the vaccine. The preferred game design elements were: 15 minutes long, stories about fighting or action, option to choose characters/avatars, motivating factors (i.e., rewards such as allowing users to advance levels and receive coins when correctly answering questions), use of a portable electronic device (e.g., tablet) to deliver the education. Participants were open to multiplayer function which assists in a facilitated conversation about HPV and the HPV vaccine. Overall, the participants concluded enthusiasm for an interactive yet engaging game-based intervention to learn about the HPV vaccine with the goal to increase HPV vaccination in adolescents. <br/>Implications: Tailored educational games have the potential to decrease the stigma of HPV and HPV vaccination, increasing communication between the adolescent, parent, and healthcare provider, as well as increase the overall HPV vaccination rate.

ContributorsBeaman, Abigail Marie (Author) / Chen, Angela Chia-Chen (Thesis director) / Amresh, Ashish (Committee member) / Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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The SolarSPELL Health: Nursing and Midwifery library was created to provide health students and professionals in developing and underprivileged countries with resources for evidence based practice learning, and to help improve women’s health in the country with the highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Our team partnered with local

The SolarSPELL Health: Nursing and Midwifery library was created to provide health students and professionals in developing and underprivileged countries with resources for evidence based practice learning, and to help improve women’s health in the country with the highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Our team partnered with local health schools to identify the greatest areas of need. The SolarSPELL team searched for open access materials aimed towards students and professionals in the health field, ensured that this content was relevant to the location and took into account the resources available, curated this content and ensured consistency throughout the process, and lastly packaged the material in a platform that was easy to access and navigate. South Sudan is the newest country in the world, and they lack significant resources, as do all of the countries that SolarSPELL serves. Receiving this library will allow the health students and professionals in South Sudan to utilize the resources they currently have, to provide evidenced based care, both saving and improving lives.

ContributorsRaymond, Courtney (Author) / Ross, Heather (Thesis director) / Hosman, Laura (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-12
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The goal of this project was to create a quasi experimental study using an education module that teaches evidence-based practice methods. The theoretical frameworks used to create the educational content were the self-efficacy theory and the Health Belief Model. The evaluation methods used are based on the Kirkpatrick four level

The goal of this project was to create a quasi experimental study using an education module that teaches evidence-based practice methods. The theoretical frameworks used to create the educational content were the self-efficacy theory and the Health Belief Model. The evaluation methods used are based on the Kirkpatrick four level model. An education module was created to be culturally and regionally relevant to South Sudan and Malawi. The education module was designed to be part of the SolarSPELL Health: Nursing and Midwifery Library. This was done by performing a literature review, curating resources, creating the educational materials, creating learning scenarios, curating relevant belief scales, and integrating the content into the SolarSPELL Health: Nursing and Midwifery Library. The on ground implementation of the materials was not a part of this project, but instead is planned for future research. This project creates a foundation from which SolarSPELL Health can implement the resources at a future date. In the long term, the goal of implementing the experiment is to improve maternal mental and physical health outcomes in South Sudan and Malawi, both of which have extremely high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity.
ContributorsRaymond, Courtney (Author) / Ross, Heather (Thesis advisor) / Hosman, Laura (Committee member) / Pepin, Susan (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021