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- Creators: Arizona State University
- Creators: School of Life Sciences
- Resource Type: Text
Description
Previous research has shown that a loud acoustic stimulus can trigger an individual's prepared movement plan. This movement response is referred to as a startle-evoked movement (SEM). SEM has been observed in the stroke survivor population where results have shown that SEM enhances single joint movements that are usually performed with difficulty. While the presence of SEM in the stroke survivor population advances scientific understanding of movement capabilities following a stroke, published studies using the SEM phenomenon only examined one joint. The ability of SEM to generate multi-jointed movements is understudied and consequently limits SEM as a potential therapy tool. In order to apply SEM as a therapy tool however, the biomechanics of the arm in multi-jointed movement planning and execution must be better understood. Thus, the objective of our study was to evaluate if SEM could elicit multi-joint reaching movements that were accurate in an unrestrained, two-dimensional workspace. Data was collected from ten subjects with no previous neck, arm, or brain injury. Each subject performed a reaching task to five Targets that were equally spaced in a semi-circle to create a two-dimensional workspace. The subject reached to each Target following a sequence of two non-startling acoustic stimuli cues: "Get Ready" and "Go". A loud acoustic stimuli was randomly substituted for the "Go" cue. We hypothesized that SEM is accessible and accurate for unrestricted multi-jointed reaching tasks in a functional workspace and is therefore independent of movement direction. Our results found that SEM is possible in all five Target directions. The probability of evoking SEM and the movement kinematics (i.e. total movement time, linear deviation, average velocity) to each Target are not statistically different. Thus, we conclude that SEM is possible in a functional workspace and is not dependent on where arm stability is maximized. Moreover, coordinated preparation and storage of a multi-jointed movement is indeed possible.
ContributorsOssanna, Meilin Ryan (Author) / Honeycutt, Claire (Thesis director) / Schaefer, Sydney (Committee member) / Harrington Bioengineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-12
Description
Community Action Research Experiences (CARE) partnered with Mission of Mercy, a faith-based nonprofit organization that provides free medical care services to uninsured and underinsured individuals throughout the Phoenix valley. A needs assessment was conducted on Mission of Mercy's patient population and data collected over a two month long period, in which 91 completed surveys were collected. Participants were between the ages of 18 to over 65 and were largely Hispanic/Latino, followed by White/Anglo and Black/African American. The results indicate that there is need for increased patient education which could be satisfied by implement an incentive program. A need for a program specific to high blood pressure was also found. Participants were interested in dental services being offered, a service that is currently not offered through the Arizona chapter of Mission of Mercy. The study also showed that respondents were satisfied with the level of care received at Mission of Mercy.
ContributorsMack, Ashley Marie (Author) / Bradley, Robert (Thesis director) / Dumka, Larry (Committee member) / School of Sustainability (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor)
Created2016-05
Description
Tai Chi Chuan is an internal Chinese martial arts that practitioners believe provide will provide health benefits. This thesis attempts to summarize and analyze scientific studies that test Tai Chi Chuan as a therapeutic exercise. Systemic reviews and meta-analysis were included were based on the following criteria: studied Tai Chi Chuan in context of a specific disease, must include random control trials, and statistical analysis. Overall, Tai Chi Chuan studies portray the martial art as a low intensity exercise with numerous health benefits in pain management, emotional health, fall prevention, cardiopulmonary and cognitive function.
ContributorsTsai, Andrew Roy (Author) / Capco, David (Thesis director) / Tillman, Hoyt (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-05
Description
Sleep and weight health during childhood can be the essential building blocks that influence later physical and psychological health. Researchers note how neighborhood effects on health may be mediated or moderated by parenting or family-related factors. This dissertation expanded on the efforts through an examination of contextual predictors of children’s health using the Arizona Twin Project dataset (N = 933; 51.7% female; 56.5% White; 25.6% Latino). The family stress model (FSM), contextual relevance model (CRM), and the integrated model were used to test the relations between neighborhood and family factors on children sleep and weight health. Parent perceptions of neighborhood danger and childhood opportunities index were tested using multilevel- mediation, moderation, and moderated mediation models to address some of the limitations in previous reviews. The FSM was partially supported: parental stress and strain mediated the association between perceived neighborhood danger with sleep efficiency. However, the FSM was not fully supported as parental stress and disrupted parenting did not serially mediate the associations between neighborhood conditions and sleep efficiency. Moderation analyses revealed that negative parenting exacerbates associations between perceived neighborhood danger and sleep duration, demonstrating amplified disadvantages processes of the CRM. Negative parenting also moderated the associations between perceived neighborhood danger and sleep efficiency; the relationship was beyond what was noted in the CRM. Greater neighborhood opportunity was more strongly related to greater body fat percentage in families with higher positive parenting, as compared to families with lower positive parenting. Familism significantly moderated the association between neighborhood contexts and parental stress and strain within a subsample (Latino descent only). Last, the exploratory multilevel moderated mediation models suggested that most associations did not vary by the subgroups explored (i.e., positive parenting, familism cultural value). These results join a growing initiative to explore the science of ecological context, culture, and family interplay.
ContributorsPark, HyeJung (Author) / Doane, Leah D. (Thesis advisor) / White, Rebecca M.B. (Committee member) / Lemery-Chalfant, Kathryn (Committee member) / Su, Jinni (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
The current understanding of the extent of human biological variation is largely limited in scope. Up until now, most of the research has been conducted in largely sedentary, industrialized populations. Recently however, several foundational studies have demonstrated that these populations only represent one notch on the complete spectrum of human variation. As chronic diseases continue to rise worldwide, it is necessary for research to pivot its lens towards understanding the complete extent of human biological variation and the ecological, cultural, and psychological factors that influence its expression. This dissertation expands knowledge on human variation by examining the relationships between two metabolic hormones (leptin and adiponectin) and several health conditions among the Tsimane, a physically active population of forager-horticulturalists in lowland Bolivia that also face significant parasitic and pathogenic stressors. Leptin and adiponectin are key indicators of energy availability and have well-documented associations with certain health conditions in the literature. However, they have been virtually unstudied outside of the typical urban center research contexts. First, I examined the relationship between leptin and adiponectin and their association with both food insecurity and depression. Secondly, I examined the associations between leptin and adiponectin and several indicators of cardiovascular disease. Lastly, I performed laboratory validations to assess the potential limitations of using a relatively new and considerably cheaper option for biomarker analysis (dried blood spot sampling). These studies found associations between the metabolic hormones and food insecurity, depression, and several cardiovascular health indicators. However, several associations deviated from what had been reported in urban settings, demonstrating the value of exploring human variation outside of typical research contexts. Additionally, this study found that dried blood spot sampling is a very stable alternative to the more expensive and more cumbersome methods of blood collection, even despite location or equipment accessibility for non-local researchers. This opens up an avenue for future researchers to conduct studies that appreciate the extent of human variation without being hindered by cost, travel, and infrastructure.
ContributorsThomas, Jaclyn (Author) / Trumble, Benjamin (Thesis advisor) / Brewis, Alex (Thesis advisor) / Raichlen, David (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Depression is one of the top mental health concerns among undergraduatesand disproportionately affects students who are underrepresented in science. As
such, understanding how emerging science learning environments, such as online
science courses, affect students with depression is integral to creating a more
inclusive scientific community. In this exploratory study, I interviewed 24
undergraduates with depression who were pursuing an online BS degree in
biological sciences at a research-intensive institution. I assessed how students
perceived depression affected their learning, and in turn, how online science
courses affected their depression. Using a hybrid approach of deductive and
inductive coding, I found that students’ reported depression negatively affected an
array of cognitive domains when learning science online, including students’
effort, focus, and time management. Students reported that the fast pace of online
courses, the lack of needing to show up to a class in person, and difficulty
developing relationships with other students commonly exacerbated their
depression. Conversely, the flexibility of completing coursework when and where
students wanted, developing a relationship with the instructor, and the ease of
having questions answered online positively affected students' depression. This
study provides insight into ways to create inclusive online learning environments
for students with depression.
ContributorsMohammed, Tasneem (Author) / Cooper, Katelyn KC (Thesis advisor) / Brownell, Sara SB (Committee member) / Collins, James JM (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) has facilitated great scientific advancements in many fields, like material science, engineering, medicine, biology, and health. EPR provided the ability to investigate samples on molecular level to detect chemical composition and identify harmful substances like free radicals. This thesis aims to explore current health and diagnostics EPR research and investigate the free radical content in related paramagnetic centers. Examining paramagnetic diagnostic markers of Cancer, Sicklecell disease, oxidative stress, and food oxidation. After exploring current literature on EPR, an experiment is designed and conducted to test seven different coffee samples (Turkish coffee, Espresso Coffee, European Coffee, Ground Arabic Coffee, American Coffee, Roasted Arabic Coffee, and Green Arabic Coffee), using Bruker ELEXSYS E580 spectrometer at x-band and under both room temperature (298 K) and low temperature (106 -113 K). Several microwave powers (1, mW, 0.25 mW, 0.16 mW, 0.06 mW, 0.04 mW) and different modulation frequency (10 G, 5 G, 3 G) are used. The results revealed average g-value was 2.009, highest linewidth was 16.312. Espresso coffee had the highest concentration of radicals, and green Arabic coffee beans had the lowest. Obtained spectra showed signals of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) radicals; believed to be result of natural oxidation process, as well as trace amounts of Fe3+ and other transition metals impurities, likely to be naturally found in coffee or resulting from the process of coffee production.
ContributorsMaki, Husain (Author) / Newman, Nathan (Thesis advisor) / Alford, Terry (Committee member) / Chamberlin, Ralph (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
This project explores modern healthcare related disparities in Phoenix, Arizona, as well as the overarching historical structures that have influenced public health within the city. Historical and systemic racism, harmful housing policies, barriers preventing upwards economic mobility, and purposeful measures put in place by business leaders and city officials are all explored as factors impacting current disparities in access to care. In order to fully analyze the gaps in care, different areas, both high and low-income, are analyzed throughout history in order to understand shifting demographics and policies. The project concludes with an in-depth look at current public health efforts within Maricopa County, as well as with future policy recommendations.
ContributorsReiland, Sofia (Author) / Don, Rachael (Thesis director) / Schermerhorn, Calvin (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
A significant amount of prior research has been conducted to investigate type 2 diabetes, the most prevalent form afflicting over 90% of diabetic individuals [6]. Yet, gestational diabetes is an understudied form of diabetes that is thought to share various attributes with type 2 diabetes. It was the aim of this project to investigate a proposed mechanism of the disease, the contra-insulin effect, through a cell-culture experiment. To address the question of whether glycemic and hormonal conditions of cell-culture media affect Hs 795.Pl morphology, cellular growth, and glucose uptake, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and a glucose uptake assay was performed. It was hypothesized that higher the presence of hormones, specifically lactogen, in cell culture media will exacerbate the contra-insulin effect, decreasing the glucose uptake of the Hs 795.Pl cells and inducing abhorrent cell morphology. Qualitatively, estradiol and cortisol had a severe impact on cellular morphology indicative of stress and death. As for glucose uptake, it was decreased when the hormones were isolated compared to all together with estradiol thought to be majorly inhibitory to insulin’s proper functioning. It was concluded that cell morphology, growth, and glucose uptake were detrimentally impacted by the gestational hormones, especially those of cortisol and estrogen.
ContributorsPickett, Sydney (Author) / Gilchrist, Alex (Co-author) / Holechek, Susan (Thesis director) / Clarke, Richard (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
Although adverse events cannot always be prevented, the negative outcomes on development can potentially be modified by considering methods of fostering positive emotional and behavioral responses. The study examined biopsychosocial health outcomes in the presence of uncontrollable adverse childhood events with the goal of identifying a potential intervention to increase resilience, health, and safe behaviors among at-risk children. It was hypothesized that adverse events can result in positive biopsychosocial outcomes in the presence of high scores on the Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishments (PERMA) model of well-being, self-efficacy, gratitude, and the ability to envision a positive future self. The study retrospectively examined adverse childhood events and present behavioral, emotional, and physical health outcomes. Participant (n = 685) data were analyzed using Hayes PROCESS (v3.5) to test all components of the moderation model. Results suggest that as adverse events increase, health adversity also increases. However, those with high intrapersonal strengths showed better health outcomes. Through understanding intrapersonal pathways in the presence of adverse events, the study can potentially identify mechanisms important for promoting resilient outcomes in childhood that could cascade into adulthood.
ContributorsBraunstein, Bailey Marie (Author) / Mickelson, Kristin (Thesis advisor) / Hall, Deborah (Committee member) / Lindstrom-Johnson, Sarah (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022