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- All Subjects: engineering
- Creators: Mignolet, Marc
Description
The ability to design high performance buildings has acquired great importance in recent years due to numerous federal, societal and environmental initiatives. However, this endeavor is much more demanding in terms of designer expertise and time. It requires a whole new level of synergy between automated performance prediction with the human capabilities to perceive, evaluate and ultimately select a suitable solution. While performance prediction can be highly automated through the use of computers, performance evaluation cannot, unless it is with respect to a single criterion. The need to address multi-criteria requirements makes it more valuable for a designer to know the "latitude" or "degrees of freedom" he has in changing certain design variables while achieving preset criteria such as energy performance, life cycle cost, environmental impacts etc. This requirement can be met by a decision support framework based on near-optimal "satisficing" as opposed to purely optimal decision making techniques. Currently, such a comprehensive design framework is lacking, which is the basis for undertaking this research. The primary objective of this research is to facilitate a complementary relationship between designers and computers for Multi-Criterion Decision Making (MCDM) during high performance building design. It is based on the application of Monte Carlo approaches to create a database of solutions using deterministic whole building energy simulations, along with data mining methods to rank variable importance and reduce the multi-dimensionality of the problem. A novel interactive visualization approach is then proposed which uses regression based models to create dynamic interplays of how varying these important variables affect the multiple criteria, while providing a visual range or band of variation of the different design parameters. The MCDM process has been incorporated into an alternative methodology for high performance building design referred to as Visual Analytics based Decision Support Methodology [VADSM]. VADSM is envisioned to be most useful during the conceptual and early design performance modeling stages by providing a set of potential solutions that can be analyzed further for final design selection. The proposed methodology can be used for new building design synthesis as well as evaluation of retrofits and operational deficiencies in existing buildings.
ContributorsDutta, Ranojoy (Author) / Reddy, T Agami (Thesis advisor) / Runger, George C. (Committee member) / Addison, Marlin S. (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
The focus of this investigation includes three aspects. First, the development of nonlinear reduced order modeling techniques for the prediction of the response of complex structures exhibiting "large" deformations, i.e. a geometrically nonlinear behavior, and modeled within a commercial finite element code. The present investigation builds on a general methodology, successfully validated in recent years on simpler panel structures, by developing a novel identification strategy of the reduced order model parameters, that enables the consideration of the large number of modes needed for complex structures, and by extending an automatic strategy for the selection of the basis functions used to represent accurately the displacement field. These novel developments are successfully validated on the nonlinear static and dynamic responses of a 9-bay panel structure modeled within Nastran. In addition, a multi-scale approach based on Component Mode Synthesis methods is explored. Second, an assessment of the predictive capabilities of nonlinear reduced order models for the prediction of the large displacement and stress fields of panels that have a geometric discontinuity; a flat panel with a notch was used for this assessment. It is demonstrated that the reduced order models of both virgin and notched panels provide a close match of the displacement field obtained from full finite element analyses of the notched panel for moderately large static and dynamic responses. In regards to stresses, it is found that the notched panel reduced order model leads to a close prediction of the stress distribution obtained on the notched panel as computed by the finite element model. Two enrichment techniques, based on superposition of the notch effects on the virgin panel stress field, are proposed to permit a close prediction of the stress distribution of the notched panel from the reduced order model of the virgin one. A very good prediction of the full finite element results is achieved with both enrichments for static and dynamic responses. Finally, computational challenges associated with the solution of the reduced order model equations are discussed. Two alternatives to reduce the computational time for the solution of these problems are explored.
ContributorsPerez, Ricardo Angel (Author) / Mignolet, Marc (Thesis advisor) / Oswald, Jay (Committee member) / Spottswood, Stephen (Committee member) / Peralta, Pedro (Committee member) / Jiang, Hanqing (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
This dissertation presents methods for addressing research problems that currently can only adequately be solved using Quality Reliability Engineering (QRE) approaches especially accelerated life testing (ALT) of electronic printed wiring boards with applications to avionics circuit boards. The methods presented in this research are generally applicable to circuit boards, but the data generated and their analysis is for high performance avionics. Avionics equipment typically requires 20 years expected life by aircraft equipment manufacturers and therefore ALT is the only practical way of performing life test estimates. Both thermal and vibration ALT induced failure are performed and analyzed to resolve industry questions relating to the introduction of lead-free solder product and processes into high reliability avionics. In chapter 2, thermal ALT using an industry standard failure machine implementing Interconnect Stress Test (IST) that simulates circuit board life data is compared to real production failure data by likelihood ratio tests to arrive at a mechanical theory. This mechanical theory results in a statistically equivalent energy bound such that failure distributions below a specific energy level are considered to be from the same distribution thus allowing testers to quantify parameter setting in IST prior to life testing. In chapter 3, vibration ALT comparing tin-lead and lead-free circuit board solder designs involves the use of the likelihood ratio (LR) test to assess both complete failure data and S-N curves to present methods for analyzing data. Failure data is analyzed using Regression and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and reconciled with the LR test results that indicating that a costly aging pre-process may be eliminated in certain cases. In chapter 4, vibration ALT for side-by-side tin-lead and lead-free solder black box designs are life tested. Commercial models from strain data do not exist at the low levels associated with life testing and need to be developed because testing performed and presented here indicate that both tin-lead and lead-free solders are similar. In addition, earlier failures due to vibration like connector failure modes will occur before solder interconnect failures.
ContributorsJuarez, Joseph Moses (Author) / Montgomery, Douglas C. (Thesis advisor) / Borror, Connie M. (Thesis advisor) / Gel, Esma (Committee member) / Mignolet, Marc (Committee member) / Pan, Rong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
High Pressure Superheater 1 (HPSH1) is the first heat exchange tube bank inside the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) to encounter exhaust flue gas from the gas turbine of a Combined Cycle Power Plant. Steam flowing through the HPSH1 gains heat from the flue gas prior to entering the steam turbine. During cold start-ups, rapid temperature changes in operating condition give rise to significant temperature gradients in the thick-walled components of HPSH1 (manifolds, links, and headers). These temperature gradients produce thermal-structural stresses in the components. The resulting high cycle fatigue is a major concern as this can lead to premature failure of the components. The main objective of this project was to address the thermal-structural stress field induced in HPSH1 during a typical cold start-up transient. To this end, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to carry out the thermal-fluid analysis of HPSH1. The calculated temperature distributions in the component walls were the primary inputs for the finite element (FEA) model that performed structural analysis. Thermal-structural analysis was initially carried out at full-load steady state condition in order to gain confidence in the CFD and FEA methodologies. Results of the full-load steady state thermal-fluid analysis were found in agreement with the temperature values measured at specific locations on the outer surfaces of the inlet links and outlet manifold. It was found from the subsequent structural analysis that peak effective stresses were located at the connecting regions of the components and were well below the allowed stress values. Higher temperature differences were observed between the thick-walled HPSH1 components during the cold start-up transient as compared to the full-load steady state operating condition. This was because of the rapid temperature changes that occurred, especially in the steam temperature at the HPSH1 entry, and the different rates of heating or cooling for components with different wall thicknesses. Results of the transient thermal-fluid analysis will be used in future to perform structural analysis of the HPSH1. The developed CFD and FEA models are capable of analyzing various other transients (e.g., hot start-up and shut-down) and determine their influence on the durability of plant components.
ContributorsHardeep Singh (Author) / Roy, Ramendra P. (Thesis advisor) / Lee, Taewoo (Thesis advisor) / Mignolet, Marc (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2012
Description
A major concern in the operation of present-day gas turbine engines is the ingestion of hot mainstream gas into rotor-stator disk cavities of the high-pressure turbine stages. Although the engines require high gas temperature at turbine entry for good performance efficiency, the ingested gas shortens the lives of the cavity internals, particularly that of the rotor disks. Steps such as installing seals at the disk rims and injecting purge (secondary) air bled from the compressor discharge into the cavities are implemented to reduce the gas ingestion. Although there are advantages to the above-mentioned steps, the performance of a gas turbine engine is diminished by the purge air bleed-off. This then requires that the cavity sealing function be achieved with as low a purge air supply rate as possible. This, in turn, renders imperative an in-depth understanding of the pressure and velocity fields in the main gas path and within the disk cavities. In this work, experiments were carried out in a model 1.5-stage (stator-rotor-stator) axial air turbine to study the ingestion of main air into the aft, rotor-stator, disk cavity. The cavity featured rotor and stator rim seals with radial clearance and axial overlap and an inner labyrinth seal. First, time-average static pressure distribution was measured in the main gas path upstream and downstream of the rotor as well as in the cavity to ensure that a nominally steady run condition had been achieved. Main gas ingestion was determined by measuring the concentration distribution of tracer gas (CO2) in the cavity. To map the cavity fluid velocity field, particle image velocimetry was employed. Results are reported for two main air flow rates, two rotor speeds, and four purge air flow rates.
ContributorsJunnarkar, Nihal (Author) / Roy, Ramendra P (Thesis advisor) / Mignolet, Marc (Committee member) / Lee, Taewoo (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2010
Description
The technology and science capabilities of SmallSats continue to grow with the increase of capabilities in commercial off the shelf components. However, the maturation of SmallSat hardware has also led to an increase in component power consumption, this poses an issue with using traditional passive thermal management systems (radiators, thermal straps, etc.) to regulate high-power components. High power output becomes limited in order to maintain components within their allowable temperature ranges. The aim of this study is to explore new methods of using additive manufacturing to enable the usage of heat pipe structures on SmallSat platforms up to 3U’s in size. This analysis shows that these novel structures can increase the capabilities of SmallSat platforms by allowing for larger in-use heat loads from a nominal power density of 4.7 x 10^3 W/m3 to a higher 1.0 x 10^4 W/m3 , an order of magnitude increase. In addition, the mechanical properties of the SmallSat structure are also explored to characterize effects to the mechanical integrity of the spacecraft. The results show that the advent of heat pipe integration to the structures of SmallSats will lead to an increase in thermal management capabilities compared to the current state-of-the-art systems, while not reducing the structural integrity of the spacecraft. In turn, this will lead to larger science and technology capabilities for a field that is growing in both the education and private sectors.
ContributorsAcuna, Antonio (Author) / Das, Jnaneshwar (Thesis advisor) / Phelan, Patrick (Thesis advisor) / Mignolet, Marc (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
Description
This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the design of roller coasters. The study includes an overview of various roller coaster types, cart design, brake design, lift hill and launch design, support design, and roller coaster safety. Utilizing No Limits 2 to design the layout and CAD software for component design, a scale model roller coaster was designed. The physics of the roller coaster and its structures were analyzed and a scale model was produced. Afterward, an accelerometer was used to collect G force data as the cart moved along the track. However, the collected data differed from the expected results, as the launch speed was higher than predicted due to more friction than anticipated. As a result, further optimization of the design and models used to design the scale model roller coasters is necessary.
ContributorsJohnson, Kayla (Author) / Cardinale, Matthew (Co-author) / Murthy, Raghavendra (Thesis director) / Singh, Anoop (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
This thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the design of roller coasters. The study includes an overview of various roller coaster types, cart design, brake design, lift hill and launch design, support design, and roller coaster safety. Utilizing No Limits 2 to design the layout and CAD software for component design, a scale model roller coaster was designed. The physics of the roller coaster and its structures were analyzed and a scale model was produced. Afterward, an accelerometer was used to collect G force data as the cart moved along the track. However, the collected data differed from the expected results, as the launch speed was higher than predicted due to more friction than anticipated. As a result, further optimization of the design and models used to design the scale model roller coasters is necessary.
ContributorsCardinale, Matthew (Author) / Johnson, Kayla (Co-author) / Murthy, Raghavendra (Thesis director) / Singh, Anoop (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2023-05
Description
Two of the most fundamental barriers to the exploration of the solar system are the cost of transporting material to space and the time it takes to get to destinations beyond Earth’s sphere of influence. Space elevators can solve this problem by enabling extremely fast and propellant free transit to nearly any destination in the solar system. A space elevator is a structure that consists of an anchor on the Earth’s surface, a tether connected from the surface to a point well above geostationary orbit, and an apex counterweight anchor. Since the entire structure rotates at the same rate as the Earth regardless of altitude, gravity is the dominant force on structures below GEO while centripetal force is dominant above, allowing climber vehicles to accelerate from GEO along the tether and launch off from the apex with large velocities. The outcome of this project is the development of a MATLAB script that can design and analyze a space elevator tether and climber vehicle. The elevator itself is designed to require the minimum amount of material necessary to support a given climber mass based on provided material properties, while the climber is simulated separately. The climber and tether models are then combined to determine how the force applied by the climber vehicle changes the stress distribution inside the tether.
ContributorsNelson, Alexander (Author) / Peet, Matthew (Thesis director) / Mignolet, Marc (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2022-05
Description
This paper describes an effort to bring wing structural stiffness and aeroelastic considerations early in the conceptual design process with an automated tool. Stiffness and aeroelasticity can be well represented with a stochastic model during conceptual design because of the high level of uncertainty and variability in wing non-structural mass such as fuel loading and control surfaces. To accomplish this, an improvement is made to existing design tools utilizing rule based automated design to generate wing torque box geometry from a specific wing outer mold-line. Simple analysis on deflection and inferred stiffness shows how early conceptual design choices can strongly impact the stiffness of the structure. The impacts of design choices and how the buckling constraints drive structural weight in particular examples are discussed. The model is then carried further to include a finite element model (FEM) to analyze resulting mode shapes and frequencies for use in aeroelastic analysis. The natural frequencies of several selected wing torque boxes across a range of loading cases are compared.
ContributorsMiskin, Daniel L (Author) / Takahashi, Timothy T (Thesis advisor) / Mignolet, Marc (Committee member) / Murthy, Raghavendra (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2018