This thesis project will discuss how the three macronutrients, protein, carbohydrate and fat, benefit the body and what happens when the body is lacking in any of them. It also delves into micronutrients and supplements and how those can aid in the recovery process following an injury. Inflammation and sleep as well as mood disturbances are also explained. Meal options are available in the second half of this paper displaying pictures of nutritional meals along with their ingredients, instructions and calories. This project displays how a lack of protein can decrease muscle protein synthesis, how carbohydrate deficiency can lead to fatigue and more injury and how Omega-3 fatty acids are more beneficial than Omega-6 fatty acids. In addition, the paper discusses how vitamins, such as vitamin D and C, are important in providing bone strength and preventing excess inflammation. Supplements are reported to be beneficial, however, a disadvantage of consuming nutrients from a synthetic source can rob the athlete of a healthy mixture of nutrients and minerals. Overall, consumption of proper nutrients can aid in the recovery process following an injury and sleep is an important factor that should also be considered while the body heals.

This review of research aimed to explore and understand the benefits of transferable life skills learned through playing sports. Life skills are internal assets, characteristics, and skills that are developed from certain experiences and are beneficial if not necessary to complete daily tasks. Life skills can further be broken down into emotional, cognitive, and social subcategories. During this review of research, it was found that participation in sports programs may enhance the acquisition or improvement of these personal assets due to the development of physical, emotional, psychological, and social aspects, which can be transferred to different areas of life, such as work, school, and family. This leads us to hypothesize that participation in sports can be beneficial when it comes to developing life skills that are used in all aspects of life. The current body of literature suggests that Youth sports should be encouraged from a young age for the obvious physical benefits and behind-the-scenes psychological benefits.

The perception that homosexuality is an immoral affliction and an innovation from Western cultures is prevalent throughout Africa, specifically in six case countries: Togo, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and Namibia. This thesis seeks to demonstrate that homophobia, not homosexuality, is the true Western import. Additionally, it will analyze the background and colonial histories of my six dossier countries, their current laws surrounding LGBT+ rights, the social and legal repercussions of being LGBT+, and the consequences of state-sponsored homophobia in terms of justice, international law, and the future of each country. Based on my research, all these case countries use colonial-era provisions, penal codes, and religious norms to discriminate against homosexuals, which operate under legally-mandated “morality,” a notion inherently subjective. Additionally, the most targeted groups are gay men and transgender people, while lesbians and bisexual women are rarely targeted and convicted compared to homosexual men. This is due to various social, legal, and religious factors regarding the high importance of patriarchy and masculinity. Ultimately, this thesis concludes that European colonization in Togo, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda, Zimbabwe, and Namibia introduced new legal norms that persecuted pre-colonial practices of homosexuality under the guise of morality. Now, the repercussions are rampant and dangerous (especially for homosexual men and transgender people) and cannot be overcome without radical changes to local legal and social systems.

This research paper examines the impact of journaling on anxiety and team cohesion on a women’s beach volleyball team (n=12). Each athlete was given a 30-Day Reset Journal to complete and asked to complete a mid and end of program survey assessing their anxiety and team cohesion levels. The team head coach (n=1) was asked to have weekly discussions with the team about the journal and respond to a mid and end of program survey assessing if they perceived their team was benefiting from the journal. Athlete anxiety results were broken into four categories: Total Anxiety (p value: 0.40), Worry Score (p value: 0.41), Concentration Disruption Score (p value: 0.82), and Somatic Trait Score (p value: 0.20). Team cohesion results were displayed in five categories: Total Team Cohesion (p value: 0.46), Purpose and Goals (p value: 0.17), Team Relationships (p value: 0.26), Problem Solving (p value: 0.85), and Skills and Learning (p value: 0.47). Although anxiety scores did overall decrease, the data reflected no significant difference between the middle and end surveys. Team cohesion results also displayed decreases with no significant difference between the two surveys. Throughout the study, only four statements within the survey displayed significant change between mid and end program surveys (three anxiety and one team cohesion). Though results were not found to be significant, this study provides some insight into the potential benefits journaling can offer athletes in lowering their anxiety and how placing an emphasis on team discussion with a focus on goal development and shared purpose can increase team cohesion.