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Examining In-Session Group Leader Predictors of Adolescent Responsiveness to a Family-Based Universal Substance Use Prevention Program

Description
Implementation challenges associated with low community effectiveness rates include low levels of client responsiveness to the intervention, less than ideal intervention fidelity, and low levels of provider quality of intervention delivery. The literature is mixed on how group leader fidelity/quality of delivery are associated with client responsiveness, and research on…

Implementation challenges associated with low community effectiveness rates include low levels of client responsiveness to the intervention, less than ideal intervention fidelity, and low levels of provider quality of intervention delivery. The literature is mixed on how group leader fidelity/quality of delivery are associated with client responsiveness, and research on adolescents and ethnoracially diverse clients is particularly lacking. The current study examined group leader fidelity and quality of delivery as predictors of adolescent in-session group responsiveness to the first session of the Bridges intervention which is a universal, family-based, substance use prevention program delivered in Title I middle schools. Participants consisted of 325 adolescents across 30 intervention groups. Three separate observational coding teams coded group leader fidelity, group leader quality of delivery, and adolescent in-session group responsiveness to the program. Overall percentage of fidelity met was calculated. Next, two confirmatory factor analysis models were conducted on the responsiveness and quality of delivery data of session 1, and factor scores were extracted. Hierarchical linear regression was then conducted to predict adolescent responsiveness with group leader fidelity in step 1 and group leader quality of delivery in step 2. There were no significant associations between predictor variables and adolescent in-session group responsiveness. Findings suggest that group leader implementation constructs do not appear to account for a significant amount of the variance in adolescent group responsiveness during the first session. Future research should examine other variables that are relevant in influencing adolescent program engagement with larger sample sizes.
ContributorsKuckertz, Mary J (Author) / Gonzales, Nancy (Thesis advisor) / Mauricio, Anne (Committee member) / Anderson, Samantha (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
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Prospective Relations between Subjective Social Status and Depressive Symptoms in a Middle-Aged Community Sample: Exploring Biopsychosocial Mechanisms

Description
Subjective social status (SSS) is a marker of perceived social rank that has been linked with depressive symptoms over and above objective socioeconomic status (SES), but longitudinal studies are limited. SSS has been theorized to capture perceived relative versus absolute deprivation and the corresponding psychosocial processes underlying status-based disparities in…

Subjective social status (SSS) is a marker of perceived social rank that has been linked with depressive symptoms over and above objective socioeconomic status (SES), but longitudinal studies are limited. SSS has been theorized to capture perceived relative versus absolute deprivation and the corresponding psychosocial processes underlying status-based disparities in health. The literature suggests that upward social comparisons inherent in appraising SSS may confer psychosocial risk, which may in turn increase risk for depressive symptoms and stress-related inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of depression. However, no studies have examined whether interpersonal and biological factors simultaneously contribute to the inverse relation between SSS and depressive symptoms. This study examined whether (1) lower SSS was longitudinally associated with increased depressive mood symptoms, independent of income, and (2) whether higher social strain and lower social support simultaneously mediated the SSS— depressive mood symptoms relation directly and indirectly through higher interleukin-6 (IL-6). This study utilized secondary data from a representative community sample of 804 middle-aged adults taking part in a study of healthy aging between 2007 and 2012. Plasma levels of IL-6 and self-reported SSS, social support, and social strain were assessed at baseline, followed by an assessment of depressive mood symptoms by phone interview on average 20 months later. Results from multiple regression analysis revealed that lower SSS predicted higher depressive symptoms at follow-up after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and baseline depressive mood symptoms. Path analysis indicated that social strain significantly mediated the relation between SSS and depressive mood symptoms, but not after adjustment for baseline mood symptoms. Lower social support mediated the relation between lower SSS and higher depressive symptoms, but relations were non-significant in adjusted models. Contrary to predictions, paths including IL-6 were not significant. Lower SSS may represent a robust risk factor for subsequent depressive mood symptoms above and beyond income, in line with the conceptualization of SSS as a measure of relative deprivation. Further research examining biopsychosocial mechanisms would elucidate the implications of perceived low status and inform intervention efforts aimed at reducing the global burden of depressive symptoms.
ContributorsMoore, Shannon Victoria (Author) / Davis, Mary (Thesis advisor) / Luecken, Linda (Committee member) / Anderson, Samantha (Committee member) / Infurna, Frank (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021