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Soccer is bar none, the most popular sport in the entire world. It is played, followed, and loved by virtually every single country on Earth. Despite this massive support for the sport which houses some of the world’s biggest names in the world, its shortcomings when dealing with issues of

Soccer is bar none, the most popular sport in the entire world. It is played, followed, and loved by virtually every single country on Earth. Despite this massive support for the sport which houses some of the world’s biggest names in the world, its shortcomings when dealing with issues of racial injustice and incidents of racist behavior have become more pronounced in recent years. Although this open discussion regarding racism within the sport has recently begun to sprout, its roots can be tied back to decades ago while continuing to the present day, with players, referees, coaches, fans, commentators, and more all involved on both sides of the issue. <br/> We found this topic to be most prevalent in today’s society after witnessing multiple shameful racist incidents that have occurred to some of the world’s biggest players throughout European football in 2019, as well as the recent ongoing fight for racial reform and increased awareness regarding racial injustice in the United States. By doing comprehensive research and analysis on such incidents that have occurred throughout the years we hope to raise more awareness regarding this subject that has plagued the beautiful game. In addition, we hope to offer ways to remedy the problem one step at a time, all while answering the tough, but necessary questions regarding what specifically should be done in the sport, that others have been afraid to talk about for far too long. Specifically, we wanted to mainly highlight the experience of black players, with a further discussion on other minority groups, in English and Italian football as these two leagues have been a part of the largest debate between how club traditions, player-fan interactions, league policies, and staff management have all affected the way we view the game as the endemic of racism within the sport is exacerbated.

ContributorsPaul, Nikhil (Co-author) / Nazareno, Nathan (Co-author) / Jackson, Victoria (Thesis director) / Harrison, Jennifer (Committee member) / School of Life Sciences (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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Over the past few years, the issue of childhood trauma in the United States has become significant. A growing number of children are experiencing abuse, neglect, or some other form of maltreatment each year. Considering the stressful home lives of maltreated children, the one sure sanctuary is school. However, this

Over the past few years, the issue of childhood trauma in the United States has become significant. A growing number of children are experiencing abuse, neglect, or some other form of maltreatment each year. Considering the stressful home lives of maltreated children, the one sure sanctuary is school. However, this idea requires teachers to be actively involved in identifying and caring for the children who need it most. Traumatic childhood experiences leave lasting scars on its victims, so it is helpful if teachers learn how to identify and support children who have lived through them. It is unfortunate that teachers will most likely encounter children throughout their career who have experienced horrendous things, but it is a reality. With this being said, teachers need to develop an understanding of what traumatized children live with, and learn how to address these issues with skilled sensitivity. Schools are not just a place where children learn how to read and write; they build the foundation for a successful life. This project was designed to provide teachers with a necessary resource for helping children who have suffered traumatic experiences. The methodology of this project began with interviews with organizations specializing in working with traumatized children such as Arizonans for Children, Free Arts for Abused Children, The Sojourner Center, and UMOM. The next step was a review of the current literature on the subject of childhood trauma. The findings have all been compiled into one, convenient document for teacher use and distribution. Upon completion of this document, an interactive video presentation will be made available through an online education website, so that distribution will be made simpler. Hopefully, teachers will share the information with people in their networks and create a chain reaction. The goal is to make it available to as many teachers as possible, so that more children will receive the support they need.
ContributorsHanrahan, Katelyn Ann (Author) / Dahlstrom, Margo (Thesis director) / Kelley, Michael (Committee member) / Division of Teacher Preparation (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-05
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The goal of this research study was to empirically study a poster-based messaging campaign in comparison to that of a project-based learning approach in assessing the effectiveness of these methods in conveying the scope of biomedical engineering to upper elementary school students. For the purpose of this honors thesis, this

The goal of this research study was to empirically study a poster-based messaging campaign in comparison to that of a project-based learning approach in assessing the effectiveness of these methods in conveying the scope of biomedical engineering to upper elementary school students. For the purpose of this honors thesis, this research paper specifically reflects and analyzes the first stage of this study, the poster-based messaging campaign. 6th grade students received socially relevant messaging of juniors and seniors at ASU achieving their biomedical aspirations, and received information regarding four crucial themes of biomedical engineering via daily presentations and a website. Their learning was tracked over the course of the weeklong immersion program through a pre/post assessment. This data was then analyzed through the Wilcoxon matched pairs test to determine whether the change in biomedical engineering awareness was statistically significant. It was determined that a poster-based messaging campaign indeed increased awareness of socially relevant themes within biomedical engineering, and provided researchers with tangible ways to revise the study before a second round of implementation. The next stage of the study aims to explain biomedical engineering through engaging activities that stimulate making while emphasizing design-aesthetic appeal and engineering habits of mind such as creativity, teamwork, and communication.
ContributorsSwaminathan, Swetha Anu (Author) / Ganesh, Tirupalavanam (Thesis director) / Shrake, Scott (Committee member) / Harrington Bioengineering Program (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2016-05
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Over the past several years, there has been growing concern regarding concussions and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in all levels of sports. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that occurs from a blow to the head. When a concussion occurs, the brain knocks against the walls of the skull.

Over the past several years, there has been growing concern regarding concussions and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in all levels of sports. A concussion is a traumatic brain injury that occurs from a blow to the head. When a concussion occurs, the brain knocks against the walls of the skull. A concussion causes temporary loss of brain function leading to cognitive, physical, and emotional symptoms, such as confusion, vomiting,headache, nausea,depression, disturbed sleep, moodiness, and amnesia. Although the short-term effects of concussions are limited, the long-term effects of concussions, if untreated, can be devastating and even life-threatening. Concussions are having detrimental ramifications on society and it is important to know what these ramifications are. Concussions are a common occurrence in traditional physical sports such as soccer, basketball, and football. However, due to the violent nature of football (American football), concussions are more prevalent and the effects are more severe. Changes to rules and equipment, specifically helmets, have been made to reduce head impacts in football but there is not currently enough evidence to conclude that they significantly lessen the frequency and severity of concussions.
ContributorsLaughlin, Riley James (Author) / Squires, Kyle (Thesis director) / Shrake, Scott (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2015-05
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The purpose of this study was to bring new information to the field of education research on<br/>graduation rates and school programming. Research on graduation rates and the effects of school<br/>programs exist, however there is not an abundance of research aimed specifically at Title I high<br/>schools. The goal was to find

The purpose of this study was to bring new information to the field of education research on<br/>graduation rates and school programming. Research on graduation rates and the effects of school<br/>programs exist, however there is not an abundance of research aimed specifically at Title I high<br/>schools. The goal was to find what school characteristics might impact graduation rates in this<br/>population. The thesis focused on Title I high schools in the Phoenix Union District with a<br/>graduating 2019 class of at least 250 students. This limited the effect of variability (school size,<br/>location, socioeconomic status). To research this topic, school characteristics were selected<br/>including course rigor, mentor programs, and college prep programs, as well as specific schools.<br/>To obtain the information, multiple sources were used including the Arizona Department of<br/>Education website, school websites, and school administrators/staff. The research revealed that<br/>the effect of course rigor, college prep programs, and mentorship on graduation rates in Phoenix<br/>Union High Schools is not apparent. Further research should be conducted into other possible<br/>causes for the gaps in graduation rates between the Title I high schools in this district. Future<br/>research on ELL students and programs in the Phoenix Union district and their effectiveness or<br/>lack thereof is also recommended. The research shows that this large demographic negatively<br/>correlates with the overall graduation rates at the six schools researched.

ContributorsSmith, Keegan Brett (Co-author) / Mora, Marilyn (Co-author) / Kappes, Janelle (Thesis director) / Panneton, Teresa (Committee member) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor, Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2021-05
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This section acts as a guide for newly established nonprofits in creating a marketing plan. Through extensive research on what strategic marketing looks like in the nonprofit sector, we have developed a guide for nonprofits that are attempting to establish their brand and expand their marketing techniques.

First, we created

This section acts as a guide for newly established nonprofits in creating a marketing plan. Through extensive research on what strategic marketing looks like in the nonprofit sector, we have developed a guide for nonprofits that are attempting to establish their brand and expand their marketing techniques.

First, we created two separate surveys, taking responses from over 1000 individuals at Arizona State University. These surveys focused on building trust in nonprofits, preferred marketing strategies as a consumer, and general awareness for various social issues that affect local and national nonprofits. Second, we conducted professional interviews with marketing leaders at nonprofits. These ranged from smaller, local nonprofits to nonprofits that operate on a national level. Their missions were all geared toward different causes, meaning they offered a diverse set of skills and advice on nonprofit marketing.

After obtaining this data, we created a guide for nonprofit marketing. Because there is a lack of information available on building marketing techniques in the nonprofit sector, we aimed to create a general guideline that could be applied to a variety of nonprofits and develop their marketing strategy. This includes details on how to create an executive summary, conduct a SWOT analysis, and the different strategies a nonprofit organization should implement.

Further, to test this marketing plan, we partnered with a local nonprofit in Arizona, Million Dollar Teacher Project. Million Dollar Teacher Project is a relatively new nonprofit, and focuses on educational inequality in Arizona. After looking over all our research and the nonprofit marketing guide, we were able to develop a plan for increasing engagement, awareness, and trust for Million Dollar Teacher Project. We pinpointed areas of improvement, such as social media, ambassador programs, email marketing, and follow up strategy.

The nonprofit marketing plan, our survey results, interview transcripts, as well as our marketing plan for Million Dollar Teacher Project can be found below.
ContributorsMertz, Allison Michele (Co-author) / Thresher, Kaitlin (Co-author) / Eaton, John (Thesis director) / Mokwa, Michael (Committee member) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Department of Marketing (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
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The present text identifies issues within the African American collegiate football player's experience on the field after sustaining a head impact. Historically, African American athletes have had a vested interest in performing well on the football field as a means of climbing up the socio- economic ladder. The nature of

The present text identifies issues within the African American collegiate football player's experience on the field after sustaining a head impact. Historically, African American athletes have had a vested interest in performing well on the football field as a means of climbing up the socio- economic ladder. The nature of the athletes' sport makes them vulnerable to low-grade and high- grade head injuries. These individuals then become quick to weigh the options and accept the risks that come with the injuries. Some African American footballers come from lower income backgrounds; and, as such, they have been socialized to utilize sport as a means to gain higher socioeconomic and social status. Only, some head injuries cause greater underlying damage, which makes it more difficult for the individuals to overcome the challenges of gaining a higher status. These physiological damages incurred by the brain may later manifest themselves as psychological disorders or neurodegenerative disorders, including Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease. Such incidences correlate with the drift hypothesis, where the athletes' injuries prevent them from gaining ground from the socioeconomic standpoint. It is recommended that education on head impacts be implemented at a younger age in schools. Clinicians should focus their treatment plans on objective measures and implement the guidelines and protocols that have already been instated within the leagues. Athletes must advocate for their own health and well-being, just as they do for their advancement on the field. Furthermore, there should be separation between clinician, team, and business; and, all teams should enforce all regulations for safety.
ContributorsDavid, Katherine (Author) / Hita, Liza (Thesis director) / Jensen, Kendall (Committee member) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2018-05
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My thesis examined differences in areas of relationship conflict among various living arrangements of couples. I analyzed 249 phone call interviews from 54 couples that resided in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, had been in a relationship for at least six months, and were at least 21 years of age.

My thesis examined differences in areas of relationship conflict among various living arrangements of couples. I analyzed 249 phone call interviews from 54 couples that resided in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, had been in a relationship for at least six months, and were at least 21 years of age. By using a qualitative analysis, I analyzed differences in frequently mentioned areas of conflict (i.e. power, social issues, personal flaws, distrust, intimacy, personal distance) between romantic couples in three common couple living arrangements (i.e. non-cohabiting, cohabiting, and married). Findings showed certain areas of conflict were prevalent among all living arrangements, namely power and personal flaws. There were some differences between each living arrangement group: The non-cohabiting group was the only one to report distrust as a top area of conflict, and the cohabiting group reported more frequent incidents of conflict involving personal flaws than the married group. The married group identified social issues as a more prevalent area of conflict than the other groups. Differences in prevalent areas of conflict were examined in relation to varying levels of personal, structural and moral commitment that occur throughout the identified living arrangements.
ContributorsOlson, Paige O Shea (Author) / Iida, Masumi (Thesis director) / Fey, Richard (Committee member) / School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences (Contributor) / Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
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Online education and virtual learning spaces have become increasingly incorporated into the educational landscape. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic closed most institutions in 2020 for in-person learning, online education was growing rapidly. As the world emerged from the pandemic, online education and virtual learning environments of all types were commonplace

Online education and virtual learning spaces have become increasingly incorporated into the educational landscape. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic closed most institutions in 2020 for in-person learning, online education was growing rapidly. As the world emerged from the pandemic, online education and virtual learning environments of all types were commonplace in K-12, higher education, and professional development. This action research explored two main areas in the virtual learning space. First, this research focused on how to provide a more connected and social online learning experience. Specifically, the goal was to determine how participation in Supporting Online Connections in Asynchronous Learning (SOCIAL) helped faculty to provide opportunities for social interaction and learning within their online contexts. Second, this research sought to determine if the development experience itself impacts how the participants share and implement the knowledge they gain. Of particular interest was identifying if by providing this type of development within the same educational context (virtual, asynchronous, and diverse) there was a direct impact on their ability to develop and deliver similar virtual learning experiences to their students. This research provided asynchronous learning opportunities for educators within a private Facebook group designed to deliver professional development to educators in different countries. Participants learned about both Connectivism and Community of Inquiry/Social Presence through both content and explicit modeling within the various Facebook “events” structured around the group and learning objectives. Pre- and post-innovation surveys, one-on-one interviews, and materials collected during the events provided insight into what the participants experienced and what they were planning to implement in their own contexts. The data revealed that participants felt they gained knowledge and had a beneficial experience. In addition, they incorporated what they learned in their context in theory through their action plans and in practice through immediate implementation. Findings suggest that providing professional development in this structure was beneficial in knowledge acquisition through both content and modeling as well as facilitating the creation of similar experiences within the participants’ professional contexts.
ContributorsBuehler, Charles (Author) / Dorn, Sherman (Thesis advisor) / Henriksen, Danah (Committee member) / Farmakis, Heather (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2023
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Distance education has grown over the past several years due to the integration of technology and its advancements. The flexibility, convenience to the learner, and cost-effectiveness of online learning contributes to this rise in popularity (Boling et al., 2012). Consequently, U.S. colleges and universities are quickly establishing a vast array

Distance education has grown over the past several years due to the integration of technology and its advancements. The flexibility, convenience to the learner, and cost-effectiveness of online learning contributes to this rise in popularity (Boling et al., 2012). Consequently, U.S. colleges and universities are quickly establishing a vast array of distance learning programs and initiatives (Ernest et al., 2013; Jones & Wolf, 2010; Northcote et al., 2015). Communication in these colleges and universities among professors and students is vital, but it is especially critical in an online learning environment where social relationships are formed from the information conveyed by computer-mediated communication (Tu, 2000). Communicating immediacy between the instructor and student, facilitating reflection, and furthering discourse can build rapport while allowing the student to engage with the course content (Tu, 2000; Swan et al., 2008). Further, communication between the professor and the student enhances a sense of belonging, individuality, and intimacy in online learning environments (Boling et al, 2012). Online professors operate in a unique digital space where they provide guidance, instruction, and support to their online students without being in the same place and time. The purpose of this action research study was to explore the perceptions of undergraduate students regarding the strategies that can be used to improve the professor-student communication within the online educational setting. I explored this phenomenon using the theory of transactional distance and the social presence theory. This action research study involved the intervention of a Communication (COMM) Suite along with the participation of undergraduate students who have experienced online learning using both synchronous and asynchronous platforms. I collected data using a Likert scale survey accompanied by individual semi-structured interviews.
ContributorsMayo, Idris (Author) / Sampson, Carrie (Thesis advisor) / Henriksen, Danah (Thesis advisor) / Sutton, Jann (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2021