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- All Subjects: psychology
- Language: English
Description
Greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between the fields of sustainability and clinical psychology could lead to improved outcomes for both. Moreover, some forms of mental disorder, such as PTSD and Moral Injury, constitute serious challenges that require the attention of sustainability’s interdisciplinary, systems-focused, solutionsoriented approach. My research frames the impacts of combat-related psychological trauma on military veterans as a sustainability problem according to criteria put forward by Arnim Wiek’s Transformational Problem Solving framework. I also provide a review of studies demonstrating the treatment benefits of agricultural therapy for veterans diagnosed with PTSD or symptoms associated with Moral Injury. I then describe my own efforts investigating the connection between trauma and sustainability using survey measurements, interviews, and participant observation onsite at Growing Veterans farm in Mt. Vernon, Washington. The results strongly suggest that sustainable agricultural can be of powerful clinical benefit to traumatized veterans and that sustainable behaviors and values in general increased as trauma symptoms decreased. More broadly, the project indicates that slight shifts in how we approach solution formulation and how we articulate and disseminate sustainability messages could have profound positive effects on the sustainability’s success.
ContributorsGabriele, Adam (Author) / Hirt, Paul (Contributor) / Cloutier, Scott (Contributor) / Valdez, Herendira (Contributor)
Created2018-03-27
Description
Automation is becoming more autonomous, and the application of automation as a collaborator continues to be explored. A major restriction to automation’s application as a collaborator is that people often hold inaccurate expectations of their automated collaborator. Goal alignment has been shown to be beneficial in collaborations and delegation decisions among human-human and human-automation collaborations. Few studies have investigated the difference that goal alignment has on human collaborators compared to automated collaborators. In this 2 (goal aligned or misaligned) x 2 (human or automated) between-subjects study, participants complete a simplified triage patient task and then are given the opportunity to stay with their manual task solution or to delegate their decision and go with their collaborator’s recommendation. Participants never delegated to collaborators with goals that were not aligned to theirs. Participants working with human collaborators that have similar goals to them were more often delegated to and more often associated with a better triage performance. These results can inform the design of similar systems that foster collaboration and achieve better team performance. Although goal alignment was crucial for delegation decisions, it was difficult to achieve complete agreement of goals. Future research should investigate effective methods to better communicate goals among collaborators.
ContributorsLee, Jessica Rose (Author) / Chiou, Erin K (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J (Committee member) / Lum, Heather C (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
In understanding why cultures differ from one another, one might consider their ecology: the social and physical features of the environment relevant to an organism’s fitness. Multiple theories propose that cultures and the individuals within them respond to the threats and opportunities offered by the ecology in predictable and adaptive ways. This dissertation demonstrates how ecology can -- but does not always -- explain a significant portion of cultural variation. The three published, first-authored, peer-reviewed articles featured in this work leverage best practices in archival data to demonstrate the relationship between ecology and cultural variation. Chapter 2 describes the creation of the Eco-Cultural Dataset which contains data on 11 ecological variables and 72 cultural variables in up to 220 countries. Chapter 3 utilizes this dataset to estimate the effect of ecology on culture, writ large. Chapter 4 explores the potential role of pathogens in the existence and prevalence of food taboos in religious and cultural groups. The final chapter reviews the limitations of utilizing archival data to investigate ecology and culture, as well as proposing exciting future directions for the field.
ContributorsWormley, Alexandra (Author) / Varnum, Michael EW (Thesis advisor) / Cohen, Adam B (Committee member) / Neuberg, Steven L (Committee member) / Wynne, Clive DL (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
Among Latinxs living in the United States (U.S.), AfroLatinx individuals are more susceptible to dying from COVID-19 because of pre-existing health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension (Chapman, 2020). These health disparities, in turn, have been associated with economic inequalities AfroLatinx communities face in the U.S. due to discrimination and racism (Weinstein et al., 2017). Scholars have called attention to the need to focus on AfroLatinx populations, given the systematic denial of AfroLatinx experiences in the psychological literature (Sanchez, 2021) and the systemic and institutional barriers AfroLatinx face when seeking physical and mental health support (Borrell, 2005). Using Borrell's (2005) framework for studying the determinants of health disparities affecting AfroLatinxs, in Study 1, I examined the association between individual characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic indicators), psychosocial factors (e.g., economic distress), and contextual factors (e.g., discrimination) reported by AfroLatinx adults and emotional and physical health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. As an expansion of Borrell's model, I also examined whether having a pre-existing condition can help explain mental health distress above and beyond other determinants of health disparity. Study 2 built on the first study by helping identify the specific areas of stress and needs identified by AfroLatinxs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second aim of Study 2 was to determine the more frequent and effective strategies AfroLatinxs with pre-existing conditions used to cope with COVID-19-related stressors and needs.
ContributorsFaison, Alexis Duckett (Author) / Capielo Rosario, Cristalís (Thesis advisor) / Dillon, Frank (Committee member) / Vasquez, Elisa (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024
Description
ABSTRACT
It is unclear how often defense attorneys ask child complainants questions with implied meanings. The present study examined the frequency and content of implied questions asked to 6- to 17-year-old children and analyzed how often children rebutted these questions. This study focused on cross-examinations (N = 122) of child complainants in Child Sexual Assault (CSA) trials. Content analysis revealed prevalent themes of implicit questions that alluded to child complainants having ulterior motives, having been coached, being untruthful, missing disclosure opportunities, having poor memory, and other credibility issues. Implicit questions were posed in 63% of cases, with children rebutting only 11% of implied inquiries. No significant correlations were found between the age of the child testifying and the frequency of implicit questions or rebuttals. However, as children age they are more frequently asked questions related to truthfulness and credibility issues and are less frequently asked implicit inquiries about coaching. These findings present novel evidence that children are frequently asked difficult to answer implicit questions that imply the child has ulterior motives, and that attorneys change the focus of the content of their implicit questions by age.
ContributorsSobrilsky, Lea (Author) / Stolzenberg Roosevelt, Stacia (Thesis advisor) / Fine, Adam (Committee member) / O'Hara, Karey (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2024