Matching Items (17)
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- All Subjects: psychology
- Creators: Cooke, Nancy J.
Description
Reading partners’ actions correctly is essential for successful coordination, but interpretation does not always reflect reality. Attribution biases, such as self-serving and correspondence biases, lead people to misinterpret their partners’ actions and falsely assign blame after an unexpected event. These biases thus further influence people’s trust in their partners, including machine partners. The increasing capabilities and complexity of machines allow them to work physically with humans. However, their improvements may interfere with the accuracy for people to calibrate trust in machines and their capabilities, which requires an understanding of attribution biases’ effect on human-machine coordination. Specifically, the current thesis explores how the development of trust in a partner is influenced by attribution biases and people’s assignment of blame for a negative outcome. This study can also suggest how a machine partner should be designed to react to environmental disturbances and report the appropriate level of information about external conditions.
ContributorsHsiung, Chi-Ping (M.S.) (Author) / Chiou, Erin (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Zhang, Wenlong (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
Civilian and military use of remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) has significantly increased in recent years. Specifically, the United States Air Force (USAF) has an insatiable demand for RPA operations, that are responsible for fulfilling critical demands in every theater 24 hours a day, 365 days a year (United States Air Force, 2015). Around the clock operations have led to a manning shortage of RPA pilots in the USAF. The USAF MQ-9 “Reaper” Weapons School trains tactical experts and leaders of Airmen skilled in the art of integrated battle-space dominance (United States Air Force, 2015). Weapons Officers for the MQ-9 platform are also critically under-manned, with only 17% of allocated slots filled (B. Callahan, personal communication, January 28, 2016). Furthermore, the leading cause of training attrition has been attributed to lack of critical thinking and problem solving skills (B. Callahan, personal communication, January 28, 2016); skills not directly screened for prior to entering the RPA pilot career field. The proposed study seeks to discover patterns of student behaviors in the brief and debrief process in Weapons School, with the goal of identifying the competencies that distinguish the top students in Weapons School.
ContributorsDriggs, Jade B (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Niemczyk, Mary (Committee member) / Roscoe, Rod (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description
We experience spatial separation and temporal asynchrony between visual and
haptic information in many virtual-reality, augmented-reality, or teleoperation systems.
Three studies were conducted to examine the spatial and temporal characteristic of
multisensory integration. Participants interacted with virtual springs using both visual and
haptic senses, and their perception of stiffness and ability to differentiate stiffness were
measured. The results revealed that a constant visual delay increased the perceived stiffness,
while a variable visual delay made participants depend more on the haptic sensations in
stiffness perception. We also found that participants judged stiffness stiffer when they
interact with virtual springs at faster speeds, and interaction speed was positively correlated
with stiffness overestimation. In addition, it has been found that participants could learn an
association between visual and haptic inputs despite the fact that they were spatially
separated, resulting in the improvement of typing performance. These results show the
limitations of Maximum-Likelihood Estimation model, suggesting that a Bayesian
inference model should be used.
haptic information in many virtual-reality, augmented-reality, or teleoperation systems.
Three studies were conducted to examine the spatial and temporal characteristic of
multisensory integration. Participants interacted with virtual springs using both visual and
haptic senses, and their perception of stiffness and ability to differentiate stiffness were
measured. The results revealed that a constant visual delay increased the perceived stiffness,
while a variable visual delay made participants depend more on the haptic sensations in
stiffness perception. We also found that participants judged stiffness stiffer when they
interact with virtual springs at faster speeds, and interaction speed was positively correlated
with stiffness overestimation. In addition, it has been found that participants could learn an
association between visual and haptic inputs despite the fact that they were spatially
separated, resulting in the improvement of typing performance. These results show the
limitations of Maximum-Likelihood Estimation model, suggesting that a Bayesian
inference model should be used.
ContributorsSim, Sung Hun (Author) / Wu, Bing (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Gray, Robert (Committee member) / Branaghan, Russell (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2017
Description
Intuitive decision making refers to decision making based on situational pattern recognition, which happens without deliberation. It is a fast and effortless process that occurs without complete awareness. Moreover, it is believed that implicit learning is one means by which a foundation for intuitive decision making is developed. Accordingly, the present study investigated several factors that affect implicit learning and the development of intuitive decision making in a simulated real-world environment: (1) simple versus complex situational patterns; (2) the diversity of the patterns to which an individual is exposed; (3) the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that simple patterns led to higher levels of implicit learning and intuitive decision-making accuracy than complex patterns; increased diversity enhanced implicit learning and intuitive decision-making accuracy; and an embodied mechanism, labeling, contributes to the development of intuitive decision making in a simulated real-world environment. The results suggest that simulated real-world environments can provide the basis for training intuitive decision making, that diversity is influential in the process of training intuitive decision making, and that labeling contributes to the development of intuitive decision making. These results are interpreted in the context of applied situations such as military applications involving remotely piloted aircraft.
ContributorsCovas-Smith, Christine Marie (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Patterson, Robert (Committee member) / Glenberg, Arthur (Committee member) / Homa, Donald (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2011
Description
With the growth of autonomous vehicles’ prevalence, it is important to understand the relationship between autonomous vehicles and the other drivers around them. More specifically, how does one’s knowledge about autonomous vehicles (AV) affect positive and negative affect towards driving in their presence? Furthermore, how does trust of autonomous vehicles correlate with those emotions? These questions were addressed by conducting a survey to measure participant’s positive affect, negative affect, and trust when driving in the presence of autonomous vehicles. Participants’ were issued a pretest measuring existing knowledge of autonomous vehicles, followed by measures of affect and trust. After completing this pre-test portion of the study, participants were given information about how autonomous vehicles work, and were then presented with a posttest identical to the pretest. The educational intervention had no effect on positive or negative affect, though there was a positive relationship between positive affect and trust and a negative relationship between negative affect and trust. These findings will be used to inform future research endeavors researching trust and autonomous vehicles using a test bed developed at Arizona State University. This test bed allows for researchers to examine the behavior of multiple participants at the same time and include autonomous vehicles in studies.
ContributorsMartin, Sterling (Author) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Thesis advisor) / Chiou, Erin (Committee member) / Gray, Robert (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The study at hand investigated the effects of guidance and type of occlusion on the prediction of shot direction during a soccer penalty kick. Seventy participants took an online survey where they had to guess the direction of a penalty kick from the perspective of a goalkeeper. Half the participants were placed in a group where they had access to tips on what to look for, while the other group had no tips provided. Participants were shown videos in which the penalty shooter had their upper body covered or their lower body covered. Participants had 30 seconds to decide what side the ball was going to, right or left. Results showed that there is no significant between the two groups in terms of judgment accuracy. The group that received no guidance and had the kicker's lower body covered was the group with the highest average score, 50.44%. The findings may help future studies that focus on what material is taught to goalkeepers in a classroom setting and the role of occlusion during free kicks outside the 18-yard box.
ContributorsCervantes, Ian (Author) / Gray, Robert (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Branaghan, Russell (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2019
Description
The choices of an operator under heavy cognitive load are potentially critical to overall safety and performance. Such conditions are common when technological failures arise, and the operator is forced into multi-task situations. Task switching choice was examined in an effort to both validate previous work concerning a model of task overload management and address unresolved matters related to visual sampling. Using the Multi-Attribute Task Battery and eye tracking, the experiment studied any influence of task priority and difficulty. Continuous visual attention measurements captured attentional switches that do not manifest into behaviors but may provide insight into task switching choice. Difficulty was found to have an influence on task switching behavior; however, priority was not. Instead, priority may affect time spent on a task rather than strictly choice. Eye measures revealed some moderate connections between time spent dwelling on a task and subjective interest. The implication of this, as well as eye tracking used to validate a model of task overload management as a whole, is discussed.
ContributorsZabala, Garrett (Author) / Gutzwiller, Robert S (Thesis advisor) / Cooke, Nancy J. (Committee member) / Gray, Rob (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020