Matching Items (4)
Filtering by
- All Subjects: Ethnicity
- All Subjects: psychology
Description
Highly publicized cases involving citizen fatalities due to police use of force raise questions about perceptions of danger. Arrest-related deaths due to weapons, accidental injuries, and natural causes remain high year after year. Communities are greatly affected, and mistrust with the police continues to increase when these situations happen. There seem to be inaccurate perceptions that may stem from implicit associations, stereotypes, and social learning. These psychological concepts may provide theoretical explanations of how decisions are made when police officers are faced with danger. Some elements of this decision-making process may include suspect characteristics, officer experience, and police sub-culture. In this review, race/ethnicity and socio-economic status are examined as factors that contribute to police use of force. Disparities in use of force data often involve young, Black males living in low-income neighborhoods. The stereotype that this group is more dangerous than others stems from underlying prejudices and previous situations where Black people are targeted more in certain areas. Training, education, and community outreach programs can assist in mending relations between police and affected communities. Acknowledging these inaccurate perceptions, making the adjustments to police training and community relations, and being open to exploration in future research of other minority groups will assist in eliminating prejudices and creating better connections between law enforcement and the community.
ContributorsGarcia-Johnson, Anastacia Maria (Author) / Szeli, Eva (Thesis director) / Pizarro, Jesenia (Committee member) / School of Criminology and Criminal Justice (Contributor, Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2017-05
Description
This study aimed to develop a measurement model for executive function (EF) in middle childhood for a low-income Mexican American sample and to elucidate dynamic change processes among measurable developmental correlates of EF during infancy and early toddlerhood as predictors of later higher-order EF abilities. Drawing from developmental theory and a model of neurovisceral integration, surges in neurocognitive regulatory abilities may be supported by both previous and concurrent changes in physiological functioning and engagement in reciprocal social relationships. Utilizing recent methodological innovations, the current study moved beyond traditional growth models to evaluate possible points of attenuation and acceleration in dyadic reciprocity and vagal functioning over time as well as dynamic associations between these unfolding developmental processes. Data were collected from 322 low-income Mexican American children in the home at 24 weeks and in a laboratory space at ages 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 6 years. A parent-report measure of executive function also was collected over the phone between child age 7.5 and 9 years. Results suggested that, in this sample, EF was best modeled at child age 6 years as a unidimensional construct. Findings also supported the importance of earlier dyadic reciprocity for later EF, but there was a lack of evidence supporting the theorized link between EF and earlier vagal functioning and codevelopment of vagal functioning and dyadic reciprocity. This study highlights the importance of including dyadic measures of parent-child contingencies in studies of EF development and, from a clinical perspective, the potential use of relationship-based, dyadic intervention and prevention models to support crucial development of EF skills central to everyday adaptive functioning.
ContributorsWinstone, Laura (Author) / Luecken, Linda J (Thesis advisor) / Spinrad, Tracy (Committee member) / O'Rourke, Holly (Committee member) / Friedman, Lauren (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2022
DescriptionThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the gap of information surrounding behaviors and patterns of college students with ADHD. The paper outlines a proposed study to investigate the frequency of different help-seeking behaviors, as well as how predictors (stigma, race/ethnicity, comorbidity) influence the willingness to seek help.
ContributorsLoewy, David (Author) / Munguia, Jacob (Co-author) / Platacz, Jack (Co-author) / Friedman, Lauren (Thesis director) / Kim, Joanna (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Information Systems (Contributor)
Created2024-05
DescriptionA proposal for the investigation of help-seeking and help-seeking behaviors in adults with ADHD. Analyzes pre-existing literature in adults and children and adapts model for children that can be generalized to college students. Proposes a statistical moderation effect between predictors and help-seeking behaviors.
ContributorsPlatacz, Jack (Author) / Munguia, Jacob (Co-author) / Loewy, David (Co-author) / Friedman, Lauren (Thesis director) / Kim, Joanna (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Department of Physics (Contributor) / Department of Psychology (Contributor)
Created2024-05