Matching Items (5)
Filtering by
- All Subjects: Energy Efficiency
- Creators: Parrish, Kristen
- Creators: Dalrymple, Michael
Description
Residential air conditioning systems represent a critical load for many electric
utilities, especially for those who serve customers in hot climates. In hot and dry
climates, in particular, the cooling load is usually relatively low during night hours and
early mornings and hits its maximum in the late afternoon. If electric loads could be
shifted from peak hours (e.g., late afternoon) to off-peak hours (e.g., late morning), not
only would building operation costs decrease, the need to run peaker plants, which
typically use more fossil fuels than non-peaker plants, would also decrease. Thus, shifting
electricity consumption from peak to off-peak hours promotes economic and
environmental savings. Operational and technological strategies can reduce the load
during peak hours by shifting cooling operation from on-peak hours to off-peak hours.
Although operational peak load shifting strategies such as precooling may require
mechanical cooling (e.g., in climates like Phoenix, Arizona), this cooling is less
expensive than on-peak cooling due to demand charges or time-based price plans.
Precooling is an operational shift, rather than a technological one, and is thus widely
accessible to utilities’ customer base. This dissertation compares the effects of different
precooling strategies in a Phoenix-based utility’s residential customer market and
assesses the impact of technological enhancements (e.g., energy efficiency measures and
solar photovoltaic system) on the performance of precooling. This dissertation focuses on
the operational and technological peak load shifting strategies that are feasible for
residential buildings and discusses the advantages of each in terms of peak energy
savings and residential electricity cost savings.
utilities, especially for those who serve customers in hot climates. In hot and dry
climates, in particular, the cooling load is usually relatively low during night hours and
early mornings and hits its maximum in the late afternoon. If electric loads could be
shifted from peak hours (e.g., late afternoon) to off-peak hours (e.g., late morning), not
only would building operation costs decrease, the need to run peaker plants, which
typically use more fossil fuels than non-peaker plants, would also decrease. Thus, shifting
electricity consumption from peak to off-peak hours promotes economic and
environmental savings. Operational and technological strategies can reduce the load
during peak hours by shifting cooling operation from on-peak hours to off-peak hours.
Although operational peak load shifting strategies such as precooling may require
mechanical cooling (e.g., in climates like Phoenix, Arizona), this cooling is less
expensive than on-peak cooling due to demand charges or time-based price plans.
Precooling is an operational shift, rather than a technological one, and is thus widely
accessible to utilities’ customer base. This dissertation compares the effects of different
precooling strategies in a Phoenix-based utility’s residential customer market and
assesses the impact of technological enhancements (e.g., energy efficiency measures and
solar photovoltaic system) on the performance of precooling. This dissertation focuses on
the operational and technological peak load shifting strategies that are feasible for
residential buildings and discusses the advantages of each in terms of peak energy
savings and residential electricity cost savings.
ContributorsArababadi, Reza (Author) / Parrish, Kristen (Thesis advisor) / Reddy, T A (Committee member) / Jackson, Roderick K (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2016
Description
Many different levels of government, organizations, and programs actively shape the future of energy in Arizona, a state that lacks a comprehensive energy plan. Disparate actions by multiple actors may slow the energy policy process rather than expedite it. The absence of a state energy policy or plan raises questions about how multiple actors and ideas engage with state energy policy development and whether the absence of a comprehensive state plan can be understood. Improving how policy development is conceptualized and giving more focused attention to the mechanisms by which interested parties become involved in shaping Arizona energy policy. To explore these questions, I examine the future energy efficiency. Initially, public engagement mechanisms were examined for their role in policy creation from a theoretical perspective. Next a prominent public engagement forum that was dedicated to the topic of the Arizona's energy future was examined, mapping its process and conclusions onto a policy process model. The first part of this thesis involves an experimental expert consultation panel which was convened to amplify and refine the results of a public forum. The second part utilizes an online follow up survey to complete unfinished ideas from the focus group. The experiment flowed from a hypothesis that formal expert discussion on energy efficiency policies, guided by the recommendations put forth by the public engagement forum on energy in Arizona, would result in an increase in relevance while providing a forum for interdisciplinary collaboration that is atypical in today's energy discussions. This experiment was designed and evaluated utilizing a public engagement framework that incorporated theoretical and empirical elements. Specifically, I adapted elements of three methods of public and expert engagement used in policy development to create a consultation process that was contextualized to energy efficiency stakeholders in Arizona and their unique constraints. The goal of the consultation process was to refine preferences about policy options by expert stakeholders into actionable goals that could achieve advancement on policy implementation. As a corollary goal, the research set out to define implementation barriers, refine policy ideas, and operationalize Arizona-centric goals for the future of energy efficiency.
ContributorsBryck, Drew (Author) / Graffy, Elisabeth A. (Thesis advisor) / Dalrymple, Michael (Committee member) / Miller, Clark (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2013
Description
Due to extreme summer temperatures that regularly reach 122°F (50°C), cooling energy requirements have been responsible for 70% of peak demand and 45% of total electricity consumption in Kuwait. It is estimated that 50%-60% of electric power is consumed by the residential sector, mostly in detached villas. This study analyzes the potential impact of energy efficiency measures (EEM) and renewable energy (RE) measures on the electric energy requirements of an existing villa built in 2004. Using architectural plans, interview data, and the eQUEST building energy simulation tool, a building energy model (BEM) was developed for a villa calibrated with hourly energy use data for the year 2014. Although the modeled villa consumed less energy than an average Kuwaiti villa of the same size, 26% energy reductions were still possible under compliance with 2018 building codes. Compliance with 2010 and 2014 building codes, however, would have increased energy use by 19% and 3% respectively. Furthermore, survey data of 150 villas was used to generate statistics on rooftop solar area availability. Accordingly, it was found that 78% of the survey sample’s average total rooftop area was not suitable for rooftop solar systems due to shading and other obstacles. The integration of a solar canopy circumvents this issue and also functions as a shading device for outdoor activities and as a protective cover for AC units and water tanks. Combining the highest modeled EEMs and RE measures on the villa, the energy use intensity (EUI) would be reduced to 15 kWh/m2/year from a baseline value of 127 kWh/m2/year, close to net zero. Finally, it was determined that EEMs were able to reduce the entire demand profile whereas RE measures were most effective at reducing demand around mid-day hours. In future studies, more effort should be spent on collecting hourly data from multiple villas to assist in the development of a detailed hourly bottom-up residential energy modeling methodology.
ContributorsAlyakoob, Ali (Author) / Reddy, Agami T (Thesis advisor) / Addison, Marlin (Committee member) / Parrish, Kristen (Committee member) / Arizona State University (Publisher)
Created2020
Description
Sustainability disclosures have existed and been in use for over 20 years. Over the last century, corporate social responsibility ideals changed drastically from both the perspectives of consumers, investors, and corporations. Shifting from a start as an innovative initiative to now a crucial instrument in maintaining a public image and keeping up with competitors, sustainability can now be used to an economic benefit. The benefits of sustainability disclosure exist now as major factors of key performance indicators and major impactors of the bottom line.
ContributorsLe, Sarah Nguyen (Author) / Cheng, Chingwen (Thesis director) / Dalrymple, Michael (Committee member) / School of Earth and Space Exploration (Contributor) / Department of Finance (Contributor) / School of Art (Contributor) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor)
Created2020-05
Description
Arizona has been rapidly expanding in both population and construction over the last 20 years, and with the hot summer climate, many homeowners experience a significant increase in their utility bills. The cost to reduce these energy bills with home renovations can become expensive. This has become increasingly apparent over the last few years with the impact that covid had on the global supply chain. Prices of materials and labor have never been higher, and with this, the price of energy continues to increase. Therefore, it is important to explore methods to make homes more energy-efficient without the price tag. In addition to benefitting the homeowner by decreasing the cost of their monthly utility bills, making homes more energy efficient will aid in the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions.
ContributorsFiller, Peyton (Author) / Phelan, Patrick (Thesis director) / Parrish, Kristen (Committee member) / Barrett, The Honors College (Contributor) / Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Program (Contributor)
Created2022-05